AiPLaP

Article Details

Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): January

Similar but Different: Comparative Seed Policy Implementation for Food Security in Indonesia and Malaysia

https://doi.org/10.35912/aiplap.v1i1.3917

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to compare the implementation of high-quality seed and seedling management policies in Indonesia and Malaysia and to understand their role in strengthening national food security.

Research Methodology: This study employs a qualitative comparative approach focusing on Indonesia and Malaysia as ASEAN countries with different agricultural governance systems. Data were collected through document analysis of national regulations, policy reports, agricultural plans, and official publications related to seed and seedling management. The analysis applies a policy implementation framework to examine institutional arrangements, distribution systems, and stakeholder involvement, relying solely on secondary data.

Results: The findings show clear differences in policy implementation between the two countries. Malaysia has developed an integrated seed management system supported by strong institutions, digital distribution mechanisms, and continuous research and development. This system encourages compliance and effective user behavior among farmers. Indonesia, however, remains at an early implementation stage, facing challenges such as fragmented institutions, limited coordination, and inefficient seed distribution systems. These conditions reduce policy effectiveness and slow progress toward food security goals.

Conclusions: The study concludes that institutional coherence, digital governance, and strong research support are critical factors in successful seed policy implementation.

Limitations: This study is limited to document-based analysis and does not include field observations or farmer interviews.

Contributions: This study contributes to agricultural policy studies, food security research, and comparative public policy by providing insights for policymakers, researchers, and regional institutions in ASEAN.

Keywords

Food Security High-Quality Seeds and Seedlings Policy Implementation Indonesia, Malaysia ASEAN

How to Cite

Prasasti, D. E. . (2026). Similar but Different: Comparative Seed Policy Implementation for Food Security in Indonesia and Malaysia. Advances in Public Law and Policy, 1(1), 23–38. https://doi.org/10.35912/aiplap.v1i1.3917

Download Citation

Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

References

  1. Aassouli, D., Akande, A., & Jureidini, R. (2023). Comparative analysis of sustainable food governance and the alignment of food security policies to sustainable development: A case study of OIC countries. Sustainability, 15(22), 15789. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su152215789
  2. Abdallah, A.-H., Abdul-Rahaman, A., & Issahaku, G. (2021). Sustainable agricultural practices, farm income and food security among rural households in Africa. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23(12), 17668-17701. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01407-y
  3. Akbar, M. F., Alwi, A., Susanti, G., & Nahruddin, Z. (2022). Collaborative Arrangement in the Implementation of Food Security Policy in Indonesia. Public Policy and Administration, 21(2). doi:https://doi.org/10.13165/VPA-22-21-2-08
  4. Alam, M. J., Sarma, P. K., Begum, I. A., Connor, J., Crase, L., Sayem, S. M., & McKenzie, A. M. (2024). Agricultural extension service, technology adoption, and production risk nexus: Evidence from Bangladesh. Heliyon, 10(14). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34226
  5. Amaza, P. (2018). Impact on household food security of promoting sustainable agriculture among farming households in Borno State, Nigeria. doi:https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.277204
  6. ASEAN. (2020). Asean Integrated Food Security (Aifs) Framework And Strategic Plan Of Action On Food Security In The Asean Region (SPA-FS) 2021-2025
  7. Atlin, G. N., Cairns, J. E., & Das, B. (2017). Rapid breeding and varietal replacement are critical to adaptation of cropping systems in the developing world to climate change. Global food security, 12, 31-37. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2017.01.008
  8. AZIZ, F. (2023). A-G's Report: Rice output targets not met, 50% shortfall in seed production.
  9. Badan, P., Nasional. (2023). Daerah rentan rawan pangan berkurang, NFA mantapkan aksi kesiapsiagaan krisis pangan. Retrieved from https://badanpangan.go.id/blog/post/hasil-fsva-2023-daerah-rentan-rawan-pangan-berkurang-nfa-mantapkan-aksi-kesiapsiagaan-krisis-pangan
  10. Boadu, E. S. (2024). Evaluating Ghana’s youth-centered food-security policies: A collaborative governance approach. Sustainability, 16(9), 3830. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su16093830
  11. Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative research journal, 9(2), 27-40. doi:https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
  12. BPS. (2023). Hasil Pencacahan Lengkap Sensus Pertanian 2023 - Tahap.
  13. Budiawati, Y., Natawidjaja, R. S., Sarwo Utomo, D., Perdana, T., & Karmana, M. H. (2024). A systematic literature review on coping mechanisms and food security during pandemics. Food Security, 16(3), 551-570. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-024-01445-0
  14. Cardno, C. (2018). Policy Document Analysis: A practical educational leadership tool and a qualitative research method. Educational Administration: Theory & Practice, 24(4), 623-640. doi:https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
  15. Creswell, J. W., & Miller, D. L. (2000). Determining validity in qualitative inquiry. Theory into practice, 39(3), 124-130. doi:https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip3903_2
  16. Dwiartama, A., Kelly, M., & Dixon, J. (2023). Linking food security, food sovereignty and foodways in urban Southeast Asia: cases from Indonesia and Thailand. Food Security, 15(2), 505-517. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-022-01340-6
  17. Elias, M., Mudege, N. N., Lopez, D. E., Najjar, D., Kandiwa, V., Luis, J. S., . . . Badstue, L. B. (2018). Gendered aspirations and occupations among rural youth, in agriculture and beyond: A cross-regional perspective.
  18. Febrinastri, & Firmansyah. (2023). Kementan dan BRIN berkolaborasi bangun ekosistem pangan untuk meningkatkan hasil pertanian. Retrieved from Diakses pada 19 Mei 2025, dari https://www.suara.com/bisnis/2023/10/17/191548/kementan-dan-brin-berkolaborasi-bangun-ekosistem-pangan-untuk-meningkatkan-hasil-pertanian
  19. Fiorini, A. C. O., Angelkorte, G., Bakman, T., Baptista, L. B., Cruz, T., A Diuana, F., . . . Tagomori, I. (2024). How climate change is impacting the Brazilian agricultural sector: evidence from a systematic literature review. Environmental Research Letters, 19(8), 083001. doi:https://doi.org//10.1088/1748-9326/ad5f42
  20. Gillani, S. W., Ahmad, M., Manzoor, M., Waheed, M., Iqbal, Z., Ullah, R., . . . Alrhmoun, M. (2024). The nexus between ecology of foraging and food security: cross-cultural perceptions of wild food plants in Kashmir Himalaya. Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine, 20(1), 77. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-024-00721-9
  21. Grindle, M. S. (2017). Politics and policy implementation in the Third World.
  22. Hill, M., & Hupe, P. (2002). Implementing public policy: Governance in theory and in practice: Sage.
  23. Husaini. (2023). Dengan benih unggul, Kementan dan alumni IPB perkuat ketahanan pangan. . Retrieved from https://panennews.com/2023/11/dengan-benih-unggul-kementan-dan-alumni-ipb-perkuat-ketahanan-pangan/
  24. Jaffee, S., & Srivastava, J. (1992). Seed system development. World Bank Discussion Paper, 197.
  25. Jakaria, J. T., & Lutfi, M. Y. (2022). Food security and human development: difference between potential and reality in asean countries. Paper presented at the LePALISSHE 2021: Proceedings of the First Lekantara Annual Conference on Public Administration, Literature, Social Sciences, Humanities, and Education, LePALISSHE 2021, August 3, 2021, Malang, Indonesia.
  26. Janvry, D., & Sadoulet. (2021). Standards and quality assurance in agricultural inputs: Evidence from seed certification. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105515
  27. Karim, M. J., Goni, M. O. F., Nahiduzzaman, M., Ahsan, M., Haider, J., & Kowalski, M. (2024). Enhancing agriculture through real-time grape leaf disease classification via an edge device with a lightweight CNN architecture and Grad-CAM. Scientific reports, 14(1), 16022. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-66989-9
  28. KPKM, M. (2023). National Agro-Food Policy 2.0 (2021–2030): Putrajaya: Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security.
  29. Luxia, F. (2024). Petani Milenial Motor Penggerak Regenerasi Petani, 42% Telah Adaptif Teknologi. Retrieved from https://data.goodstats.id/statistic/petani-milenial-motor-penggerak-regenerasi-petani-42-telah-adaptif-teknologi-RGH8R
  30. Makbul, Y., Faoziyah, U., Ratnaningtyas, S., & Kombaitan, B. (2019). Infrastructure development and food security in Indonesia: The impact of the trans-Java toll road on rice paddy farmers’ desire to sell farmland. Journal of Regional and City Planning, 30(2), 140-156. doi:https://doi.org//10.5614/jpwk.2019.30.2.4
  31. Mardi. (2025). Pengeluaran benih asas padi & bahan tanaman. Laman Web Rasmi Institut Penyelidikan dan Kemajuan Pertanian Malaysia. Retrieved from https://www.mardi.gov.my/info-korporat/prolog-ketua-pengarah.html?catid=21&id=160%3Apengeluaran-benih-asas-padi-bahan-tanaman&view=article
  32. Martanto, R. (2021). Land use conversion pattern and food security for sustainable food land direction in Karanganyar Regency, Indonesia. AgBioForum, 23(2), 143-152.
  33. Mayers, J., Bass, S., & Macqueen, D. (2005). The pyramid: A diagnostic and planning tool for good forest governance.
  34. Medialdia, M. T., Salamat, M. C., & Jr, A. A. (2024). Food Safety and Food Loss Reduction Policies and Implications for Agrifood Sector Development in Less Developed Mekong Countries. Journal of Food Security, 12(3), 35-45.
  35. Mutegi, J., Adolwa, I., Kiwia, A., Njoroge, S., Gitonga, A., Muthamia, J., . . . Zingore, S. (2024). Agricultural production and food security implications of Covid-19 disruption on small-scale farmer households: lessons from Kenya. World Development, 173, 106405. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2023.106405
  36. Nkhoma, P. R., Bosman, M. M., & Eduful, M. (2019). Constituting Agricultural and Food Security Policy in Malawi: Exploring the Factors that Have Driven Policy Processes in the Farm Inputs Subsidy Programme. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 54(3), 360-375. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909618820357
  37. Nodin, M. N., Mustafa, Z., & Hussain, S. I. (2022). Assessing rice production efficiency for food security policy planning in Malaysia: A non-parametric bootstrap data envelopment analysis approach. Food Policy, 107, 102208. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2021.102208
  38. Pardede. (2023). Pemanfaatan benih unggul terhambat regulasi dan distribusi. .
  39. Pathirana, R., & Carimi, F. (2022). Management and utilization of plant genetic resources for a sustainable agriculture. Plants, 11(15), 2038. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11152038
  40. Rose, R. (1993). Lesson-drawing in public policy: A guide to learning across time and space (Vol. 91): Chatham House Publishers Chatham.
  41. Rosli, R. M. (2023). Utamakan kuota benih padi sah kepada agensi kerajaan.
  42. Sabatier, P., & Mazmanian, A. (1989). Implementation and public policy: With a new postscript. Latham, MD: University Press of America.
  43. Shafik, W., Tufail, A., De Silva Liyanage, C., & Apong, R. A. A. H. M. (2024). Using transfer learning-based plant disease classification and detection for sustainable agriculture. BMC Plant Biology, 24(1), 136. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-04825-y
  44. Shai, K. N., Materechera, S. A., Amoo, S. O., & Aremu, A. O. (2024). Ethnobotanical insights on the management of plant pests and diseases by smallholder farmers in Mpumalanga Province of South Africa. Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine, 20(1), 71. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-024-00711-x
  45. Sholikah, L., Nisa, Z., Pratama, B., Pradipta, A., Ngadisih, Susanto, S., . . . Arif, S. (2021). Identification of agricultural land use change based on machine learning for regional food security analysis in the mountainous region of Kulon Progo regency. Paper presented at the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science.
  46. SILA, O., & PELLOKILA, M. R. (2007). Socio-economic indicators affecting food security at rice farmer? s household in tarlac, the Philippines. SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian, 7(2), 44032.
  47. Tjilen, A. P., Tambaip, B., Dharmawan, B., Adrianus, A., Riyanto, P., & Ohoiwutun, Y. (2024). Engaging stakeholders in policy decision-making for food security governance: Identification, perception, and contribution. Corporate Governance and Organizational Behavior Review, 8(1), 144-154.
  48. Vansant, E., den Braber, B., Hall, C., Kamoto, J., Reiner, F., Oldekop, J., & Rasmussen, L. V. (2024). Food-sourcing from on-farm trees mediates positive relationships between tree cover and dietary quality in Malawi. Nature Food, 5(8), 661-666. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-024-01028-4
  49. Wahab, B., Taiwo, O., Diallo, A., Bishoge, O., & Samoura, D. (2024). Small-scale Farmers’ Adoptions of Climate-smart Agricultural Practices in the Guinean Savanna’s Agroecological Zones. Journal of Agricultural Sciences–Sri Lanka, 19(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.4038/jas.v19i1.9588
  50. Walton, S., Jessani, N. S., Jue?Wong, H., Hazel, E. A., Akseer, N., Kante, A. M., . . . Amouzou, A. (2024). Climate shocks and nutrition: The role of food security policies and programs in enhancing maternal and neonatal survival in Niger. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 20(1), e13566. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13566
  51. Wandera, C., Dindi, W. V., Jaoko, F. O., & Koech, M. (2024). Assessment of behavioural response to climate forecasts and climate change adaptation by small-holder farmers in Nambale sub-county of Busia county, Kenya. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 135, 103671. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2024.103671
  52. Widiana, A., Wijaya, C., & Atmoko, A. W. (2022). The challenges of food security policy in Indonesia: lesson learned from Vietnam, India, and Japan. Technium Soc. Sci. J., 33, 1.
  53. Yuliana, R. (2022). Pengaruh Jarak Tanam dan Pemangkasan Pucuk terhadap Produksi dan Mutu Benih Paria (Momordica charantia L.). POLITEKNIK NEGERI JEMBER.
  54. Zaf. (2023). In Kedah and Perlis, paddy planting delayed as certified seed shortage worsens. Malay Mail. Retrieved from https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2023/11/07/in-kedah-and-perlis-paddy-planting-delayed-as-certified-seed-shortage-worsens/100692
  55. Živanovi? Miljkovi?, J., Popovi?, V., & Gaji?, A. (2022). Land Take Processes and Challenges for Urban Agriculture: A Spatial Analysis for Novi Sad, Serbia. Land, 11(6), 769. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/joste.v5i3.1726

Authors

Dini Eka Prasasti
Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Downloads

View PDF

Statistics

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Issue

Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): January
Section: Articles
Contact Us
WhatsApp Instagram Facebook LinkedIn Email