Violation of human rights and The Jurisdiction of The International Criminal Court

https://doi.org/10.35912/dpd.v2i2.3281
Published: Aug 6, 2025

Abstract:

Purpose: Territorial disputes remain a crucial issue within the doctrine of national sovereignty, despite international law promoting borderless cooperation. In reality, such conflicts, like the one between Palestine and Israel, continue and result in significant casualties and humanitarian crises. This study aims to analyze humanitarian crimes in the Palestine-Israel conflict zone and assess the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in addressing them.

Methodology: The research uses a normative legal approach based on international regulations and case studies. It relies on secondary legal sources through library research and qualitative descriptive analysis.

Results: The findings indicate severe human rights violations, particularly against civilians, including women and children, and damage to non-military facilities. These acts reflect violations of humanitarian law and fall under the ICC’s jurisdiction, which includes genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and aggression.

Conclusion: The ICC, although limited in its reach over non-party states, remains a crucial body for pursuing justice and accountability in international humanitarian crises when national systems fail to act.

Limitations: The study is confined to the humanitarian aspects of the Israel-Palestine conflict without addressing territorial status or sovereignty issues. It also affirms the ICC’s jurisdiction and the UN Security Council’s obligation to act under the principle of Obligation Erga Omnes.

Contribution: This research reinforces the role and limitations of the ICC in addressing gross human rights violations and underscores the need to strengthen global legal frameworks to ensure accountability beyond state sovereignty.

Keywords:
1. Human Rights
2. International Criminal Court
3. Obligation Erga Omnes
Authors:
1 . Jeffry Alexander Ch Likadja
Nusa Cendana University, Indonesia
2 . Novilinda Dwiputri Irtanti Saudila
Nusa Cendana University, Indonesia
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Likadja, J. A. C. ., & Saudila, N. D. I. . (2025). Violation of human rights and The Jurisdiction of The International Criminal Court. Dynamics of Politics and Democracy, 2(2), 101–110. https://doi.org/10.35912/dpd.v2i2.3281
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Issue & Section
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023): February
Articles
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  2. Alradix Djansena, F. Y., Heriyanta Sembiring, I Nyoman Parwata, I Wayan Midhio, Purnomo Yusgiantoro, Roedy Roedy, Trias Wijanarko, Yuli Kartiningsih. (2025). On the verge of nuclear war: Global security challenges and dynamics in maintaining world
  3. peace. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v5i3.2908
  4. Altman, D., & Lee, M. M. (2022). Why territorial disputes escalate: The causes of conquest attempts since 1945. International Studies Quarterly, 66(4), sqac076. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqac076
  5. Aronggear, Y. M., Marlissa, E. R., & Ngutra, R. N. (2025). Analysis of the management strategy for retribution revenue from sports venues in Papua Province. Dynamics of Politics and Democracy, 4(2), 25-38. doi:10.35912/dpd.v4i2.3084
  6. Aulia, E., Djusfi, A. R., & Thariq, P. A. (2020). Kewenangan Yurisdiksi International Criminal Court Terhadap Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia. Ius Civile: Refleksi Penegakan Hukum dan Keadilan, 4(2).
  7. Bywater, M. (2021). The humanitarian alibi: an overview and a redefinition. Journal of International Humanitarian Action, 6(1), 22. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s41018-021-00106-7
  8. Cahya, E. N. (2022). Agresi Israel terhadap Palestina yang berujung pelanggaran ham pada Palestina. Jurnal Pendidikan PKN (Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan), 3(1), 43-56.
  9. Daniele, L. (2024). Incidentality of the civilian harm in international humanitarian law and its Contra Legem antonyms in recent discourses on the laws of war. Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 29(1), 21-54. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/krae004
  10. El-Muhtaj, M., Asshiddiqie, J., & Abbas, H. (2007). Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Konstitusi Indonesia. Jakarta: Kencana.
  11. Gentile, J. (2020). On Free Association and the “Motions and Commotions” of Desire: Review of Trilogy by Barnaby B. Barratt: by Barnaby B. Barratt. London, UK: Routledge: Taylor & Francis.
  12. Indiraphasa, N. S. (2024). 44 Hari Perang, Korban Tewas Agresi Israel di Palestina Tembus 13 Ribu. Retrieved from https://www.nu.or.id/internasional/44-hari-perang-korban-tewas-agresi-israel-di-palestina-tembus-13-ribu-QZOwj
  13. Indonesia, C. (2023). Komisi HAM PBB: Hamas-Israel Sama-sama Lakukan Kejahatan Perang. Retrieved from https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20231109091031-120-1021839/komisi-ham-pbb-hamas-israel-sama-sama-lakukan-kejahatan-perang
  14. Kaloko, I. F., Daulay, Z., Syofyan, S., Utari, M. S., & Harmelia, H. (2022). Konflik Israel vs. Palestina Memanas, Individu Mana yang Harus Bertanggungjawab? Syntax Literate; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia, 7(12), 19172-19184.
  15. Langbroek, P., van den Bos, K., Thomas, M. S., Milo, M., & van Rossum, W. (2017). Methodology of legal research: Challenges and opportunities”(2017) 13. Utrecht Law Review, 3, 2. doi:http://doi.org/10.18352/ulr.411
  16. Likadja, J. A. C. (2015). Memaknai “Hukum Negara (Law Through State)” dalam Bingkai “Negara Hukum (Rechtstaat)”. Hasanuddin Law Review, 1(1), 75-86.
  17. McDougall, C. (2024). Expanding the ICC’s Jurisdiction Over the Crime of Aggression. Journal of International Criminal Justice, 22(3-4), 543-564. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqae042
  18. Nasrum, N., Iek, M., & Ngutra, R. N. (2025). Analysis of the efficiency and effectiveness of the budget for the DPR's aspirational funds in Mimika Regency. Dynamics of Politics and Democracy, 3(2), 79-88. doi:10.35912/dpd.v3i2.3274
  19. Navisa, F. D., Winarno, B., & Hamidah, S. (2019). External Legal Protection for Capital Investors from Political Risk. Journal of Arts and Humanities, 8(6), 93-103.
  20. Noya, A., Marlissa, E. R., & Urip, T. P. (2025). Analysis of the fulfillment of decent living needs of indigenous Papuan traders at the Central Market of Timika, Central Papua. Dynamics of Politics and Democracy, 4(2), 9-24. doi:10.35912/dpd.v4i2.2963
  21. Nweke, O. (2020). Understanding human rights. Paper presented at the Confrence: Kings University College Lawa Students Union Seminar At Accra-Ghana.
  22. Pardesi, M. S. (2017). Image theory and the initiation of strategic rivalries Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics.
  23. Putri, B. M. S., & Sefriani, S. (2021). The International Criminal Court Jurisdiction Towards The Deportation Issues In Myanmar. Yustisia, 10(3), 306-320.
  24. Riyadi, S. (2025). Law enforcement against Indonesian army soldiers committing the criminal act of bigamy (Case Study of Supreme Court Decision Number 108 K/MIL/2023). Dynamics of Politics and Democracy, 4(1), 1-16. doi:10.35912/dpd.v4i1.2981
  25. Shereshevsky, Y. (2025). Complementarity (Un) Fairness: Powerful States and their Ability to Avoid ICC Proceedings by Conducting Domestic Investigations. Journal of International Criminal Justice, mqaf013. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqaf013
  26. Shiyong, Y. (2019). Exploration on Application-Oriented Curriculum Reform in CDIO Mode—Taking the Course" Ceramic Material Process Foundation" as an Example. Paper presented at the 2019 3rd International Conference on Education, Culture and Social Development (ICECSD 2019).
  27. Suryadi, B. U. (2019). Hukum Humaniter Internasional Sebuah Pengantar. Jakarta, Kencana.
  28. Widodo, S. (2025). Criminological analysis of narcotics crime verdicts committed by members of the military (Study of Military Court Decisions). Dynamics of Politics and Democracy, 4(1), 17-31. doi:10.35912/dpd.v4i1.2982