Measuring the influence of dynastic politics in the MK Decision Number 90/PPU-XXI/2023 on democracy
Abstract:
Purpose: This study aims to analyze the impact of Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 on the development of dynastic politics and its implications for democracy in Indonesia ahead of the 2024 General Election.
Method: This research employs a qualitative descriptive method supported by normative legal analysis, drawing from constitutional provisions, court decisions, literature reviews, and survey data. This approach allows for a comprehensive examination of the intersection of law, politics, and democratic values.
Results: The findings reveal that the Constitutional Court’s decision—permitting presidential or vice-presidential candidacy for individuals under 40 years of age if they have held an elected regional office—has intensified concerns regarding political dynasties. The public perceives this decision as favoring elite family interests, particularly the nomination of President Joko Widodo’s son, Kaesang Pangarep. This event reflects democratic backsliding and threatens the principle of equality before the law, creating imbalances in political competition and weakening public trust in the integrity of elections.
Conclusion: Dynastic politics, legitimized through judicial decisions with potential conflicts of interest, pose a serious threat to Indonesia’s democracy. Although not illegal, dynastic politics undermines democratic norms, transparency, and equal opportunities in political participation.
Limitations: This study is limited by its reliance on secondary data and the recent timeframe surrounding the 2024 election, which may restrict generalizability.
Contributions: This study contributes to the discourse on democracy and legal politics by highlighting the urgent need for institutional reform, political party responsibility, and judicial impartiality to safeguard Indonesia’s democratic future.
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Adedeji, A. O. (2022). Analysis of Good Governance as an Earmark of Distinctive Federalism in Nigeria Federation. Journal of Governance and Accountability Studies, 2(2), 147-158.
Akmal, D. U. (2021). Indonesian State of Law is an Aspired Concept. Nurani Hukum, 4, 77-89. doi:10.51825/nhk.v4i1.9265
Asshiddiqie, J. (2006). Pengantar ilmu hukum tata negara.
Bratakusumah, D. S. (2018). Actualization of Checks and Balances between Executive, Legislative and Judicial in Indonesia. Jurnal Perencanaan Pembangunan: The Indonesian Journal of Development Planning, 2(3), 219-226.
Dewi, S. H. S. (2021). Pengaruh Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 33/Puu-Xiii/2015 Dikaitkan Dengan Pembatasan Politik Dinasti pada Pemilihan Kepala Daerah.
Hamzah, H., M Narang, A., & Yusari, A. (2021). Legal systems in Indonesia: overview.
Haryanti, A. (2019). Sistem Pemerintahan Daerah: Unpam Press.
Hergianasari, P., Yanuartha, R. A., & Siaheinenia, R. R. Analysis of Political Dynasties in Indonesia Uses Pierre Bourdieu'S Theory. Available at SSRN 4382873. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4382873
Heryanto, G. G. (2019). Literasi Politik: IRCiSoD.
Hidayat, M. M. (2024). The 2024 general elections in Indonesia: Issues of political dynasties, electoral fraud, and the emergence of a national protest movements. IAS Journal of Localities, 2(1), 33-51. doi:https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6826-3409
Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, (1945).
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Khan, M. M. R. (2021). Political state and the dilemma of dignity, equality and freedom: Evidence from a sovereign state. Dynamics of Politics and Democracy, 1(1), 29-37.
Likadja, J. A. C. (2015). Memaknai “Hukum Negara (Law Through State)” dalam Bingkai “Negara Hukum (Rechtstaat)”. Hasanuddin Law Review, 1(1), 75-86.
Mwesigwa, D. (2021). Towards enhancing local citizen participation in Uganda. Dynamics of Politics and Democracy, 1(1), 15-28.
Nairobi, N., Santi, N. R., & Afif, F. Y. (2021). The impact of the quality of democracy on the economic growth of provinces in Indonesia. Journal of Governance and Accountability Studies, 1(2), 121-132.
Perludem. (2023). Tafsir Serampangan, Inkonsistensi Logika, dan Konflik Kepentingan Mahkamah Konstitusi Dalam Putusan No.90/PUU-XXI/2023. Retrieved from https://perludem.org/2023/10/17/tafsir-serampangan-inkonsistensi-logika-dan-konflik-kepentingan-mahkamah-konstitusi-dalam-putusan-no-90-puu-xxi-2023/
Permana, D. (2023). Political Dynasties in the Government System in Indonesia.
Situmeang, T. (2024). The Authority Of The People's Consultative Assembly In Making Outward Regulating Provisions After The Amendment Of The 1945 Constitution. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, 12(2), 1-17.
Smradhana, R. (2024). PANCASILA AS A LEGAL SYSTEM AND SOURCE OF NATIONAL LAW OF THE STATE OF INDONESIA. Available at SSRN 5250146. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5250146
Stefanus, K. Y. (2021). Aspek-Aspek Hukum Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Pembentukan Peraturan Daerah Dan Peraturan Desa. JURNAL HUKUM PROYURIS, 3(1), 239-251.
Strong, C. F. (1960). Modern political constitutions: an introduction to the comparative study of their history and existing form: Sidgwick & Jackson.
Ulya, F. N., & Meiliana, D. (2023). Gibran Maju Pilpres 2024, Survei Litbang "Kompas": 60,7 Persen Responden Sebut Politik Dinasti. Retrieved from https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2023/10/23/12383821/gibran-maju-pilpres-2024-survei-litbang-kompas-607-persen-responden-sebut
Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilihan Umum.
- Adedeji, A. O. (2022). Analysis of Good Governance as an Earmark of Distinctive Federalism in Nigeria Federation. Journal of Governance and Accountability Studies, 2(2), 147-158.
- Akmal, D. U. (2021). Indonesian State of Law is an Aspired Concept. Nurani Hukum, 4, 77-89. doi:10.51825/nhk.v4i1.9265
- Asshiddiqie, J. (2006). Pengantar ilmu hukum tata negara.
- Bratakusumah, D. S. (2018). Actualization of Checks and Balances between Executive, Legislative and Judicial in Indonesia. Jurnal Perencanaan Pembangunan: The Indonesian Journal of Development Planning, 2(3), 219-226.
- Dewi, S. H. S. (2021). Pengaruh Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 33/Puu-Xiii/2015 Dikaitkan Dengan Pembatasan Politik Dinasti pada Pemilihan Kepala Daerah.
- Hamzah, H., M Narang, A., & Yusari, A. (2021). Legal systems in Indonesia: overview.
- Haryanti, A. (2019). Sistem Pemerintahan Daerah: Unpam Press.
- Hergianasari, P., Yanuartha, R. A., & Siaheinenia, R. R. Analysis of Political Dynasties in Indonesia Uses Pierre Bourdieu'S Theory. Available at SSRN 4382873. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4382873
- Heryanto, G. G. (2019). Literasi Politik: IRCiSoD.
- Hidayat, M. M. (2024). The 2024 general elections in Indonesia: Issues of political dynasties, electoral fraud, and the emergence of a national protest movements. IAS Journal of Localities, 2(1), 33-51. doi:https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6826-3409
- Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, (1945).
- Indrastuti, L., Pradoto, W. S., & Udjiwati, L. (2024). Democratic Political Law in Indonesia After Amendments to the 1945 Uud. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, 12(1), e2310-e2310. doi:https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v12i1.2310
- Isra, S., Ferdi, F., & Tegnan, H. (2017). Rule of Law and Human Rights Challenges in South East Asia: A Case Study of Legal Pluralism in Indonesia. Hasanuddin Law Review, 3(2), 117-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v3i2.1081
- Khan, M. M. R. (2021). Political state and the dilemma of dignity, equality and freedom: Evidence from a sovereign state. Dynamics of Politics and Democracy, 1(1), 29-37.
- Likadja, J. A. C. (2015). Memaknai “Hukum Negara (Law Through State)” dalam Bingkai “Negara Hukum (Rechtstaat)”. Hasanuddin Law Review, 1(1), 75-86.
- Mwesigwa, D. (2021). Towards enhancing local citizen participation in Uganda. Dynamics of Politics and Democracy, 1(1), 15-28.
- Nairobi, N., Santi, N. R., & Afif, F. Y. (2021). The impact of the quality of democracy on the economic growth of provinces in Indonesia. Journal of Governance and Accountability Studies, 1(2), 121-132.
- Perludem. (2023). Tafsir Serampangan, Inkonsistensi Logika, dan Konflik Kepentingan Mahkamah Konstitusi Dalam Putusan No.90/PUU-XXI/2023. Retrieved from https://perludem.org/2023/10/17/tafsir-serampangan-inkonsistensi-logika-dan-konflik-kepentingan-mahkamah-konstitusi-dalam-putusan-no-90-puu-xxi-2023/
- Permana, D. (2023). Political Dynasties in the Government System in Indonesia.
- Situmeang, T. (2024). The Authority Of The People's Consultative Assembly In Making Outward Regulating Provisions After The Amendment Of The 1945 Constitution. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, 12(2), 1-17.
- Smradhana, R. (2024). PANCASILA AS A LEGAL SYSTEM AND SOURCE OF NATIONAL LAW OF THE STATE OF INDONESIA. Available at SSRN 5250146. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5250146
- Stefanus, K. Y. (2021). Aspek-Aspek Hukum Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Pembentukan Peraturan Daerah Dan Peraturan Desa. JURNAL HUKUM PROYURIS, 3(1), 239-251.
- Strong, C. F. (1960). Modern political constitutions: an introduction to the comparative study of their history and existing form: Sidgwick & Jackson.
- Ulya, F. N., & Meiliana, D. (2023). Gibran Maju Pilpres 2024, Survei Litbang "Kompas": 60,7 Persen Responden Sebut Politik Dinasti. Retrieved from https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2023/10/23/12383821/gibran-maju-pilpres-2024-survei-litbang-kompas-607-persen-responden-sebut
- Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilihan Umum.
