Juridical analysis of the effectiveness of the investigation of Sailing Approval (SPB) violations at the Ditpolairud Riau Islands Police

https://doi.org/10.35912/dpd.v5i1.3393
Published: Aug 28, 2025

Abstract:

Purpose: This study analyzes the effectiveness of investigations into Sailing Approval (SPB) violations conducted by the Ditpolairud Riau Islands Police. It seeks to evaluate how well current law enforcement mechanisms ensure maritime safety and legal compliance under the Navigation Law.

Research methodology: The research employs a normative and empirical juridical approach. Data were collected from legislation, literature reviews, and in-depth interviews with investigators, Syahbandar officials, and maritime business operators. The findings were validated through triangulation and analyzed descriptively using John Rawls’ Theory of Justice, Friedman’s Legal System Theory, and Sudikno Mertokusumo’s Legal Certainty Theory.

Results: Investigations into SPB violations have been carried out in accordance with legal procedures, including coordination between Ditpolairud, Syahbandar, PPNS, and prosecutors. While enforcement actions have increased compliance, several challenges remain, such as limited resources, overlapping authority, legal gaps, maladministration, and low awareness among shipowners and fishermen. Digitalization of SPB documents and improved transparency in service fees were identified as key solutions.

Conclusions: The investigations are generally effective but still constrained by structural, substantial, and cultural barriers. Effective enforcement requires harmonized regulations, institutional synergy, technological integration, and public legal awareness to ensure maritime safety and compliance.

Limitations: This study is limited to the jurisdiction of the Riau Islands and relies on qualitative field interviews, without quantitative assessment of enforcement outcomes.

Contribution: The study contributes to maritime law by emphasizing justice, legal certainty, and system effectiveness in SPB investigations, while offering recommendations to improve institutional capacity, transparency, and regulatory alignment.

Keywords:
1. Ditpolairud
2. Effectiveness of Investigations
3. Sailing Approval
Authors:
1 . Ibrahim Sembiring
Batam University, Batam, Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia
2 . Fadlan Fadlan
Batam University, Batam, Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia
3 . Sayid Fadhil
Batam University, Batam, Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia
4 . Soerya Respationo
Batam University, Batam, Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia
5 . Siti Nurkhotijah
Batam University, Batam, Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia
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How to Cite
Sembiring, I., Fadlan, F., Fadhil, S., Respationo, S., & Nurkhotijah, S. (2025). Juridical analysis of the effectiveness of the investigation of Sailing Approval (SPB) violations at the Ditpolairud Riau Islands Police. Dynamics of Politics and Democracy, 5(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.35912/dpd.v5i1.3393
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Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): August
Articles
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References

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  1. Abbas, Nawi, S., Baharuddin, H., & Abas, I. (2021). A Legal Review of Sailing Approval Letter: Systems and Procedures. Jambura Law Review, 3(1), 124-138. doi:https://doi.org/10.33756/jlr.v3i1.9881
  2. Agustin, S. A. (2025). Analisis Kasus Kapal Run Zeng 03 di Indonesia: Implementasi Prinsip Common But Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR) dalam Illegal Fishing Lintas Negara. Referendum: Jurnal Hukum Perdata dan Pidana, 2(3), 15-26. doi:https://doi.org/10.62383/referendum.v2i3.969
  3. Amin, A. D. N., Rashdan, U., Mahadi, W. N. F. H. W., & Abdul, M. H. (2025). Environmental Injustice at Sea: The Impacts of Bilge Dumping on Indonesia's Coastal Communities. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 8(12), 3559-3568. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2024.8120297
  4. Ardian, R. (2023). John Rawls' Concept of Justice As Fairness and Its Relevance to the Meaning of Pancasila Social Justice. Paper presented at the Proceedings of International Conference on Islamic Community Studies.
  5. Dalimunthe, A. R., Lestari, A. D., & Meirany, J. (2023). Manajemen Risiko Keselamatan Pelayaran di Alur Pelayaran Sungai Kapuas dengan Metode Formal Safety Assessment (FSA). JeLAST: Jurnal Teknik Kelautan, PWK, Sipil, dan Tambang, 10(1), 1-6. doi:https://doi.org/10.26418/jelast.v10i1.62978
  6. Fadhilah, N. (2022). Proses Rekonstruksi dalam Upaya Mengungkap Tindak Pidana: Studi pada Polres Lampung Utara. Jurnal Hukum Legalita, 4(2), 225-236. doi:https://doi.org/10.47637/legalita.v4i2.668
  7. Fadlan, & Apridony. (2024). Normative Examination of the Considerations of Pre-Trial Judge on Distortion of the Value of the Instruments of Evidence. JPPI (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia), 10(3), 551-563. doi:https://doi.org/10.29210/020242836
  8. Faisal, Akhyar, A., & Marzuki. (2023). Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Pemalsuan Surat Persetujuan Berlayar (Studi Putusan Nomor 249/Pid. B/2021/PN Ktp). Jurnal Ilmiah Metadata, 5(3), 153-165. doi:https://doi.org/10.47652/jmh.v2i2.424
  9. Ginting, S. (2023). Pelayanan Penerbitan Surat Persetujuan Berlayar (SPB) pada Kantor Kesyahbandaran Kelas 1 Belawan Oleh PT. Pelayaran Grogol Sarana Utama Cabang Belawan. Journal of Maritime and Education (JME), 5(1), 446-448. doi:https://doi.org/10.54196/jme.v5i1.98
  10. Hagen, I. B., Vassbotn, O., Skogvold, M., Johansen, T. A., & Brekke, E. F. (2023). Safety and COLREG Evaluation for Marine Collision Avoidance Algorithms. Ocean Engineering, 288. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.115991
  11. Holland, E., Nuttall, P., Newell, A., Prasad, B., Veitayaki, J., Bola, A., & Kaitu’u, J. (2014). Connecting the Dots: Policy Connections between Pacific Island Shipping and Global CO2 and Pollutant Emission Reduction. Carbon Management, 5(1), 93-105. doi:https://doi.org/10.4155/cmt.13.78
  12. Julyano, M., & Sulistyawan, A. Y. (2019). Pemahaman Terhadap Asas Kepastian Hukum Melalui Konstruksi Penalaran Positivisme Hukum. Crepido, 1(1), 13-22. doi:https://doi.org/10.14710/crepido.1.1.13-22
  13. Parameshwara. (2023). Legal Implications of Placement Illegal Indonesian Migrants. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic and Practice Studies, 1(3), 241-248. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jomaps.v1i3.1580
  14. Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 28 Tahun 2022 tentang Tata Cara Penerbitan Surat Persetujuan Berlayar dan Persetujuan Kegiatan Kapal di Pelabuhan.
  15. Respationo, S. (2024). The Mayor of Batam Ex-Officio as Head of the Batam Concession Agency: Cross-Jurisdictional Authority and Legal Problems. Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum, 23(1), 539-553. doi:https://doi.org/10.31941/pj.v23i1.3591
  16. Rigel, M., Betlen, A., & Simanjuntak, M. (2024). Kepastian Hukum Terhadap Keamanan Investasi Bagi Pelaku Bisnis Pelayaran di Perairan Indonesia. Syntax Idea, 6(10), 6572-6591. doi:https://doi.org/10.46799/syntax-idea.v6i10.10013
  17. Rustam, I. (2017). Kebijakan Keamanan Maritim di Perbatasan Indonesia: Kasus Kejahatan di Laut Sulawesi - Laut Sulu. Journal of Political Research, 14(2), 161-177. doi:https://doi.org/10.14203/jpp.v14i2.717
  18. Salsabila, K. A., & Sumardiana, B. (2025). Analisis Terhadap Efektivitas Batas Waktu Penyidikan dalam KUHAP Kepada Perlindungan HAM Tersangka. Jurnal Analisis Hukum, 8(1), 11-24. doi:https://doi.org/10.38043/jah.v8i1.6096
  19. Sihombing, I., Erniyanti, Ramlan, & Respationo, S. (2024). Juridical Analysis of the Issuance of Sailing Approval Letters at the Municipal Office and Port Authority to Obtain Legal Certainty: Research Study on the Batam Special Port Authority and The Municipal Office. International Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law, 1(4), 24-38. doi:https://doi.org/10.62951/ijsw.v1i4.59
  20. Siregar, Y. M. P., Pieris, J., & Widiarty, W. S. (2025). Analisis Yuridis Penerbitan Surat Persetujuan Berlayar oleh Syahbandar Perikanan Berdasarkan Undang Undang Nomor 66 Tahun 2024 Tentang Perubahan Ketiga atas Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2008 Tentang Pelayaran. Jurnal Sosial Teknologi, 5(5), 1338-1353. doi:https://doi.org/10.59188/jurnalsostech.v5i5.32128
  21. Suwarno, A., & Idayanti, S. (2023). Tindak Pidana Nakhoda yang Berlayar Tanpa Memiliki Surat Persetujuan Berlayar dari Syahbandar. Pancasakti Law Journal (PLJ), 1(2), 345-356. doi:https://doi.org/10.24905/plj.v1i2.28
  22. Suyatno. (2023). Kelemahan Teori Sistem Hukum Menurut Lawrence M. Friedman Dalam Hukum Indonesia. IUS FACTI: Jurnal Berkala Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bung Karno, 2(1), 197-205. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.61802/if.v2i1%20Juni.447
  23. Thobroni, A. Y. (2017). Fikih Kelautan II Etika Pengelolaan Laut dalam Perspektif Al-Qur’an. Al-Fikra: Jurnal Ilmiah Keislaman, 7(2), 358-382. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/af.v7i2.3798
  24. Undang-undang (UU) Nomor 17 Tahun 2008 tentang Pelayaran.
  25. Yanuarto, T. (2023). Akibat Hukum Tidak Dilimpahkannya Turunan Surat Dakwaan Terhadap Terdakwa dan Penasehat Hukum. Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial dan Humaniora, 2(3), 11795-11807.