Legal analysis of civil law settlement in the perspective of criminal legal settlement (Case study of Military Court Decision I-05 Pontianak Number: 46K/PM.I-05/AD/IX/2021)

https://doi.org/10.35912/dpd.v5i1.3503
Published: Oct 1, 2025

Abstract:

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the interaction between civil law settlements and criminal law settlements in the Indonesian military justice system, focusing on the implications of Military Court Decision I-05 Pontianak Number 46K/PM. I-05/AD/IX/2021. This study explores the complexity of overlapping jurisdictions and their effects on the rights and obligations of the parties involved.

Research Methodology: The research method used is a conceptual approach with a normative analysis of laws and regulations, relevant legal practices, and library research. The conceptual approach is intended to analyze legal materials so that the meaning contained in legal terms can be understood.

Results: The findings show that criminal proceedings significantly influence civil dispute resolution, particularly in determining liability and shaping civil court decisions. Conversely, the outcomes of civil cases may also affect criminal proceedings when overlapping elements exist. This case study demonstrates how fraud rooted in debt relations blurs the boundaries between civil and criminal domains, creating legal uncertainty.

Conclusions: There is a strong need for harmonization and coordination between civil and criminal legal systems to prevent overlapping jurisdictions and ensure fairness. Integrating compensation claims into criminal trials can provide more efficient and comprehensive justice.

Limitations: This study is limited to a single military court decision, which may restrict generalization to other jurisdictions and legal contexts.

Contribution: This research contributes to legal scholarship by clarifying the interaction between civil and criminal dispute resolution and offers practical recommendations for policymakers, military judges, and practitioners to strengthen legal certainty and justice in Indonesia’s dual legal system.

Keywords:
1. Civil Legal Settlement
2. Coordination
3. Criminal Legal Settlement
4. Harmonization
5. Legal Interaction
Authors:
1 . Indra Jaya
Military Law College, Indonesia
2 . Parluhutan Sagala
Military Law College, Indonesia
3 . M. Ali Ridho
Military Law College, Indonesia
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How to Cite
Jaya, I., Sagala, P., & Ridho, M. A. (2025). Legal analysis of civil law settlement in the perspective of criminal legal settlement (Case study of Military Court Decision I-05 Pontianak Number: 46K/PM.I-05/AD/IX/2021). Dynamics of Politics and Democracy, 5(1), 21–33. https://doi.org/10.35912/dpd.v5i1.3503
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Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): August
Articles
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    Wirba, A. V. (2024). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): The Role of Government in promoting CSR. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 15(2), 7428-7454. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01185-0

    Zulfa, M. D., Raharjo, E., & Shafira, M. (2024). Policy formulation crime contempt of court based on the national criminal code. Dynamics of Politics and Democracy, 2(1), 37-48. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/dpd.v2i1.1969

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  2. Apriyani, R., Susanti, E., Erwinta, P., Sanata, K., & Sakur, M. (2024). Criminal Liability Arising from Medical Malpractice on Patients: A Review from the Perspective of Positive Law And Islamic Law. KRTHA BHAYANGKARA, 18(1), 85-106. doi:https://doi.org/10.31599/krtha.v18i1.2919
  3. Arifin, R., Wulandari, C., Utari, I. S., & Munandar, T. I. (2023). A Discourse of Justice and Legal Certainty in Stolen Assets Recovery in Indonesia: Analysis of Radbruch’s Formula and Friedman’s Theory. Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukurn dan Konstitusi, 6(2). doi:https://10.24090/volksgeist.v6i2.9596
  4. Aryani, F. D. (2024). The Judicial Policy of Ratio Decidendi regarding Corporate Criminal Liability towards Just Judgments. Indonesia Law Review, 14, 137. doi:https://doi.org/10.4335/21.2.441-469(2023)
  5. Diyani, A. F., Hidayat, A., & Saraswati, R. (2021). Application of Strict Liability Concept to Companies that Commit Crimes of Environmental Destruction. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 13(1). doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2021.V21.311-320
  6. Estiningtyas, A. R., Hasanah, U., & Windari, R. (2024). Comparison of the Legal Regulation of the Rechterlijk Pardon in Indonesia and the Netherlands. Jurnal Suara Hukum, 6(1), 162-186. doi:https://doi.org/10.26740/jsh.v6n1.p162-186
  7. Fauzia, A., & Hamdani, F. (2021). Legal Development Through the Implementation of Non-Conviction Based Concepts in Money Laundering Asset Recovery Practices in Indonesia. Paper presented at the 2nd International Conference on Law and Human Rights 2021 (ICLHR 2021).
  8. Guo, Z., Hao, J., & Kennedy, L. (2024). Protection path of personal data and privacy in China: Moving from monism to dualism in civil law and then in criminal law. Computer Law & Security Review, 52, 105928. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2023.105928
  9. Harahap, M. Y. (1985). Pembahasan Permasalahan dan Penerapan KUHAP Jilid I. Pustaka Kartini: Jakarta.
  10. Hussain, N., Khan, A., Chandio, L. A., & Oad, S. (2023). Individual criminal responsibility for the crime of aggression: the role of the ICC's Leadership Clause. Pakistan journal of humanities and social sciences, 11(1), 223-232. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v14-i2/20718
  11. Jabbar, M., Yusoff, M. M., & Shafie, A. (2022). Assessing the role of urban green spaces for human well-being: a systematic review. GeoJournal, 87(5), 4405-4423. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-021-10474-7
  12. Jamaludin, A. (2024). Problems of Determining Suspect Against a Deceased Person In The Investigation Process. Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities, 4(4), 810-819. doi:https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v4i4.464
  13. Jin, Y., Dewaele, J.-M., & MacIntyre, P. D. (2021). Reducing Anxiety in the Foreign Language Classroom: A Positive Psychology Approach. System, 101, 102604. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2021.102604
  14. Lamintang, P., & Samosir, C. D. (2010). Delik-Delik Khusus Kejahatan yang Ditujukan Terhadap Hak Milik dan Lain-lain Hak yang Timbul Clari Hak Milik. Bandung: CV. Nuansa Aulia.
  15. Lea, S. E. (2021). Debt and Overindebtedness: Psychological Evidence and its Policy Implications. Social Issues and Policy Review, 15(1), 146-179. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/sipr.12074
  16. Natamiharja, R. (2024). Peran Negara dalam Menjamin Kebebasan Berekspresi Menurut Konstitusi dan Hukum HAM. Kajian Ilmiah Hukum dan Kenegaraan, 4(1), 1-10. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/kihan.v4i1.4574
  17. Nunn, N. (2022). On the Dynamics of Human Behavior: The Past, Present, and Future of Culture, Conflict, and Cooperation. Paper presented at the AEA Papers and Proceedings.
  18. Nuzulianto, F. M., & Sukalumba, I. S. (2024). Analisis Dampak UU TNI 2025 Terhadap Potensi Terbentuknya Junta Militer. Jurnal Studi Ilmu Sosial dan Politik, 5(1), 43-54. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jasispol.v5i1.4481
  19. Padgett Walsh, K., & Lewiston, J. (2022). Human Capabilities and the Ethics of Debt. The Journal of Value Inquiry, 56(2), 179-199. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10790-020-09770-1
  20. Shcherbanyuk, O., Gordieiev, V., & Bzova, L. (2023). Legal nature of the principle of legal certainty as a component element of the rule of law. Juridical Tribune-Review of Comparative and International Law, 13(1), 21-31. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S1876404510100037
  21. Silaban, M. B. S., Idham, I., & Erniyanti, E. (2023). Analisis Yurudis Proses Penyidikan Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual Menurut Hukum di Indonesia: Analisis Teori Hukum Positif dan Teori Hukum Responsif. Kajian Ilmiah Hukum dan Kenegaraan, 1(2), 71-77. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/kihan.v1i2.1912
  22. Solanke, A. A. (2022). Explainable digital forensics AI: Towards mitigating distrust in AI-based digital forensics analysis using interpretable models. Forensic Science International: Digital Investigation, 42, 301403. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsidi.2022.301403
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  24. Supriyadi, A., & Rava?deh, A. (2024). Strengthening Muamalah Maliyah's Literacy Understanding of Online Transactions in Indonesia. Journal of Lslamic Economics and Bussines Ethics, 1(2), 108-124. doi:https://doi.org/10.24235/jiesbi.v1i2.130
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  26. Wirba, A. V. (2024). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): The Role of Government in promoting CSR. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 15(2), 7428-7454. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01185-0
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