Dynamics of Politics and Democracy

Historical Formation and Types of Corruption

2026-02-11T09:20:15+07:00

Purpose: This study aims to examine the dangerous manifestations of corruption in state and public governance, identify its primary forms, and explore mechanisms for prevention and control based on international best practices.

Research Methodology: The research employs synergistic, dialectical, analytical, and comparative methods, alongside generalization, synthesis, and retrospective analysis, to classify corruption types and evaluate their socio-economic impacts.

Results: Findings reveal that corruption manifests prominently through state capture, business capture, bribery, patronage networks, and lobbying. Bribery, as both an economic incentive and a means of cost reduction, is identified as one of the most pervasive and damaging practices, undermining institutional trust, eroding legality, and fostering negative economic selection mechanisms. Preventive measures such as integrity standards in public service and competitive remuneration are found to mitigate risks effectively.

Conclusion: Corruption operates as both a structural and behavioral phenomenon that distorts governance, weakens legal frameworks, and promotes inequity. Combating it requires systemic reforms, enhanced transparency, societal oversight, and the institutionalization of integrity norms.

Limitations: The study focuses primarily on theoretical analysis and classification, with limited empirical validation from case-specific data.

Contribution: This research enriches the academic discourse on corruption by integrating a classification framework with socio-economic impact assessment, offering policy-relevant insights for anti-corruption strategies in governance systems.

Policy Without Delivery: Administrative Coordination and Development Outcomes in Nigeria’s Multisector Development Plans, 2021–2025

2026-02-25T11:52:11+07:00

Purpose: This study examines how digital transformation influences the strategic capability of deposit money banks in Rivers State, Nigeria, particularly in light of persistent operational challenges despite significant digital investments.

Research Methodology: A survey research design was adopted. Data were collected from 91 managers and heads of departments across 15 deposit money banks using a proportionate sampling technique. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was employed to analyze the relationships between digital transformation variables and dimensions of strategic capability.

Results: The findings reveal that digital strategy and digital customer experience positively and significantly correlate with the three dimensions of strategic capability—strategic sensing, strategic seizing, and strategic reconfiguring (p < 0.01). This indicates that well-implemented digital transformation initiatives strengthen banks’ dynamic capabilities.

Conclusions: Digital transformation, when strategically aligned and customer-focused, enhances banks’ ability to sense opportunities, seize market advantages, and reconfigure resources effectively, thereby improving long-term competitiveness in a dynamic financial environment.

Limitations: The study is limited to deposit money banks in Rivers State and relies on cross-sectional survey data, which may limit generalizability and causal inference.

Contributions: This study contributes empirical evidence on the linkage between digital transformation and dynamic strategic capabilities in the Nigerian banking sector. It offers practical insights for bank executives to institutionalize clear digital strategies and continuously improve digital customer experience to achieve sustainable competitive advantage.

The Role of Trade Unions in Enhancing the Social Activism of Women in Society

2026-02-11T09:37:20+07:00

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the role of trade unions in enhancing women’s social activism in Uzbekistan, especially within the context of the “New Uzbekistan” development reforms. The focus is on initiatives that promote women's empowerment, employment, and crime prevention through targeted interventions.

Research Methodology: The research employs a qualitative-descriptive method using historical-legal, empirical, and statistical analysis. Data were collected from government decrees, official reports, local surveys, and public hearing outcomes in Bukhara region.

Results: The study finds that trade unions significantly contributed to resolving the issues of over 3.5 million women nationwide through employment facilitation, micro-loans, social protection, and entrepreneurship support. In Bukhara alone, over 209,000 women benefited from various union-supported programs. The case of a local woman who transitioned from unemployment to a successful business owner illustrates the transformational impact

Conclusion: Trade unions have proven to be a vital institutional force in advancing women’s rights, human dignity, and economic participation. Their public oversight role ensures sustainable empowerment at the grassroots level.

Limitations: The study is region-specific (Bukhara) and primarily descriptive, lacking comparative or longitudinal analysis across other regions or countries..

Contributions: This article enriches the discourse on gender, labor rights, and civil society by highlighting trade unions as a platform for systemic social change and localized empowerment of women

Impact Assessment of Presidential Regulation No. 17 of 2019 on Assets of Indigenous Papuan Entrepreneurs in Mimika Regency

2026-02-11T08:30:22+07:00

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the impact of Presidential Regulation No. 17 of 2019 on the assets of Indigenous Papuan (OAP) entrepreneurs in Mimika Regency, focusing on sustainability, participation, and challenges in procurement activities.

Research methodology: A qualitative descriptive approach was applied using interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman method, including data reduction, display, and conclusion drawing.

Results: Findings reveal that 71% of OAP entrepreneurs operate in construction, while 19% are engaged in goods and 10% in services. Most businesses have been operating for 4–6 years (33%). Despite high awareness of the regulation (81%), participation in procurement remains low, with 48% of respondents involved only sporadically. Key constraints include limited business capital (38%), lack of information (19%), and intense competition (19%). In terms of assets, cash capital dominates (71%), followed by business premises (52%), equipment (48%), and operational vehicles (43%). Procurement participation has positively influenced business assets, with 67% reporting increased capital and equipment, though 24% saw no significant improvement.

Conclusions: The regulation has had a positive effect on asset growth and business development of OAP entrepreneurs, yet implementation remains uneven. Enhanced information access, transparency in procurement, and stronger support in capital and training are needed for greater impact.

Limitations: The study is geographically limited to Mimika Regency and relies on descriptive qualitative data, which may restrict broader generalization.

Contribution: The research contributes empirical evidence on the link between national policy implementation and indigenous entrepreneurship development in Papua.

Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) on Grant Assistance Policy in Badung Regency

2026-02-11T10:24:06+07:00

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) of the Grant Aid Policy in Badung Regency.

Research methodology: This study uses a qualitative approach with the Regulatory Impact Assessment data analysis technique.

Results: The targeted outputs in this study are the analysis of the impact, costs and benefits of the Badung Regency grant aid policy which can be used as evaluation material for the government in implementing the Badung Regency grant aid policy. The policy recommendation is the second option, which is to improve the grant selection and reporting process. This option provides a balance between increasing policy effectiveness and implementation risk and supports the needs of Badung Regency to ensure more optimal and transparent policy benefits.

Conclusions: The study finds that Badung Regency’s grant aid policy supports culture, welfare, and local economy, but faces issues of efficiency, dependency, and coordination. While the e-Grant system improves transparency, further refinement is needed, with priority on strengthening grant selection and reporting.

Limitations: The study is limited by its qualitative RIA approach, focus on Badung Regency, and emphasis on short-term impacts, which restricts generalizability and overlooks long-term sustainability.

Contributions: This research contributes by applying RIA to evaluate local grant policies, emphasizing transparency, accountability, and risk management, while offering practical recommendations for more equitable and sustainable outcomes.