Developing model of the “Kita Bersaudara” to prevent bullying among primary school students

Purpose: The Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection (KPPPA) explained that three out of four children experienced bullying and reported that the perpetrators were their peers. Furthermore, they noted that two out of three children aged 13-17 years had experienced bullying. This fact is also reinforced by data collected by KPAI over five years; 34,908 bullying incidents occurred, 2,473 of which occurred at school. This indicates that bullying occurs massively in the school environment. Bullying is a damaging factor in children's growth and development; often, the background for bullying is due to students' lack of understanding of it and the lack of friendly relations between them. This research aims to develop a model in the “Kita Bersaudara,” which teachers can use to prevent bullying among students. This research adapts Borg and Gall's research and development, with the main research subjects being students. Methods: Data were collected using observation methods, interviews, and assessment sheets from experts to determine the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of this model. Result: This development model research shows that (1) teachers need a model based on friendship or brotherhood to educate students about bullying. (2) Assessment of the feasibility of our model showed a very high validity category, with an average value of 3.65 from the score. The maximum is 4.00, and practicality is considered very practical with an average score of 4.61, out of a maximum score of 5.00. (3) There is a significant difference in the number of bullying cases at the Primary School of Insan Cendekia Madani before and after model of the “Kita Bersaudara” was implemented.


Introduction
The development of science, technology, communication, and changing times has impacted various aspects of life, including education.In some conditions, the home/family environment, which should be an educational institution, plays less of a role in building children's character.Some parents have poor attention to their children; therefore, they do not have much time to pay attention to their children.The impact is that children are more educated on TV shows, YouTube, or other social media platforms without adults' control.
Wrong or incomplete parenting patterns give rise to poor social behaviors.For students at school, this behavior is often applied in the form of bullying.Bullying occurs because of an imbalance in the knowledge, experience, and power of each child.Students who are older or physically larger will usually feel superior, so they feel they can do arbitrary things to younger classmates.The bullying in question is an action that uses violence, threats, or coercion to hurt and intimidate.
Learning character values should not only be seen in cognitive values, but should also touch on internalization in students' daily real lives at school and when they mingle with society (Fitri, 2012).This is also confirmed by John S. Brubacher (2013), who explains that education is a process where human potentials, abilities, capacities that are easily influenced by habits are perfected with good habits using tools or media which are arranged in such a way and used by humans to help other people or themselves achieve set goals.Parsons (2009) explained that the failure to implement anti-bullying programs in schools was due to significant weaknesses not in the program but in the fact that the anti-bullying program was only inserted among the programs owned by the school.Anti-bullying programs are implemented outside the school curriculum, so they tend to be run for a short time, and no longer run due to lack of attention and control.These obstacles can be overcome by cultivating anti-bullying programs from within and without the foundation on which the curriculum is built.This must be embedded in the fundamental principles of all forms of relationship in schools, both between students and adults.
The Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI) received at least 37,381 bullying reports between 2011 and 2019.Of these, 2,473 allegedly occurred in the world of education.Meanwhile, KPAI data also noted that based on education level, the majority of cases occurred at the elementary school/equivalent level, namely 25 cases (67 %), five cases at the junior high school/equivalent level, six cases at the high school/equivalent level, and one higher education (PT).cases, and spread across dozens of districts/cities throughout Indonesia.At the beginning of 2019, on March 29, the news broadcast on several electronic media sources stated that there had been bullying by junior high school students in Pontianak, which was carried out by 12 high school students; in West Sumatra, at the beginning of February, a student at the Nurul Iklas Islamic Boarding School in Padang-panjang West Sumatra was beaten by 17 Islamic students until the victim was declared dead, even though the perpetrator and victim were declared to be minors, namely 15-16 years old.
Madani Scholars School accepts students from various backgrounds.In addition, their activities are often conducted together with other friends from across classes.It is noted that there are approximately 20 cases of bullying every month that occur in schools, both on a mild, moderate, and severe scale.One of the causal factors identified in each case was communication and the limitations of the buddy program implemented by the school.
Based on the above description, researchers are interested in conducting research on the implementation of the "Kita Bersaudara" model to prevent bullying among elementary school students.This research is important considering that the "Kita Bersaudara" model is a preventive effort to deal with the problem of bullying in order to improve services and the quality of education..

Understanding the "Kita Bersaudara" Model
The word model etymologically comes from the Italian language, namely modello, which can be interpreted from various dimensions, if from the noun then model is defined as a type or example, while from the adjective it can be understood as exemplary or taken as an example and finally from the verb it is understood as making with examples.In other words, an etymological model is an example.Furthermore, in the Big Indonesian Dictionary, a model is a pattern (e.g., reference, variety) of something that will be made or produced.Thus, it can be concluded that a model is an example of a pattern created to produce something.Udo (2022) further stated that a learning model is a conceptual framework that describes systematic procedures for organizing learning experiences to achieve certain goals and functions as a reference for learning designers and teachers in planning teaching and learning activities.A model is used as a reference for activities because it contains an orderly sequence of steps such that the process of achieving goals becomes more efficient.In relation to scientific efforts, a model is a way to understand the object that is the target of the science in question.Vygotsky (1986) explained that children learn actively through direct experience.He also mentioned that peers played an important role.He explained that learning is a process that cannot be separated from the social aspects.Learning occurs through interactions with other people.Learning will occur efficiently and effectively if children learn cooperatively in a supportive atmosphere and environment.In research written by Ekasari and Yuliyana (2012) explained that there is a positive relationship between peer support and self-control.Pervin and Begum (2022) further explained that peers are part of a microsystem so they can interact directly with children.In late childhood, children follow the standards or norms of their peers more than the norms at home or at school.These norms are the result of mutual agreement between fellow group members.As a result, the strength of a peer group can shape a child's character.

Development of the "Kita Bersaudara" Model
The development of the "Kita Bersaudara" model is an effort to realize the national goals of education in Law Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System.Several aspects must be prepared to implement the "Kita Bersaudara" model.This refers to Lineberry's theory, namely the formation of new organizational units and implementers, the translation of objectives into various implementing regulations (standard operating procedures/SOP), the coordination of various sources and expenditures among target groups, the division of tasks, and the allocation of resources to achieve the objectives.Failure to implement this model will be analyzed based on the location of the failure factors based on the opinion of Arif (2009), who states that these factors lie in policy formulation, implementation of personnel, and implementation of organizational systems.
Our model can be implemented using various approaches.The approach used in this research places greater emphasis on student mentoring activities.Upper-class students were grouped with lower-class students to carry out programmed interactions.This approach is in line with the SARBON Theory "Stimulus And Response Bond Theory" (2016) which views that learning is a process of reflexes or conditional responses through stimuli.According to Muhlisin (2008), humans are born with several reflexes and emotional reactions such as love, fear, and anger.All these behaviors are formed by the existence of a relationship between a stimulus and a new response through conditioning, so that learning can be seen as a way of instilling a number of bonds between stimuli and reactions in the nervous system.Berthold and Hoover (2000) explain that bullying is an abuse of power and aggressive behavior or that aims to hurt other people, which is carried out by colleagues repeatedly and involves an imbalance of power between the perpetrator and victim.Coloroso (2007) explained that bullying is a hostile act carried out consciously and deliberately with the aim of causing harm, such as frightening through threats and causing terror.This includes planned or unplanned actions against someone carried out by a child, individually or in a group.

Bullying Between Students
The American Psychological Association (APA) defines bullying as a form of aggressive behavior that is carried out intentionally and repeatedly to cause feelings of discomfort or injury to the victim.There are many definitions of bullying, especially those that occur in other contexts such as at home, workplace, society, and virtual communities.However, in this case, the focus was on the context of bullying among students at school.(Riauskina, Djuwita, & Soesetio, 2005)explained that bullying is aggressive behavior carried out repeatedly by students individually or in groups against other students who are weaker, with the aim of hurting the student.
According to Harris and Petrie (2003), the impact of bullying includes that both the victim and perpetrator can drop out of school.A perpetrator of bullying has the potential to commit to other criminal acts in the future.Similar to victims of bullying, their self-esteem feels violated, triggering them to do the same thing to other people or worse, namely, experiencing depression and mental disorders.
Apart from having an impact on the victim and perpetrator, bullying will also have an impact on other people who witness or know about the act.Witnesses tend to experience unpleasant feelings and psychological pressure.One can imagine the long-term impact of bullying on victims, perpetrators, and witnesses.Parents or schools should understand and take care not to remain silent when a student becomes a perpetrator, victim, or witness to bullying.

Relevant Research
Research conducted by Tzani-Pepelasi, Ioannou, Synnott, and McDonnell (2019), wrote about Peer Support at Schools: The Buddy Approach as a Prevention and Intervention Strategy for School Bullying, explained that the buddy program would have a positive impact on students, increasing their sense of friendship, security, belonging, and protection, as well as building a sense of responsibility, satisfaction, and pride.Ekasari and Yuliyana (2012), in their research entitled "Self-Control and Peer Support with Coping with Stress in Adolescents" explained that closeness between students can make them creative in their work.Students prefer to work with their peers rather than choose to fight or other negative things.
Research conducted by Pratiwi, Malaikosa, and Susanto (2022), titled "Implementation of Peer Tutoring in the Learning Activities of Class IV Students at SDN Paron" concluded that the use of the peer guidance method can make it easier for students to grow their competence with friends.Peers and students can also act as tutors, with peer guidance students feeling more confident without feeling embarrassed or hesitant to solve tasks given by the teacher.Peer guidance can guide students to respect each other and share and help friends who have difficulty understanding the lesson material.Wanggai (2022), in their research entitled "The Relationship Between Peer Social Support and the Self-Adjustment of Deaf Students in Inclusive Schools" explained that there is a significant relationship between peer social support and the self-adjustment of deaf students in inclusive schools.The relationship between these two variables is positive, which means that the higher the social support from peers, the higher the adjustment of deaf students in inclusive schools.This shows that even students who have great potential to experience bullying actually have a good impact when they have meaningful activities with their peers.
In the form of model development, research was written by Ikhsanah (2017)with the title "Implementation of the Buddy Program as a Solution to Reduce Bullying Behavior at Kalam Kudus Christian Elementary School, Yogyakarta" explained that the buddy program was implemented in the form of students becoming volunteers at the kindergarten level, morning devotions, ceremonies, extracurriculars, and MOS programs that were carried out together so that the results of these programs had an impact on reducing the level of bullying in the school.In her article entitled "Buddy Program for Elementary School," Leah Davies explains that pairing students with other friends can provide children with stimulating opportunities for learning and skill development.Even when older students serve as teachers, they are motivated to do their best.They also experienced pride in their ability to help.Younger children bond with older friends and friendships develop over time.
In general, little research has been conducted on this topic, especially in selecting the buddy program as an alternative instrument that is linked.The "Kita Bersaudara" program has a different concentration and approach from previous types of research, because the domain studied is more about interaction between students which is packaged in several types of learning programs that measurably provide positive input to each student, thus giving rise to good communication between them and ultimately stop their tendencies to engage in bullying (Hasibuan, Sumanti, & Rozi, 2023).

Types of research
This research was conducted at the Insen Scholar Madani Elementary School, a private school in Serpong District, South Tangerang City.This study used research, development, and R&D methods.Suharto, Japlani, and Ali (2021) explain that R&D is used to produce a product.Borg and Silalahi (2018) explained that development research is a process used to develop and validate development products.Development products in the education world can take the form of models, media, teaching aids, or modules.In this study, a product will be developed in the form of the "Kita Bersaudara" model for teachers and students.The population in this study was all students in classes I and IV of Insan Sendekia Madani Elementary School, totaling 121 people.
The research design model used in this study is the ADDIE research and development model (Analysis, Design, Development or Production, Implementation or Delivery and Evaluations), which aims to develop a model in the form of a sibling model and test aspects of its validity, practicality, and effectiveness as a step to prevent cases of bullying between students.The ADDIE model was developed by Dick and Carry in 1996 to design learning systems (Aldoobie, 2015).As the name suggests, this study consists of the following five stages: 1. Analysis At this stage, the analysis began with preliminary data collection, which was carried out at Insan Scholar Madani Elementary School in the form of a survey addressed to the principal, class IV teachers, and class IV students.The survey was conducted via Google Forms on July 20, 2023, in order to obtain some information regarding the phenomenon of bullying in schools.Based on the results of the survey, it is known that teachers need guidance in the form of a model to prevent cases of bullying between students.

Design
At this stage, the product design being created remains a draft or conceptual form that will later become the basis for the subsequent development process.The compiled model consists of several stages, including determining objectives, designing activities, creating an activity checklist, and creating evaluation tools.

Development
This stage is the realization of the product design being developed.The conceptual framework was incorporated into a product that is ready to be implemented.At this stage, validation was also carried out by several experts, namely material, language, and media/product experts.From the results of this validation, it can be seen whether this model is suitable for use.The assessment from experts determines the quality of the module before using an instrument in the form of a questionnaire.Furthermore, suggestions and inputs from experts were used as guidelines to improve the modules created.

Implementation
At this stage, the model design is implemented in real situations, namely, in several daily school activities.During the implementation, the developed model design was applied to actual conditions.After implementing the model, an initial evaluation was performed to provide feedback for the next application of the model.

Evaluation
The researcher explains the final results of the observations, including reviewing the results of the presentation with the initial hypothesis, and then provides a conclusion.This evaluation can be conducted using questionnaires or interviews.Evaluation includes students' perceptions or responses to the model being implemented as well as the perceived impact related to relationships between students.

Data collection technique 3.2.1 Observation Technique
According to Subagyo (1991), observation is an observation carried out deliberately and systematically regarding social phenomena with psychological symptoms, and then recorded.Through this observation stage, the author wanted to explore data regarding the potential for bullying that occurs among students, including: a. Forms of negative relationships in the elementary school environment.Monitor and identify forms of negative interactions with children inside the school as well as monitor and identify forms of negative interactions with children outside school.b.The level of parental or family attention paid to the child's social development outside of school activities, such as monitoring the child's learning progress at school, monitoring the child's learning progress outside school, knowing the close friends the child has at school, and knowing the close friends the child has outside school.

Questionnaire Technique
It is a technique for collecting data by giving written questions or queries to respondents to answer (Syarif & Riza, 2022).A questionnaire was given to the validator to obtain data in the form of a research sheet on the model being developed.The questionnaire used a graded scale as well as a comment and suggestion sheet.

Interview Techniques
Yahya and Yani (2023) explain that interviews are used as a data collection technique by researchers to find problems to be researched.Interviews can also be used to find things from respondents in greater depth on a smaller scale.An interview is a conversation with a specific purpose carried out by both parties, namely, the interviewer who asks questions and the interviewer who provides answers to those questions.The interview technique used by researchers is a systematic interview technique, namely interviews that lead to guidelines that have been formulated based on the needs of data mining in research.

Research Instrument
The instruments used for data collection in this study were expert validation sheets, questionnaires, interviews, and observation guide sheets.An expert validation sheet was used to determine the suitability of the module developed for application.Questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data and to determine the feasibility of the product being developed.Interview guidelines were used to obtain initial information and results from the model application.Observation sheets were used to observe developments in the object being observed.The research instrument was prepared based on Walker and Hess's (2011) opinion Arsyad (2011)regarding module assessment criteria, based on quality.The research instrument was modified according to the researcher's requirements.The researcher divided the research instrument into five items: material and language expert validation sheet, media/product expert validation sheet, questionnaire grid, and observation guidelines.

Data analysis technique
Data analysis changes the data resulting from research into information from which conclusions can be drawn.In this study, data analysis techniques were used to determine the problem formulation.In this study, data analysis is divided into the analysis of module validity, practicality, and effectiveness.

Data analysis of the validity level of the "Kita Bersaudara" Model
In this case, the data analysis technique used is a descriptive data analysis technique that describes the level of validity and practicality of our models.The data analysis used was the result of validation tests by material experts, language experts, and field tests by teachers on students, with score range 1-4.To determine the percentages, we used the following calculation: The results of the feasibility percentage were used to provide answers regarding the feasibility of the aspects studied.According to Kurikulum and Arikunto (2006), eligibility can be classified into four categories.This scale focused on the percentage number range.The maximum expected value is 100% and the minimum is 0%, with the following range:

Data analysis on the level of effectiveness of the "Kita Bersaudara" Model
Effectiveness testing uses the N-Gain formula to determine the impact or number of bullying incidents at the beginning and the impact or number of bullying incidents after the model is applied, so that it can be used as a reference in drawing conclusions.The N-Gain formula defined by Hakke is as follows:

Needs Analysis of the "Kita Bersaudara" Model
Based on the results of direct observations by researchers at the Insan Scholar Madani Elementary School, the researchers found that there were still many cases of bullying among students at school.Schools are not comprehensive enough to prepare preventive measures to prevent bullying.From the results of the interviews with students, teachers, and school principals, it is clear that almost 50% of the students had experienced bullying.Levels of bullying and motives vary.These three sources also convey the need for a model to educate students to avoid bullying, whether they are perpetrators or victims.Referring to school data regarding bullying that occurs in schools, almost every week, there are cases of bullying at school: From the table above, it can be concluded that the occurrence of bullying in schools is due to students' lack of understanding of the problem of bullying and the lack of interaction between lower-and upperclass students.This means that, in the process, schools need a special model so that they can have more space to apply positive social communication and understand the problem of bullying more deeply.

Development Needs
Based on the ideal picture and the results of empirical studies, several things were found to underlie the need for the development of the "Kita Bersaudara" model.1. Students' understanding of the bullying problem was low.This is very important for students as a provision for them to socialize with their environment.2. The interaction between upper-class students and lower-class students is still minimal, so there is not yet a strong bond of brotherhood between seniors and juniors.In fact, many of them do not know each other.3. The school does not yet have a specific model for bridging upper-class students to play an active role in mentoring upper-class students as a step so that they can understand each other and provide benefits to each other.

Prototype Development of the "Kita Bersaudara" Model
To facilitate the development of the model that will be carried out, the researcher prepares a prototype in which the stages that will be passed will be structured such that when revisions are still needed regarding the model that will be produced, it can be evaluated again and can even be evaluated starting from the initial process (Nirmalasari & Minai, 2023).The approach used to compile a prototype for developing our model involves a synergistic relationship between researchers and data sources.The description of the prototype prepared by the researcher is as follows.
•There is rampant bullying between students •Lack of students' understanding of the impact of bullying •Lack of students' understanding of procedures for handling bullying •Literature review •Teachers need a guidebook in implementing student fraternity programs

Level of Validity of the "Kita Bersaudara" Model
The validation process for the "Kita Bersaudara" teacher's guidebook goes through a validation process from experts.The following are the results of the validation tests from experts regarding material, language, and product validity tests.The average validity value of the expert assessment sheet is x = 3.80 or falls into the very valid category; thus, in general, the content of the material in this model meets the validity criteria to be used.The average validity value of the expert assessment sheet is x = 3.78 or falls into the very valid category; thus, in general, the language used in this model meets the validity criteria to be used.The average validity value of the expert assessment sheet is x = 3.78 or falls into the very valid category; thus, in general, this product or model has met the validity criteria to be used.In general, based on the validation carried out by practitioners, this model is valid and meets the eligibility criteria; therefore, it can be applied in schools.

Level of Practicality of "Kita Bersaudara" Model
The level of practicality of the "Kita Bersaudara" model is based on a questionnaire of teacher and student responses regarding the practicality of the teacher and student guidebooks.This questionnaire was administered to a sample of 20 students and 20 teachers.From the above data, it can be concluded that the model in the form of the "Kita Bersaudara" guidebook is in the very practical category.Thus, the "Kita Bersaudara" model as a model for preventing bullying among students is relevant and can be easily applied by teachers in elementary schools.

Level of Effectiveness of the "Kita Bersaudara" Model
The data analysis technique was used to evaluate and determine the impact of the "Kita Bersaudara" method in preventing bullying.The aim of the N-gain test is to determine the effectiveness of using a model in research.The N-Gain test was conducted by calculating the difference between the pre-test and post-test scores to determine whether this model is effective in preventing bullying among students.The table above shows that our sibling model is effective in preventing bullying among students.The biggest points are points 6 and 9, which means that students are more open to other people when they experience bullying.Students can feel more about the teacher's role in discussing the bullying incidents they see.

Prototype Development of the "Kita Bersaudara" Model
The "Kita Bersaudara" model which will be operational in this research is based on the principles of model development, the results of analysis of the phenomenon of bullying in schools obtained through observations, interviews and questionnaires for students and teachers.The prototype of this model generally contains a teacher's guidebook and student journal.The teacher's guidebook, developed to prevent bullying among students, consists of six parts: 1. Classification of bullying data in schools This section takes the form of a student questionnaire sheet and data held by the school regarding cases of bullying that have occurred.These two sets of data are used by teachers to carry out initial mapping regarding student placement.

Student Mapping
Mapping was carried out using a questionnaire to determine students' learning styles and tendencies.Furthermore, the results of this mapping were used as the main basis for forming student groups between upper and lower classes.

Determining Goals or Targets
The "Kita Bersaudara" program is an effort to create a safe and comfortable learning environment and atmosphere for students, while its main aim is as a preventive measure to prevent bullying among students.This general goal is then reduced to specific targets whose hopes can be met within a certain period.Next, these targets are formulated as indicators of learning achievement, which contain the following: 1. Understand the meaning of brotherhood/friendship In this case, the teacher conveys material about the meaning of brotherhood/friendship to the students.Next, students had the opportunity to express their opinions regarding brotherhood/friendship.Students then evaluate the condition of friendship between them.2. Understand the role of a younger sibling or older sibling The steps taken are that students fill out the activity form, take turns arranging assignments, upper class students help serve lower class students in preparing food, and students observe each other's students, such as ablution activities, prayer, playing, and so on.Students engaged in collaborative activities with their friends.

Understand the meaning of bullying
The teacher delivers material about bullying to the students, and all students have the opportunity to express their opinions regarding bullying material.Students also have the opportunity to make observations with their friends.4. Understand the impact of bullying The teacher delivered material on the impact of bullying on all students.All students also had the opportunity to express their opinions about the impact of bullying that they may have experienced.

Practice playing procedures together
Students agree regarding playing rules, especially when playing between levels.Next, the students discuss the types of games that they will play together.6.Take an active role in anti-bullying campaigns At this stage, the teacher acts as a facilitator, and the core material is delivered by upper-class students.Each student could provide their opinions and ideas.

Understand how to deal with bullying
The teacher delivered materials on how to deal with bullying.Next, students simulated how to deal with bullying.Upperclassmen act as facilitators and provide reports on problems that occur in their group.

Level of Validity of the "Kita Bersaudara" Model
From the results of the material, language, and product validity tests, highly valid results were obtained.This means that the "Kita Bersaudara" model, which functions to prevent bullying among students in elementary schools, is very relevant for teachers.According to Sugiharto ( 2006), validity is related to a variable that measures what should be measured.Validity in research refers to the degree of accuracy of research measuring instruments to the actual content being measured.A validity test is used to show the to which the measuring instrument is used to measure what is being measured.A high validity indicates that the instrument is effective in measuring the concept or variable in question.This module provides a very large portion of the role of students towards other students to educate each other to prevent bullying.This is in line with the results of research by Jenkins, Goodness, and Buhrmester (2002) which shows that during adolescence the closeness of students' relationships with their peers increases drastically, and at the same time the closeness of teenagers' relationships with their parents decreases drastically."Students spend more of their time with their friends than with their parents.

Level of Practicality of "Kita Bersaudara" Model
What is meant by "practical model" is a model device that is easy to use and can be utilized by educators and students.The practicality results using teacher and student questionnaires were 86.20%, so it can be concluded that the model in the form of the "Kita Bersaudara" guidebook is in the very practical category.In addition, the developed model is easy to apply to teachers.In line with Van den Akker's opinion, quoted by Haviz (2016), the practicality of a development product refers to the user liking and being able to use it easily under normal conditions.The opinion from the research results of Bahri (2016) states that a model is said to be practical if the results of the practicality test of the model developed receive a positive response from teachers and students, namely the minimum practical criteria.

Level of Effectiveness of the "Kita Bersaudara" Model
Effectiveness in this case is a positive change from the sample taken through the questionnaire before the implementation of the "Kita Bersaudara" model and afterward.As explained by Kurniawan (2013), effectiveness is the relationship between output and the goals or targets that must be achieved.It is said to be effective if the activity process achieves the final policy goals and objectives.In this case, after testing the effectiveness of 10 variables using the N-Gain formula, the "Kita Bersaudara" Model obtained an average change of 43.36 points with the maximum point change being 70.00 and the minimum point being 10.00 so it can be concluded that this module is very effective in preventing bullying among students in elementary schools.This is in accordance with Wanggai (2022), who states that the greater the results obtained, the greater the level of effectiveness.
Sullivan, quoted by Santrock (2003), stated that it is through interactions between friends that children learn about relationship patterns and reciprocity and equality.Children explore the principles of honesty and justice by overcoming disagreements with their friends and learn to carefully observe their friends' interests and views to facilitate the process of integrating themselves into ongoing friendship activities.Sullivan added the reason that teenagers learn to be friends who have the ability and are sensitive to closer relationships by creating closer friendships with selected friends.Students are also more open to other people around them when there are indications of bullying they have experienced.Furthermore, students also feel that the role of teachers around them is more open in talking about the indications of bullying that occur around them.The novelty of this model is the emphasis on the "Kita Bersaudara" model, which makes friendship between students the main variable in responding to the bullying phenomenon that occurs in schools.Many researchers discuss the phenomenon of bullying, but not many choose a friendship approach in an effort to prevent it.Moreover, older students can be used to become mentors in daily activities and even as mentors when playing together.

Level of Validity of the "Kita Bersaudara" Model
The "Kita Bersaudara" model is valid at a valid level.Three things are tested by two expert validators: the material validity test, language validity test, and material validity test.Based on the results of the validity test, this model is suitable for use by teachers and students to support school programs in an effort to prevent bullying among students.4. Level of Practicality of the "Kita Bersaudara" Model There are two forms of Model "Kita Bersaudara" 'sproducts, namely in the form of a teacher's guidebook and a student journal.After testing, both were considered practical when used by teachers and students.This means that teachers and students do not experience serious difficulties in applying this model.5. Level of Effectiveness of the "Kita Bersaudara" Model The "Kita Bersaudara" model is an effective way to encourage positive relationships or brotherhood between students to instill social and emotional learning, as well as a preventative step in preventing bullying among students.While not all sibling relationships are positive, with adequate planning and supervision, teachers and school leaders can ensure that friendship relationships remain constructive for fostering important socialization skills that early childhood students may lack.The "Kita Bersaudara" model can be a powerful tool for older and younger students to develop social and emotional skills.Teachers can choose other skills that older students want to model and work with their friends.Teachers can even align their activities to practice specific skills.When younger students see their peers modeling these behaviors, the impact can be greater than in any lesson plan.

Suggestions 1. Advice for teachers and schools
Therefore, a supportive environment is needed to create conducive teaching and learning processes.
Students are one of the main variables that make this happen.If students are ready to learn, everything programmed by the teacher or school will be easier to complete.For this reason, teachers or schools need to apply this module so that the learning atmosphere can be better conditioned.Younger students benefit the most from this model, although older students can experience tremendous growth through this experience.Lower-class students who do not have good social skills can be embraced by other students by becoming mentors for younger students.This relationship motivates students to improve their behavior.

Suggestions for future researchers
It is hoped that research and development on this topic will continue to be studied in order to obtain a more comprehensive model that provides a broad perspective to equip students with knowledge about bullying and make them part of a team that plays an active role in preventing bullying.

Suggestions for the Government
The rapid growth of these times has given rise to new cultures and habits among students.Even the various types of bullying that occur are carried out in ways that have not been done before.Solving the problem of bullying is not sufficient if it is only done by counseling or enforcing the rules.However, it is necessary to involve students to be able to play an active role in monitoring the interactions of their friends around them.Therefore, this model can be a reference for preparing learning plans that apply to educational institutions throughout Indonesia.

Table 1 .
Sugiyono (2018)dity test value Data analysis on the practicality level of the "Kita Bersaudara" Model Practicality data analysis was obtained from students' practicality test sheets.Product assessments based on questionnaires filled out by practitioners were analyzed to determine the level of practicality of the product being developed.The scoring for each indicator used a Likert scale.Practicality analysis uses a Likert scale with the following steps.Determine product practicality criteria After the percentage of practicality value is obtained, grouping is carried out according to the criteria ofSugiyono (2018), as shown in the following table:

Table 2 .
Test of the practicality of the "Kita Bersaudara" Model

Table 3 .
Interpretation of normalized score gain

Table 5 .
Data on Bullying at Madani Scholar Elementary School The data above show that the tendency of students to bully is quite intense, especially in Class 1 and Class 4 students.The forms of bullying that occur are diverse, starting with physical or verbal bullying.Next, a needs analysis was conducted by interviewing 20 teachers and 20 students at the Insan Scholar Madani Elementary School.From the results of the interviews, the following conclusions were drawn:

Table 6 .
Student Interview Results

Table 8 .
Material Validity Test

Table 9 .
Language Validity Test

Table 10 .
Product Validity Test / Model Form

Table 11 .
Model Use Questionnaire / Handbook

Table 12
Kita Bersaudara" model is really needed to prevent bullying among students in elementary schools, for several reasons: students' understanding of the problem of bullying is still low, interaction between upper-class students and lower-class students is still very minimal, and elementary schools in general do not have a specific model.inbridgingupper-class students to play an active role in mentoring lower-class students as a step so that they can understand each other and provide benefits to each other.2.Prototype Development of the "Kita Bersaudara" ModelThis model is based on the principles of model development and the results of the analysis of bullying in schools obtained through observations, interviews, and questionnaires for students and teachers.The prototype of this model generally contains a teacher's guidebook and student journal.