Annals of Human Resource Management Research

A model of student smoking cessation behavior based on pictorial health warnings as an intervening variable

Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This research examines smoking cessation among students at seven universities following pictorial health warnings under Government Regulation No. 28 of 2024 on Tobacco Control. Using the Theory of Planned Behavior, it analyzes how attitudes toward smoking’s health impacts and perceived behavioral control influence smoking cessation through pictorial warnings as an intervening variable, aiming to foster a healthier Indonesian society.

Research Methodology: This quantitative study used purposive sampling with 200 student respondents who quit smoking at seven universities in Soloraya. Data were collected through surveys and interviews, analyzed using item validity, reliability, goodness-of-fit, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test variable influences, with moderating analysis conducted via AMOS 21.

Results: The results of quantitative research showed that two independent variables directly influenced students' smoking cessation behavior, with attitude having a dominant influence. Pictorial health warnings acted as an intervening variable.

Conclusions: The research concludes that attitude values and perceived behavioral control significantly influence students’ smoking cessation behavior. It highlights the need for government regulation, increased tobacco excise, and family support, with recommendations for further research on broader smoking cessation models.

Limitations: The study’s subjects were limited to students who quit smoking at seven universities in Soloraya. Future research should include students across Central Java or nationwide and enhance the model by adding moderating variable tests for broader applicability and deeper analysis.

Contribution: This study reinforces the Theory of Planned Behavior by introducing pictorial health warnings as an intervening variable and urges the Indonesian Ministry of Health to expand warning displays to enhance fear and awareness of smoking’s negative health impacts.

The role of grit and self-efficacy in teacher engagement and burnout

Nor Lailla, Don Gusti Rao, Luqman Hakim, Wawan Sadtyo Nugroho — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of grit and self-efficacy on work engagement, to identify the relationship between grit and self-efficacy, and to determine how work engagement affects burnout.

Research Methodology: This uses a quantitative approach with a type of study. Population in the study: This is a vocational school teacher in seven schools in Jakarta, Bogor, Tangerang, Depok, and South Tangerang. The sample was determined using non-probability sampling techniques, especially convenience sampling. The number of respondents is as many as 107. Data collection techniques use Google Forms. Data analysis techniques using SmartPLS.

Results: The results show a positive influence of grit on work engagement, a positive influence of self-efficacy on work engagement, a positive relationship between grit and self-efficacy, and a negative influence of work engagement on burnout.

Conclusions: This study concludes that grit and self-efficacy positively influence work engagement, with teachers displaying greater emotional, cognitive, and physical involvement in their work. Grit also enhances self-efficacy, which strengthens engagement, ultimately reducing burnout. These findings emphasize the importance of fostering perseverance and confidence to improve workplace health and productivity in education.

Limitations: This study discusses the variables of grit, self-efficacy, work engagement, and burnout. However, there are still many other factors that influence teacher engagement and work burnout, such as principal leadership, organizational support for work-life balance, or other external factors.

Contribution: This research suggests that grit and self-efficacy have an important role in work engagement and reducing burnout in teachers, as well as being the basis for developing teacher welfare, especially in Indonesia.

Strengthening green transformational leadership through green organizational culture and green self-efficacy to improve employee green behavior in sustainable organization

Khalilah Daud Isaac Makhmut; Ainur Rahim Setiawan; Sarti Anjelika Manune — Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study investigates the influence of green transformational leadership (GTL) on employee green behavior (EGB) in the hospitality sector of East Java, Indonesia, mediated by green self-efficacy (GSE) and green organizational culture (GOC). Addressing inconsistencies in prior research, the study aims to clarify how leadership and organizational factors collectively foster pro-environmental behaviors in sustainable tourism organizations.

Research Methodology: This study used a quantitative explanatory survey involving 340 employees from 368 starred hotels in East Java. Samples were selected using the Slovin formula, and data were analyzed using PLS-SEM with SmartPLS 4.0 to examine GTL, GSE, GOC, and EGB relationships.

Results: The study reveals three key findings: (1) GTL significantly enhances both GSE and GOC, with stronger effects on GOC (path coefficient = 0.852); (2) GSE and GOC partially mediate the relationship between GTL and EGB, with GOC exhibiting a stronger mediating role (path coefficient = 0.389); and (3) GTL directly influences EGB, though its indirect effects through mediators are more pronounced.

Conclusions: The findings underscore the pivotal role of GTL in shaping employees' confidence and organizational culture to drive green behaviors. Organizations should prioritize leadership development and cultural initiatives to align sustainability goals with daily practices.

Limitations: The study is geographically confined to East Java’s hospitality sector and relies on self-reported data, which may introduce bias. Future research could expand to other regions and industries while incorporating longitudinal designs.

Contribution: This study advances theoretical understanding by integrating GSE and GOC as mediators in the GTL-EGB relationship. Practically, it offers actionable insights for fostering sustainable workplaces through leadership and cultural interventions.

Integrating digital recruitment and employer branding into strategic HRM to foster employee retention through perceived organizational support

Mon, 08 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study examines how Digital Recruitment and Employer Branding influence Employee Retention through Perceived Organizational Support (POS), addressing gaps in strategic HRM research regarding the integrated role of digital hiring and employer branding.

Research Methodology: A cross-sectional survey involving 200 employees from digitally mature Indonesian organizations was analyzed using PLS-SEM with 5,000 bootstrapped subsamples. The measurement model showed strong reliability and validity (? > .86; CR > .88; AVE > .54), and structural testing evaluated five direct hypotheses and mediation effects.

Results: Employer Branding significantly predicts POS and retention, whereas Digital Recruitment enhances POS but shows no direct effect on retention. POS strongly predicts retention and fully mediates the Digital Recruitment–Retention relationship while partially mediating the Employer Branding–Retention link. The structural model explains 43% of POS variance and 51% of retention, supported by medium–large effect sizes and positive Q² values.

Conclusions: The findings confirm POS as the key psychological mechanism through which modern HR practices translate into retention outcomes. Employer Branding drives retention both directly and indirectly, while Digital Recruitment contributes indirectly via POS.

Limitations: Cross-sectional data limit causal inference, and the digital-sector sample restricts generalizability.

Contribution: The study integrates digital recruitment and employer branding within one strategic HRM framework and establishes Digital Recruitment as an empirical antecedent of POS, reinforcing POS’s centrality in digital-era retention strategies.

Motivation, discipline, and competence: Improving employee performance at the Jayapura Regency Office

Latif Karim; Henderina Morin; Roland E. Binur — Mon, 08 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study aims to examine the influence of motivation, discipline, and competence on employee performance at the Jayapura Regency Office.

Methodology/approach: The research employed a quantitative approach, involving 51 employees from various departments within the Jayapura Regency Office. Data were collected through structured surveys and analyzed using multiple regression analysis with Partial Least Squares (PLS) to assess the relationship between the independent variables (motivation, discipline, and competence) and the dependent variable (employee performance).

Results/findings: The analysis revealed that motivation and discipline have significant positive effects on employee performance, with motivation showing the strongest impact. However, competence was found to have no significant direct effect on employee performance in this organizational context.

Conclusion: The study concludes that motivation and discipline are critical factors in enhancing employee performance at the Jayapura Regency Office, while competence alone does not directly improve performance. These findings suggest that organizational leaders should prioritize strategies to boost employee motivation and enforce discipline, while also considering how to better leverage employee competencies through supportive work environments and systems.

Limitations: A key limitation of this study is its focus on a single government office, which may restrict the generalizability of the findings to other organizational contexts. Additionally, the use of self-reported data may introduce response biases, and the cross-sectional design prevents establishing causal relationships.

Contribution: This study contributes to public sector management by revealing how motivation, discipline, and competence differently affect employee performance, offering practical guidance for government institutions to improve productivity through targeted motivational, disciplinary, and competence-enabling interventions strategies.

Impact of human resources and organizational characteristics on public service standards for BPJS Health patients in Kupang City

Yohanes Ariyanto Seno; Apris Adu; Maria Magdalena Lino; Hendrik Toda — Tue, 09 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the impact of human resources and organizational characteristics on the implementation of public service standards for BPJS Health patients at Prof. Dr. W.Z. Johannes General Hospital and Siloam Hospital in Kupang City. BPJS Health is Indonesia's national health insurance program, which provides universal health coverage to its citizens.

Research Methodology: The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys with BPJS Health patients and qualitative interviews with hospital management and staff. Data were analyzed using statistical methods to compare service standards between the two hospitals and thematic analysis to explore underlying organizational factors.

Results: The study identifies significant disparities in the application of public service standards between the two hospitals, influenced by differences in human resource competencies, organizational culture, and management practices. Key findings highlight challenges in service efficiency, patient satisfaction, and adherence to regulatory requirements.

Conclusions: The research concludes that human resource quality and organizational characteristics critically shape the delivery of public health services. Strengthening competencies, improving management systems, and fostering a patient-centered culture are essential for enhancing service standards.

Limitations: The study focuses on two hospitals in Kupang City Prof. Dr. W.Z. Johannes General Hospital and Siloam Hospital to compare public and private healthcare settings. However, limiting the sample to two institutions and relying on self-reported patient data may reduce generalizability and introduce potential bias.

Contribution: This study contributes to public health management by emphasizing the role of human resources and organizational dynamics in achieving equitable and high-quality healthcare services. The findings offer actionable insights for policymakers and hospital administrators to optimize BPJS Health service delivery.

Big Five Personality Traits and executive meta-competencies: Implications for Strategic decision making

Fauzan Fadli; Nazifah Husainah; Maswanto Maswanto — Tue, 09 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the relationship between Big Five Personality Traits and strategic decision-making effectiveness at the executive level, while exploring the role of intrinsic meta-competencies that emerge when leaders face moments of isolation and make decisions independently.

Methodology/approach: Using a mixed-methods design, the study applies Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Data sources include Big Five personality assessments of 50 senior executives and in-depth interviews with eight directors from various strategic industries.

Results: Findings reveal that openness to experience and conscientiousness consistently correlate with reflective, structured, and visionary decision-making patterns. The study also identifies that intrinsic meta-competencies such as productive solitude, deep reflection, and resilience in isolation enhance the positive manifestation of these personality traits.

Conclusion: The research provides a conceptual foundation for developing a more holistic talent development and succession planning framework, integrating personality traits and internal capacities often overlooked in leadership assessments.

Limitations: The study focuses on senior executives in strategic industries, limiting generalizability to other leadership levels or sectors. Additionally, qualitative methods may introduce subjective interpretations.

Contribution: This study contributes to leadership psychology and talent management by highlighting the interplay between personality, meta-competencies, and decision-making. It offers practical insights for executive coaching, leadership development programs, and organizational succession planning.

Work environment as mediator between workload and health worker performance

Hamsal Hamsal, Nurman Nurman, Zulfadli Hamzah, Muhammad Arif, Al Sukri — Wed, 10 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the impact of workload on the performance of healthcare workers, both directly and through the mediation of the work environment, at UPTD Puskesmas Batang Gansal.

Research Methodology: This study employed a quantitative method using the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) approach, involving all 103 healthcare workers at UPTD Puskesmas Batang Gansal as a saturated sample. Data were collected through questionnaires, observation, and interviews. The questionnaire employed a Likert scale (1–5), and the data were analysed using SmartPLS 3.0 software.

Results: The research findings indicate that workload does not directly affect the performance of healthcare workers, but it significantly impacts the work environment. Additionally, the work environment has been proven to act as a mediator connecting workload and performance, meaning that a conducive work environment can maintain performance even with a high workload.

Conclusions: This study shows that workload does not directly affect employee performance, but has an indirect effect through the work environment as a key mediating factor. A supportive work environment enables high performance despite heavy workloads.

Limitations: This research is limited to healthcare workers at the Batang Gansal Public Health Centre (UPTD Puskesmas Batang Gansal), with cross-sectional data collected through questionnaires, which makes the results less representative of other institutions and susceptible to subjective bias.

Contribution: This research demonstrates that managing workload while improving the work environment is crucial to maintaining productivity.

Factors influencing Generation Z’s intention to apply for jobs

Wed, 10 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: The objective of this research is to examine factors that attract labor, such as worker status, working conditions and environment, and career development opportunities, and to analyze their impact on Generation Z's intentions in deciding to apply for a job.

Methodology: This research uses a quantitative research method with a survey questionnaire technique and purposive sampling. The data analysis reduces the independent variables into four main factors: company support, work environment, work flexibility, and financial compensation.

Results: The results of the SEM-PLS analysis show that not all factors have the same level of influence on Generation Z’s intention to apply for jobs. Among the four variables examined, only work flexibility and the work environment demonstrate a significant effect, while compensation and management support do not show a significant impact.

Conclusions: The results show that Generation Z’s intention to apply for jobs is significantly influenced by work flexibility and the work environment, while compensation and management support have no significant effect. This indicates that Generation Z prioritizes non-financial aspects, especially work–life balance and a supportive, technology-oriented work environment.

Limitations: The study has limitations in its use of convenience sampling techniques with a relatively small number of respondents and its focus on Generation Z in Bandung City, so the results cannot yet be widely generalized.

Contribution: Given the results, managers are advised to prioritize offering competitive financial compensation packages to attract Generation Z job seekers. Furthermore, organizations should foster a supportive work environment, flexibility, and career development opportunities to enhance recruitment strategies for this generation.

Determining the performance of public sector organizations: An analysis of competence, motivation, career paths, and compensation through job satisfaction

Sismiati Sismiati, Primadi Candra Susanto, Aang Gunawan, Basri Fahriza — Thu, 11 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of competence, motivation, career path, competence, and job satisfaction on organizational performance in public sector companies in Indonesia.

Methodology: This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using a comparative literature review method. Data were collected from previous relevant studies obtained through reputable academic databases, including Thomson Reuters, Springer, Taylor & Francis, Scopus, Emerald, Elsevier, Sage, Web of Science, Sinta 2–5 Journals, DOAJ, EBSCO, Google Scholar, Copernicus, and digital reference books to analyze relationships among key variables.

Results: The findings indicate that competence, motivation, career path, and compensation each positively influence job satisfaction and organizational performance. Job satisfaction also directly enhances organizational performance. Furthermore, competence, motivation, career path, and compensation indirectly affect organizational performance through the mediating role of job satisfaction.

Conclusions: Competence, motivation, career path, and compensation significantly enhance job satisfaction and organizational performance in Indonesia’s public sector.

Limitations: This study is limited to Organizational Performance and Job Satisfaction in the public sector in Indonesia.

Contribution: This study examines how competence, motivation, career path, compensation, and job satisfaction influence public sector organizational performance.

Analysis of management support and self-efficacy on business sustainability through employee performance in micro and small businesses in Greater Jakarta

Djoko Setyo Widodo — Fri, 12 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that influence business sustainability, especially in micro and small businesses in Greater Jakarta.

Methodology: The research employed a quantitative descriptive method using primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected through a 1–5 Likert scale questionnaire completed by employees of micro and small businesses in Greater Jakarta. Secondary data were sourced from relevant studies in reputable academic databases. The population size was unknown, and 131 respondents were selected using simple random sampling based on the Hair formula. Data were analyzed with SmartPLS 4.1.0.0 using outer model, inner model, and hypothesis testing.

Results: The study on Micro and Small Enterprises in Jabodetabek reveals that management support and self-efficacy have positive and significant effects on employee performance and business sustainability. Employee performance also significantly influences business sustainability and plays a mediating role in strengthening the effects of management support and self-efficacy. These findings highlight the importance of managerial support and individual confidence in improving performance outcomes and ensuring sustainable business growth.

Conclusions: The findings indicate that management support and self-efficacy significantly enhance employee performance and business sustainability in the land transportation sector. Employee performance serves as a key mediating factor that strengthens the impact of management support and self-efficacy on business sustainability.

Limitations: This study is limited to examining the sustainability of micro and small businesses operating in the Greater Jakarta area, which may restrict the generalizability of the findings to other regions or business scales.

Contribution: This study plays a role in identifying factors that influence the sustainability of micro and small businesses in Greater Jakarta, focusing on factors such as employee performance, management support, and self-efficacy.

Improving MSME perfomance through competences and entrepreneurial characteristics

Mon, 15 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the influence of human resource competence, management competence, and entrepreneurial competence on the performance of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), moderated by entrepreneurial characteristics.

Methodology: The research was conducted on 95 MSME actors from the "Cethik Geni" group in Semarang. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using Partial Least Squares (PLS).

Results: This study examines the influence of human resource, management, and entrepreneurial competencies on MSME performance, as well as the moderating role of entrepreneurial characteristics, within the Gerai Kopini (Cethik Geni) MSME Group in Semarang City. The findings indicate that all three competencies positively and significantly enhance MSME performance. Entrepreneurial characteristics strengthen the effect of management competency on performance but do not moderate the influence of human resource and entrepreneurial competencies.

Conclusions: This study concludes that strengthening human resource, management, and entrepreneurial competencies is essential for improving MSME performance. Entrepreneurial characteristics play a supportive role by enhancing the effectiveness of management competency, although they do not function as a moderating factor for all competency performance relationships.

Limitations: This study is limited to the Cethik Geni MSME Group in Semarang, restricting generalizability. The moderating role of entrepreneurial characteristics was inconsistent, and unexamined contextual and qualitative factors such as leadership, motivation, and teamwork may affect the results.

Contribution: Future research is recommended to expand the scope of respondents to various MSME sectors and regions to increase the generalizability of the findings. Furthermore, the research model must include contextual variables such as organizational culture, business environment, and leadership style as moderators or mediators.

Management economics and strategic decision making in the digital age

Mahfud Mahfud, Wawat Hermawati — Wed, 17 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: Digital technology reshapes economics and management by enabling faster, data-driven strategic decisions. Companies must adapt to complex market dynamics with innovative, efficient systems. The integration of economics, management, and strategic decision-making strengthens organizational resilience, competitiveness, and sustainability in navigating the challenges of the modern digital era.

Research Methodology: Through a managerial economics theoretical approach and case studies of digital companies, this study demonstrates that data- and technology-driven decision-making can improve operational efficiency, innovation, and company competitiveness.

Results: This research shows that digital technology significantly influences managerial economics and strategic decisions. Data has become a key strategic asset guiding organizational direction. Companies that utilize big data analytics, artificial intelligence, and ERP systems gain stronger competitive advantages and make faster, more accurate decisions in the digital era.

Conclusions: In the digital era, economic management relies heavily on technology and data for strategic decisions. Speed, accuracy, and adaptability determine success. Organizations that integrate digital innovation become more competitive, efficient, and responsive to market change. Thus, digital literacy and transformational leadership are essential in modern management.

Limitations: This study has limitations, including a narrow focus on digitalized companies, which may not represent all MSMEs. The descriptive use of secondary data cannot fully explain causal relationships. Rapid technological change also challenges the study’s relevance, as evolving trends may quickly reduce the accuracy of its findings.

Contribution: This research offers guidance for managers in integrating information technology to enhance decision effectiveness and competitiveness. It also provides a foundation for future studies exploring how digital transformation influences decision-making across different industrial sectors.

Determination of publication performance: Analysis of organizational culture and leadership style mediated by motivation

Abrar Hiswara, Hapzi Ali, Ni Nyoman Sawitri, Zahara Tussoleha Rony — Thu, 18 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the factors influencing publication performance at universities in West Java.

Research Methodology: The research applies a quantitative descriptive method using both primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected through questionnaires with a 5-point Likert scale, while secondary data came from relevant academic sources such as Scopus, Web of Science, Elsevier, Sinta, and Google Scholar. The sample size was determined using the Hair formula, and data were analyzed using SmartPLS 4.1.0.0 through outer model, inner model, and hypothesis tests.

Results: The study found that organizational culture and leadership style each have a positive and significant effect on motivation, while both variables also positively and significantly influence publication performance. Motivation itself was shown to have a positive and significant impact on publication performance. Furthermore, the results indicate that organizational culture and leadership style each exert a positive and significant indirect effect on publication performance through motivation as a mediating variable.

Conclusions: Organizational culture, leadership style, and motivation significantly enhance university publication performance in West Java.

Limitations: This study is limited to publication performance in higher education institutions in West Java.

Contribution: This study aims to identify factors that influence publication performance, with a focus on organizational culture, leadership style, and motivation.