Annals of Management and Organization Research

Underpaid and overworked: The challenges of private schools’ teachers in Ado-Ekiti Metropolis, Nigeria

Stephen Sunday Ojo, Sunday Adesina Ayesoro, Deborah Ibechone Peter — Tue, 19 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: It is therefore necessary to evaluate the challenges that private school instructors encounter as a result of heavy workload and low salary.

Research methodology: The research is a cross-sectional survey, descriptive in nature. A self-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the selected sample using a multi-stage sampling technique. Simple frequency and percentages were employed to describe the data.

Results: Pay and working conditions offered to private school teachers do not reflect their abilities. Teachers in private education experience accumulation by dispossession as a result of the privatization of educational systems and frequently lack long-term job security. The findings reveal that the workload is excessive compared to remuneration, with limited benefits and minimal professional growth opportunities.

Conclusions: The study concludes that the disparity between teachers’ efforts and rewards contributes to dissatisfaction and instability in the private education sector. These conditions may undermine the quality of teaching and long-term sustainability of the profession.

Limitations: The paper only describes the experiences of private school teachers and therefore could not ascertain the degree of relationship between challenges faced by private teachers in working under conditions of being underpaid and overworked.

Contribution: The study will be useful in understanding factors underlying the working conditions of private school teachers. It contributes to knowledge in the fields of industrial relations, human resources management, and the education industry, offering valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders to improve teacher welfare and retention.

The nexus between agricultural exports and food security in Zimbabwe

Talent Kondo, Zachary Tambudzai — Tue, 19 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between agricultural exports and food security in Zimbabwe from 1990 to 2023.

Research Methodology: A time-series analysis was conducted using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to examine both short-run and long-run dynamics. Diagnostic tests, such as ADF, multicollinearity, heteroskedasticity, and serial correlation, were performed to ensure robustness.

Results: The findings revealed that agricultural exports had a positive and statistically significant effect on food security. A 1% increase in agricultural exports leads to a 0.007% increase in food security. Other variables, such as rainfall, capital expenditure, and consumption expenditure, positively influenced food security, whereas rural and urban population growth negatively impacted it.

Conclusions: Agricultural exports play a critical role in enhancing food security in Zimbabwe by generating foreign currency and promoting investment in the agricultural sector. However, demographic pressures and climate-related risks remain significant challenges.

Limitations: The study is limited by data availability, as annual data may overlook short-term changes. Additionally, some potentially influential variables were excluded because of data constraints.

Contribution: This study contributes empirical evidence to policy debates on balancing export-oriented agriculture with domestic food needs. It offers actionable insights for government ministries and institutions involved in agricultural planning, advocating greater support for capital investment, infrastructure, and farmer education to ensure sustainable food security outcomes.

Understanding opportunity focus and its effects on douala micro-small enterprises sales performance

Efeutlancha Forji Angelus, Njong Mom Aloysius, Nkiendem Felix — Thu, 21 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to understand opportunity focus and its effects on the sales performance of micro-small enterprises in Douala.

Research Methodology: This study adopted a quantitative research design using a questionnaire as the primary data collection instrument. The sample size of 385 was determined using the Cochran formula for an unknown population and selected using simple random sampling. The collected data were analyzed using the ordinary least squares technique (OLS) with the help of STATA 17.

Results: The findings revealed a positive and significant effect of opportunity focus on sales performance in micro- and small-sized enterprises in Douala V, Cameroon. The results also show that younger business owners outperform their older counterparts in terms of sales performance.

Conclusions: This study provides insightful policy recommendations for micro and small businesses, newly formed NGOs, governments, and other stakeholders to bolster their competitive positions, contribute to sustainable and inclusive economic growth, and foster innovation and entrepreneurship in their sectors.

Limitations: The study is limited to micro and small-sized enterprises in the Douala Five municipality, making generation difficult for other medium and large enterprises within and out of the Douala Five municipality since these enterprises vary in size and definitely differ in resource constraints

Contribution: This study provides insightful policy recommendations for micro and small businesses, newly formed NGOs, governments, and other stakeholders to bolster their competitive positions, contribute to sustainable and inclusive economic growth, and foster innovation and entrepreneurship in their sectors.

Multi-objective planning for a multi-echelon supply chain using parameter-tuned meta-heuristics

Afshar Bazyar, Morteza Abbasi — Thu, 21 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study presents a tri-objective model for the integrated planning of production and distribution within a multi-level supply chain network that encompasses multiple product types and time periods.

Research methodology: The supply chain network includes manufacturer plants (MPs), distribution centers (DCs), retailers, and final customers. The proposed model aims to minimize total supply chain costs, ensure timely delivery of products to customers, and reduce the lost demand rate. Classified as a linear integer programming problem, which is NP-Hard, the model’s complexity is addressed using two multi-objective meta-heuristic approaches based on the Pareto method: the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) and the Non-Dominated Ranking Genetic Algorithm (NRGA). The Taguchi method is employed to optimize the input parameters of these algorithms.

Results: The performance of the proposed solution methods is evaluated through various test problems of different dimensions. Statistical analyses confirm the effectiveness and reliability of both algorithms in achieving the defined objectives.

Conclusions: The findings highlight that multi-objective meta-heuristic approaches, when parameter-tuned appropriately, provide efficient and practical solutions for integrated supply chain planning, offering a balance among cost, service level, and demand fulfillment.

Limitations: The study acknowledges the inherent complexity of the problem and the dependency of meta-heuristic outputs on parameter settings, which may influence solution robustness.

Contribution: This research contributes to the literature by providing a robust framework for optimizing production and distribution in complex supply chain networks, delivering insights into the application of advanced algorithmic strategies in operational planning.

Investigating the causal nexus between remittances and economic growth in Zimbabwean

Fri, 22 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study aims to examine the nexus between remittances and economic growth in Zimbabwe.

Methods: The research employed the Granger Causality test using annual time series data from 1980 to 2022. Preliminary diagnostic tests including stationarity, cointegration, and error correction modeling were conducted to ensure methodological rigor.

Results: Findings reveal that remittances are not significantly influenced by GDP, as shown by a P-value of 0.5158. Conversely, remittances significantly drive Zimbabwe’s economic growth with a P-value of 0.0429. This highlights remittances as a vital income source that fuels household consumption, investment, and financial inclusion. The unidirectional causality emphasizes their role as a stable economic pillar independent of GDP fluctuations.

Conclusion: The study demonstrates that remittances Granger-cause economic growth in Zimbabwe, but GDP does not Granger-cause remittances. This underlines the critical role of remittance inflows in sustaining consumption, supporting human capital investment, and strengthening financial development in the context of economic instability and high emigration.

Limitation: The research faced challenges in accessing complete and reliable data, requiring innovative strategies to address missing values and restricting analysis to annual data.

Contribution: The results provide context-specific evidence useful for scholars and policymakers in designing strategies to better channel remittances into productive investments. The study contributes by clarifying the causal mechanism between remittances and growth in Zimbabwe and offering insights for policy initiatives aimed at economic recovery and sustainable development.

Analyzing TripAdvisor reviews to improve service quality at Courtyard Marriott Bali Nusa Dua Resort

Bagaskara Vijaya, Putu Diah Sastri Pitanatri, Kadek Andita Dwi Pratiwi — Fri, 22 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study aims to explore trends in guest satisfaction at the Courtyard by Marriott Bali Nusa Dua Resort by analyzing online reviews from TripAdvisor, with the objective of enhancing service quality.

Methods: The research follows a systematic methodology that begins with scraping guest reviews from TripAdvisor, ensuring the collection of relevant data. Subsequently, a thorough data cleaning and preprocessing process is undertaken to guarantee high-quality data. The study then utilizes time series analysis, specifically the ARIMA model, to analyze the evolving patterns of guest satisfaction over time.

Results/findings: The findings show that the majority of guest feedback is positive, indicating general satisfaction with the hotel. The ARIMA model reveals that guest satisfaction is highly influenced by previous satisfaction levels, suggesting a trend where past experiences strongly impact future perceptions.

Conclusions: These results provide valuable insights into the key drivers of guest satisfaction, offering actionable recommendations for hotel management. By understanding the dynamic factors that influence guest experiences, management can improve service quality, respond more effectively to unexpected situations, and remain competitive in the market.

Limitations: The ARIMA model does not account for external factors, such as holiday seasons or marketing changes, nor does it analyze the specific content of reviews or differentiate between guest segments. Additionally, comparisons with competitors can provide a broader strategic context for a more comprehensive understanding.

Contribution: The combination of sentiment analysis and time series forecasting in this study offers a unique contribution, enabling data-driven decisions that support continuous service improvement and customer satisfaction.

Challenges and solutions for implementing knowledge management in knowledge-based companies supply chains

Hassan Torabi, Ali Maalmir, Hossein Ahmadi — Wed, 27 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study investigates challenges in implementing knowledge management systems within supply chains of knowledge-based companies in Iran and proposes actionable solutions for effective application.

Methodology/Approach: A qualitative approach was employed, combining library studies, structured interviews with company founders, managers, and experts, and focus group discussions. A total of 182 propositions were categorized into six key themes—Financial Factors, Environmental Factors, Organizational Factors, Technology Factors, Personal Factors, and Strategic Action—and 31 subcategories.

Results/Findings: The research identified significant obstacles, including inadequate planning, insufficient training, unclear organizational roles, regional influences, political challenges, lack of awareness regarding benefits, and poor financial management. Recommended solutions include creating detailed plans, appointing dedicated roles for knowledge management, improving training, fostering adaptability, and optimizing financial management practices.

Conclusions: A systematic, proactive approach integrating strategic planning, cultural considerations, and flexible frameworks is essential for overcoming barriers. These measures enhance supply chain management and bolster competitiveness in a knowledge-driven economy.

Limitations: This study is specific to knowledge-based companies in Iran and may not reflect industries or regions with differing contexts.

Contribution: The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, academics, and practitioners aiming to optimize knowledge management implementation, supporting innovation and efficiency in supply chains.

The impact of transformational leadership on employee performance: the mediating role of innovative work behaviour

Morteza Piri, Majid Abdi — Thu, 28 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study aims to examine and evaluate the impact of transformational leadership on employee performance, with innovative work behavior serving as a mediating variable. The research focuses on industrial organizations in Iran, using a sample of 155 respondents from various sectors.

Methodology/Approach: This study employs the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique using the AMOS software. The findings reveal that transformational leadership has a positive and significant impact on employee performance.

Results: The results of this study indicate that transformational leadership positively influences employee performance, with innovative work behavior serving as a significant mediator. Transformational leadership also has a strong positive effect on fostering innovative work behavior, which in turn enhances employee performance.

Limitations: The limitations of this study include the focus on industrial organizations in Iran, which may limit the generalizability of the findings to other regions or sectors. Additionally, the study relies on self-reported data from employees, which may introduce bias.

Conclusion: The dynamics of leadership and employee performance are central to the success and sustainability of organizations, especially in competitive environments such as those found within Iran's industrial sector.

Contribution: This study contributes to the existing literature by highlighting the role of transformational leadership in enhancing employee performance through innovative work behavior as a mediating factor. It offers valuable insights into how leadership styles can foster innovation and improve organizational performance, particularly within industrial organizations in Iran.