How e-human resource management can increase employee productivity in F&B in Batam

https://doi.org/10.35912/ijfam.v5i4.1606
Published: Mar 7, 2024

Abstract:

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of E-Human Resource Management (E-HRM) had on Batam’s F&B productivity.

Research methodology: A total of 395 respondents were included in the study. Four populations were used in this study, namely Starbucks, McDonalds, Mixue, and KFC, located in Batam City, Riau Islands, Brazil. The obtained data were processed using the PLS SEM application.

Results: The results suggest that the implementation of E-HRM has a significant positive impact on employee productivity in the F&B companies studied.

Limitations: There are many limitations when conducting this study due to difficulties in collecting data, information, and respondents at KFC, Mixue, Starbucks, and McDonalds. This causes this research to be suboptimal because the company maintains its data privacy. Therefore, this study only obtained respondent data internally. Then, with limited time, the time to distribute questionnaires to respondents was very short.

Contribution: This research provides a deep understanding of the importance of implementing E-HRM (E-Job Analysis, E-Training & Development, E-Performance Appraisal, E-Recruitment, and E-Communication) in increasing employee productivity in F&B companies in Batam City. The results show that e-HRM has a positive impact on Behavioral Intention, which contributes to increased employee productivity.

Keywords:
1. e-HRM
2. Employee Productivity
3. Behavioral Intention
4. Human Resources
Authors:
1 . Evi Silvana Muchsinati
Universitas Internasional Batam, Indonesia
2 . Adeline Oktalia
a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:31:"Universitas Internasional Batam";}
3 . Yuddy Giovanna Priscilla
Universitas Internasional Batam, Indonesia
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How to Cite
Muchsinati, E. S., Oktalia, A., & Priscilla, Y. G. (2024). How e-human resource management can increase employee productivity in F&B in Batam. International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management, 5(4), 429–444. https://doi.org/10.35912/ijfam.v5i4.1606
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Issue & Section
Vol. 5 No. 4 (2024): March
Articles
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

References

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    Akgunduz, Y., & Sanli, S. C. (2017). The effect of employee advocacy and perceived organizational support on job embeddedness and turnover intention in hotels. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 31, 118-125.

    Al-Ghezawi, Y. A., & Megdadi, Y. A. (2021). The Impact Of E-Learning In Developing Employees Performance At Jordanian Commercial Banks. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 9(7).

    Alsafadi, Y., & Altahat, S. (2021). Human resource management practices and employee performance: the role of job satisfaction. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(1), 519-529.

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    Arief, N. R., Purwana, D., & Saptono, A. (2021). Effect of quality work of life (QWL) and work-life balance on job satisfaction through employee engagement as intervening variables. The International Journal of Social Sciences World (TIJOSSW), 3(1), 259-269.

    Asvial, M., Mayangsari, J., & Yudistriansyah, A. (2021). Behavioral intention of e-learning: A case study of distance learning at a junior high school in Indonesia due to the covid-19 pandemic. International journal of technology, 12(1), 54-64.

    Benders, J., Bal, M., & Vermeerbergen, L. (2019). Structure please; continuous improvement and employee consequences in a dynamic task environment. Sustainability, 11(20), 5564.

    Buckingham, M., & Goodall, A. (2015). Reinventing performance management. Harvard Business Review, 93(4), 40-50.

    Çank?r, B. (2017). The Effect of Job Resources on Work Engagement-A Study on Academicians in Turkey. Available at SSRN 3076947.

    Dewayanto, T. (2021). Pengaruh CGPI Dan Business Model Terhadap Firm Performance Dengan Value Creation Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. Fokus Ekonomi: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi, 16(1), 211-220.

    Doghan, M. A. A. (2020). Employees Work Stress in Saudi Telecom Sector: Examining the Role of Long Working Hours, Empowerment, Work Life Balance and Work Environment. Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 26(2), 81-91.

    Galhena, B. L., & Liyanage, D. M. (2014). Effect of E-Recruitment on Behavioural Intention of Candidates: Empirical Evidence From Management Undergraduates in Sri Lanka.

    Gazi, M. A. I., Islam, M. A., Shaturaev, J., & Dhar, B. K. (2022). Effects of job satisfaction on job performance of sugar industrial workers: Empirical evidence from Bangladesh. Sustainability, 14(21), 14156.

    Hair, J., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). PLS-SEM: Indeed a Silver Bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2).

    Harnjo, E. (2019). Peranan Kepemimpinan Restaurant Manager Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Di Dragon Inn Chinesse Restaurant Pada Hotel Holiday Inn Resort Batam. Jurnal Ilmiah Skylandsea, 3(2).

    Hendri, M. D., Abdul, M. H., & Muhamad, R. (2019). The influence of job analysis on organizational performance: empirical evidence from manufacturer company in indonesia using pls-sem. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 93(9), 227-234.

    Imran, M., Memon, A. W., Talreja, K., & Bhutto, S. A. (2021). Does E-HRM Advance Employee Engagement? A Study of Commercial Bank operating in Sukkur and Khairpur District. Indian Journal of Economics and Business, 20(4), 889-903.

    Ishrata, K., Khanb, M. K., Nadeemc, S., & Azizd, A. (2020). The Impact of E-HRM Practices on Employee Productivity in Hospitals of Karachi. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 14(7).

    Junne, F., Michaelis, M., Rothermund, E., Stuber, F., Gündel, H., Zipfel, S., & Rieger, M. A. (2018). The role of work-related factors in the development of psychological distress and associated mental disorders: differential views of human resource managers, occupational physicians, primary care physicians and psychotherapists in Germany. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(3), 559.

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    Lam, T., Cho, V., & Qu, H. (2007). A study of hotel employee behavioral intentions towards adoption of information technology. International Journal of hospitality management, 26(1), 49-65.

    Lin, L.-P. (2017). Industrial tourists' behavioral intention toward slow travel in Taiwan. Journal of sustainable tourism, 25(3), 379-396.

    Martin, L., Hauret, L., & Fuhrer, C. (2022). Digitally transformed home office impacts on job satisfaction, job stress and job productivity. COVID-19 findings. PloS one, 17(3), e0265131.

    Martini, Y., & Hasyunah, H. (2022). Pengaruh Sistem Rekrutmen Dan Pengembangan Karyawan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Pt. Pandu Siwi Sentosa. Jurnal Kompetitif, 11(2).

    Michael-Ofre, C., & Opusunju, M. I. (2021). Effect of E-Performance Appraisal on Employees' Performance in the Presidential Amnesty Office, Abuja. Effect of E-Performance Appraisal on Employees' Performance in the Presidential Amnesty Office, Abuja, 90(1), 10-10.

    Muchsinati, E. S., & Mea, Y. L. (2022). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Etik dan Budaya Organisasi dengan Komitmen sebagai Variabel Mediasi terhadap Kinerja Organisasi. Maker: Jurnal Manajemen, 8(1), 56-66.

    Mutio, M. C., & Samuel, W. (2022). Effect of human resource information systems on employee performance in independent commissions in Kenya. Journal of Human Resource Management, 5(2), 137-152.

    Nurshabrina, N., & Adrianti, R. (2020). The effect of E-human resource management (E-HRM) on cost efficiency and productivity of employees in the company. International Research Journal of Advanced Engineering and Science, 5(1), 212-215.

    Perdian, A. (2017). Model Partisipasi Kontraktor Skala Kecil Dalam Pelelangan. Media Teknik Sipil Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, 15(1), 1-10.

    Rathee, R., & Bhuntel, R. (2017). Benefits, challenges, and impact of E-recruitment. VSRD Int. J. Bus. Manag. Res, 7, 32-38.

    Ratnasari, S. L., Suryadinata, P. R., & Ariyati, Y. (2022). E-Recruitment, Seleksi, Dan Penempatan Karyawan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Jurnal Ecoment Global, 7(1).

    Salloum, S. A., Maqableh, W., Mhamdi, C., Al Kurdi, B., & Shaalan, K. (2018). Studying the social media adoption by university students in the United Arab Emirates. International Journal of Information Technology and Language Studies, 2(3), 83-95.

    See, A., & Teetor, T. S. (2014). Effective e-training: using a course management system and e-learning tools to train library employees. Journal of Access Services, 11(2), 66-90.

    Septiana, T. (2020). Kisah sukses McDonald's, dari restoran kecil jadi raksasa franchise fast food. Retrieved from https://internasional.kontan.co.id/news/kisah-sukses-mcdonalds-dari-restoran-kecil-jadi-raksasa-franchise-fast-food?page=all

    Sharma, S., & Taneja, M. (2018). The effect of training on employee performance. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 7(4), 6-13.

    Shirmila, T. (2022). Exploring Employee Perception Towards E-training and Online Learning Modules of IT Companies in Chennai. International Management Review.

    Shivaraj, G. (2021). A study on the digitalized human resources (HR) practices in digitalized business era in India. Shanlax International Journal of Management, 8(3), 83-89.

    Sinaga, J. E. A., Yusuf, F. A., & Basrowi, B. (2022). Pengaruh Communication Dan Ocb Terhadap Efektivitas Team Work Serta Implikasinya Pada Produktivitas Karyawan Industri Petrokimia Se-Kota Cilegon. Nusantara: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, 9(8), 2741-2752.

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    Suryana, M. A., & Riyadi, S. (2020). Pengembangan Teknologi ERP untuk Modul HRM Studi Kasus PT Indonesia Prima Equipment (Mitra JCB). Journal of Computer System and Informatics (JoSYC), 2(1), 29-36.

    Tavakoli, G., Nazari, Y., Ahmadi, M. M., & Niknam, O. (2015). The Analysis of the Impact of Electronic Human Resource Management (E-Hrm) On the Internal Marketing in the Melli Bank of Khoram Abad. Journal of Social Issues & Humanities, 3(1), 180-185.

    Toloun, M. R. S. H., & Hadidi, F. (2014). Developing a model for acceptance of E-Learning system with interpretive structural modeling approach. Pensee, 76(2).

    Ul Hassan, M., Hassan, S., Shaukat, S., & Nawaz, M. S. (2013). Relationship between TQM elements and organizational performance: An empirical study of manufacturing sector of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS), 7(1), 1-18.

    V?rzaru, A. A., Bocean, C. G., Rotea, C. C., & Budic?-Iacob, A.-F. (2021). Assessing antecedents of behavioral intention to use mobile technologies in e-commerce. Electronics, 10(18), 2231.

    Vasi?, N., Kilibarda, M., & Kaurin, T. (2019). The influence of online shopping determinants on customer satisfaction in the Serbian market. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 14(2), 70-89.

    Vizano, N. A., Setiyani, A., & Nawangsari, L. (2018). The Effect Of Organizational Culture and Job Satisfaction On Turn Over Intention, With Organizational Commitment As A Mediating Variable (Study Case At PT SAS Kreasindo Utama). Jurnal Ekonomi, 23(1), 99-113.

    Wahyudi, I., Herlambang, T., & Martini, N. N. P. (2021). Pengaruh Penerapan Sistem Penilaian Kinerja Berbasis e-Kinerja Dan Kompetensi Terhadap Prestasi Kerja Pegawai Struktural Melalui Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi pada Pemerintah Kabupaten Bondowoso). UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH JEMBER.

    Wijayadne, D. R., & Widjaja, W. (2022). Optimalisasi Aset Teknologi Dalam Implementasi E-Hrm Untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas Karyawan.

    Windasari, W. (2019). The Effect of E-Performance Appraisal System and Additional Income of Civil Servant on Performance with Job Satisfaction as Intervening Variable in the Regional Secretarial of Mojokerto City. Airlangga Development Journal, 3(2), 161-179.

    Zayed, N. M., Edeh, F. O., Islam, K. M. A., Nitsenko, V., Dubovyk, T., & Doroshuk, H. (2022). An Investigation into the Effect of Knowledge Management on Employee Retention in the Telecom Sector. Administrative Sciences, 12(4), 138.

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  2. Akgunduz, Y., & Sanli, S. C. (2017). The effect of employee advocacy and perceived organizational support on job embeddedness and turnover intention in hotels. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 31, 118-125.
  3. Al-Ghezawi, Y. A., & Megdadi, Y. A. (2021). The Impact Of E-Learning In Developing Employees Performance At Jordanian Commercial Banks. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 9(7).
  4. Alsafadi, Y., & Altahat, S. (2021). Human resource management practices and employee performance: the role of job satisfaction. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(1), 519-529.
  5. Angelina, G. (2021). Strategi Ritel Starbucks. Retrieved from https://bbs.binus.ac.id/gbm/2021/01/21/strategi-ritel-starbucks/#:~:text=Starbucks%20menawarkan%20konsep%20yang%20ramah,pelanggan%20dapat%20ikut%20secara%20aktif.
  6. Arief, N. R., Purwana, D., & Saptono, A. (2021). Effect of quality work of life (QWL) and work-life balance on job satisfaction through employee engagement as intervening variables. The International Journal of Social Sciences World (TIJOSSW), 3(1), 259-269.
  7. Asvial, M., Mayangsari, J., & Yudistriansyah, A. (2021). Behavioral intention of e-learning: A case study of distance learning at a junior high school in Indonesia due to the covid-19 pandemic. International journal of technology, 12(1), 54-64.
  8. Benders, J., Bal, M., & Vermeerbergen, L. (2019). Structure please; continuous improvement and employee consequences in a dynamic task environment. Sustainability, 11(20), 5564.
  9. Buckingham, M., & Goodall, A. (2015). Reinventing performance management. Harvard Business Review, 93(4), 40-50.
  10. Çank?r, B. (2017). The Effect of Job Resources on Work Engagement-A Study on Academicians in Turkey. Available at SSRN 3076947.
  11. Dewayanto, T. (2021). Pengaruh CGPI Dan Business Model Terhadap Firm Performance Dengan Value Creation Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. Fokus Ekonomi: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi, 16(1), 211-220.
  12. Doghan, M. A. A. (2020). Employees Work Stress in Saudi Telecom Sector: Examining the Role of Long Working Hours, Empowerment, Work Life Balance and Work Environment. Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 26(2), 81-91.
  13. Galhena, B. L., & Liyanage, D. M. (2014). Effect of E-Recruitment on Behavioural Intention of Candidates: Empirical Evidence From Management Undergraduates in Sri Lanka.
  14. Gazi, M. A. I., Islam, M. A., Shaturaev, J., & Dhar, B. K. (2022). Effects of job satisfaction on job performance of sugar industrial workers: Empirical evidence from Bangladesh. Sustainability, 14(21), 14156.
  15. Hair, J., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). PLS-SEM: Indeed a Silver Bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2).
  16. Harnjo, E. (2019). Peranan Kepemimpinan Restaurant Manager Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Di Dragon Inn Chinesse Restaurant Pada Hotel Holiday Inn Resort Batam. Jurnal Ilmiah Skylandsea, 3(2).
  17. Hendri, M. D., Abdul, M. H., & Muhamad, R. (2019). The influence of job analysis on organizational performance: empirical evidence from manufacturer company in indonesia using pls-sem. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 93(9), 227-234.
  18. Imran, M., Memon, A. W., Talreja, K., & Bhutto, S. A. (2021). Does E-HRM Advance Employee Engagement? A Study of Commercial Bank operating in Sukkur and Khairpur District. Indian Journal of Economics and Business, 20(4), 889-903.
  19. Ishrata, K., Khanb, M. K., Nadeemc, S., & Azizd, A. (2020). The Impact of E-HRM Practices on Employee Productivity in Hospitals of Karachi. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 14(7).
  20. Junne, F., Michaelis, M., Rothermund, E., Stuber, F., Gündel, H., Zipfel, S., & Rieger, M. A. (2018). The role of work-related factors in the development of psychological distress and associated mental disorders: differential views of human resource managers, occupational physicians, primary care physicians and psychotherapists in Germany. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(3), 559.
  21. Kamalia, F. L., & Raharja, E. (2022). Pengaruh Iklim Organisasi Dan Komunikasi Digital Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Inovasi Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi pada Karyawan Perhotelan Kawasan Bandungan). Diponegoro Journal of Management, 11(4).
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  23. Khan, H., Razi, A., Atif Ali, S., & Asghar, A. (2011). A study on Relationship between Organizational job Commitment, and its Determinants among CSRs and Managerial level Employees of Pakistan (Telecommunication sector). Interdisciplinary Journal of contemporary research in business.
  24. Lam, T., Cho, V., & Qu, H. (2007). A study of hotel employee behavioral intentions towards adoption of information technology. International Journal of hospitality management, 26(1), 49-65.
  25. Lin, L.-P. (2017). Industrial tourists' behavioral intention toward slow travel in Taiwan. Journal of sustainable tourism, 25(3), 379-396.
  26. Martin, L., Hauret, L., & Fuhrer, C. (2022). Digitally transformed home office impacts on job satisfaction, job stress and job productivity. COVID-19 findings. PloS one, 17(3), e0265131.
  27. Martini, Y., & Hasyunah, H. (2022). Pengaruh Sistem Rekrutmen Dan Pengembangan Karyawan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Pt. Pandu Siwi Sentosa. Jurnal Kompetitif, 11(2).
  28. Michael-Ofre, C., & Opusunju, M. I. (2021). Effect of E-Performance Appraisal on Employees' Performance in the Presidential Amnesty Office, Abuja. Effect of E-Performance Appraisal on Employees' Performance in the Presidential Amnesty Office, Abuja, 90(1), 10-10.
  29. Muchsinati, E. S., & Mea, Y. L. (2022). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Etik dan Budaya Organisasi dengan Komitmen sebagai Variabel Mediasi terhadap Kinerja Organisasi. Maker: Jurnal Manajemen, 8(1), 56-66.
  30. Mutio, M. C., & Samuel, W. (2022). Effect of human resource information systems on employee performance in independent commissions in Kenya. Journal of Human Resource Management, 5(2), 137-152.
  31. Nurshabrina, N., & Adrianti, R. (2020). The effect of E-human resource management (E-HRM) on cost efficiency and productivity of employees in the company. International Research Journal of Advanced Engineering and Science, 5(1), 212-215.
  32. Perdian, A. (2017). Model Partisipasi Kontraktor Skala Kecil Dalam Pelelangan. Media Teknik Sipil Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, 15(1), 1-10.
  33. Rathee, R., & Bhuntel, R. (2017). Benefits, challenges, and impact of E-recruitment. VSRD Int. J. Bus. Manag. Res, 7, 32-38.
  34. Ratnasari, S. L., Suryadinata, P. R., & Ariyati, Y. (2022). E-Recruitment, Seleksi, Dan Penempatan Karyawan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Jurnal Ecoment Global, 7(1).
  35. Salloum, S. A., Maqableh, W., Mhamdi, C., Al Kurdi, B., & Shaalan, K. (2018). Studying the social media adoption by university students in the United Arab Emirates. International Journal of Information Technology and Language Studies, 2(3), 83-95.
  36. See, A., & Teetor, T. S. (2014). Effective e-training: using a course management system and e-learning tools to train library employees. Journal of Access Services, 11(2), 66-90.
  37. Septiana, T. (2020). Kisah sukses McDonald's, dari restoran kecil jadi raksasa franchise fast food. Retrieved from https://internasional.kontan.co.id/news/kisah-sukses-mcdonalds-dari-restoran-kecil-jadi-raksasa-franchise-fast-food?page=all
  38. Sharma, S., & Taneja, M. (2018). The effect of training on employee performance. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 7(4), 6-13.
  39. Shirmila, T. (2022). Exploring Employee Perception Towards E-training and Online Learning Modules of IT Companies in Chennai. International Management Review.
  40. Shivaraj, G. (2021). A study on the digitalized human resources (HR) practices in digitalized business era in India. Shanlax International Journal of Management, 8(3), 83-89.
  41. Sinaga, J. E. A., Yusuf, F. A., & Basrowi, B. (2022). Pengaruh Communication Dan Ocb Terhadap Efektivitas Team Work Serta Implikasinya Pada Produktivitas Karyawan Industri Petrokimia Se-Kota Cilegon. Nusantara: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, 9(8), 2741-2752.
  42. Sugiyono. (2014). Metode Penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif dan R & D (19th ed.). Bandung: Alfabeta.
  43. Suryana, M. A., & Riyadi, S. (2020). Pengembangan Teknologi ERP untuk Modul HRM Studi Kasus PT Indonesia Prima Equipment (Mitra JCB). Journal of Computer System and Informatics (JoSYC), 2(1), 29-36.
  44. Tavakoli, G., Nazari, Y., Ahmadi, M. M., & Niknam, O. (2015). The Analysis of the Impact of Electronic Human Resource Management (E-Hrm) On the Internal Marketing in the Melli Bank of Khoram Abad. Journal of Social Issues & Humanities, 3(1), 180-185.
  45. Toloun, M. R. S. H., & Hadidi, F. (2014). Developing a model for acceptance of E-Learning system with interpretive structural modeling approach. Pensee, 76(2).
  46. Ul Hassan, M., Hassan, S., Shaukat, S., & Nawaz, M. S. (2013). Relationship between TQM elements and organizational performance: An empirical study of manufacturing sector of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS), 7(1), 1-18.
  47. V?rzaru, A. A., Bocean, C. G., Rotea, C. C., & Budic?-Iacob, A.-F. (2021). Assessing antecedents of behavioral intention to use mobile technologies in e-commerce. Electronics, 10(18), 2231.
  48. Vasi?, N., Kilibarda, M., & Kaurin, T. (2019). The influence of online shopping determinants on customer satisfaction in the Serbian market. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 14(2), 70-89.
  49. Vizano, N. A., Setiyani, A., & Nawangsari, L. (2018). The Effect Of Organizational Culture and Job Satisfaction On Turn Over Intention, With Organizational Commitment As A Mediating Variable (Study Case At PT SAS Kreasindo Utama). Jurnal Ekonomi, 23(1), 99-113.
  50. Wahyudi, I., Herlambang, T., & Martini, N. N. P. (2021). Pengaruh Penerapan Sistem Penilaian Kinerja Berbasis e-Kinerja Dan Kompetensi Terhadap Prestasi Kerja Pegawai Struktural Melalui Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi pada Pemerintah Kabupaten Bondowoso). UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH JEMBER.
  51. Wijayadne, D. R., & Widjaja, W. (2022). Optimalisasi Aset Teknologi Dalam Implementasi E-Hrm Untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas Karyawan.
  52. Windasari, W. (2019). The Effect of E-Performance Appraisal System and Additional Income of Civil Servant on Performance with Job Satisfaction as Intervening Variable in the Regional Secretarial of Mojokerto City. Airlangga Development Journal, 3(2), 161-179.
  53. Zayed, N. M., Edeh, F. O., Islam, K. M. A., Nitsenko, V., Dubovyk, T., & Doroshuk, H. (2022). An Investigation into the Effect of Knowledge Management on Employee Retention in the Telecom Sector. Administrative Sciences, 12(4), 138.