International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management

Influence of allowance, lifestyle, and financial inclusion on financial management practice among Indonesia college students

Sri Zaniarti, Meily Margaretha, Arie Danu Subagja — Wed, 18 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study investigates how young adults manage their finances. It examines the impact of three factors: allowance (pocket money), financial habits (lifestyle), and access to financial services (inclusion).

Methods: The study population comprised college students in Bandung, Indonesia. A sample of 159 college students was selected to understand their financial management practices and related factors.

Results: The study found that Allowance and financial inclusion significantly influenced how young adults managed their finances. These factors were found to have a significant impact, with p-values less than 0.05. Students who manage their income exhibit better budgeting and spending habits. Access to financial services positively affects students' financial management skills and encourages safer savings methods. However, lifestyle factors did not significantly impact financial management, contrary to the findings of previous research. This suggests that other factors might be more crucial for financial discipline.

Conclusions: This study finds that pocket money and financial inclusion significantly enhance financial management skills among university students, while lifestyle has little impact, highlighting the need for education that fosters saving, investing, and responsible financial behavior.

Limitations: This study focused on a specific student population in Bandung, Indonesia. Further research is required to determine whether these findings apply to broader demographic groups.

Contribution: This study underscores the role of schools and families in enhancing students’ financial literacy through education, allowances, and financial inclusion.

Novelty: This study reveals that lifestyle habits have a limited impact on financial management among tech-savvy youth, suggesting the need to reconsider financial education strategies, particularly in trend-driven contexts such as Bandung.

Governance, risk, and compliance maturity level: Optimizing XX LLC performance achievement

Lovia Wita Ayurini, Nureni Wijayati — Wed, 18 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This research aims to evaluate the GRC maturity level at XX LLC as an SOE subsidiary engaged in plantation products and provides recommendations to improve GRC implementation.

Method: The research was qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection was carried out using secondary document collection to check the availability of documents to confirm the existence of GRC indicator elements. Supporting evidence that cannot be found on the website will be collected through interviews. The indicator used was from the GRC Forum Indonesia guidelines, which have three aspects.

Results: The results obtained from the average calculation of the three aspects of the GRC excellence model in XX LLC were 94.5% or had a proactive maturity level. However, several aspects still need to be improved to maximize GRC implementation at XX LLC and optimize company performance.

Conclusions: This study shows that a state-owned plantation subsidiary has reached a proactive GRC maturity level (94.5%), but still needs improvements in strategy dissemination, stress testing, innovation, and HR planning to enhance performance.

Limitations: This study is limited to state-owned plantation companies. The number of respondents, sources of theory, and previous research are limited, and access to information is restricted owing to the company policy on confidentiality.

Contribution: Because of the research limitations regarding the GRC maturity level, this study contributes to the literature and serves as an additional reference for further study. For XX LLC, this research can contribute to optimizing the company’s performance.

Novelty: This research uses secondary data collection, interviews, and document observation (available or not) as supporting evidence for respondents’ answers through interviews, while other research on GRC maturity levels only uses questionnaires.

Analysis of the BLUD puskesmas UPTD strategy to achieve organizational effectiveness using the SPACE Matrix Approach

Heruddin Heruddin, Ika Barokah Suryaningsih, Iwan Dewanto — Wed, 18 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the strategy of the UPTD Health Center with BLUD status in Jember Regency using the SPACE matrix approach.

Method: This research was a quantitative descriptive study. Data processing and analysis were performed by quantitative analysis using the SPACE matrix, and data collection was conducted in a cross-sectional manner. The sample size of four health centers was selected using the purposive sampling technique. The primary data collection technique using questionnaire instruments was then validated using focus group discussions (FGD) and partly using secondary data from the Health Center.

Results: The results of the SPACE matrix analysis show that Health Centers with weak internal strength are in the competitive quadrant, while Health Centers with strong internal strength are in the aggressive quadrant. The two categories of Health Centers are measured in the effectiveness of their organizations based on aspects of financial performance with BLUD maturity indicators showing liquidity results at level 5 (optimizing), efficiency at level 3 (Defined), effectiveness at levels 4 and 5 (Predictable and Optimizing), and maturity levels at level 5 (optimizing) and in terms of service performance, namely, the Community Satisfaction Index with good results for health centers that have weak internal strength and are very good at health centers with strong internal strength.

Conclusions: Health centers with strong internal capacity are in the aggressive quadrant and can pursue proactive strategies, whereas weaker ones fall in the competitive quadrant and require cost control. Overall, BLUD status enhances financial and service performance.

Limitations: The study was limited to four centers in one region and used cross-sectional data, which may not reflect broader or long-term trends.

Contribution: This study applies the SPACE Matrix to guide strategic planning for BLUD health centers based on their internal and external conditions.

Economic growth dynamics in Kupang City: The role of poverty, human development index, and inflation

Enike Tje Yustin Dima, Frederic Winston Nalle — Wed, 18 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study analyzes the impact of poverty, the Human Development Index (HDI), and inflation on economic growth in Kupang City from 2014 to 2023.

Method: This study applies a quantitative method using multiple linear regression. Secondary data were obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) of Kupang City. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 29.00 to examine the relationships between the variables.

Results: Simultaneous poverty, HDI, and inflation have a significant effect on economic growth. However, poverty has a partially negative but insignificant effect, indicating that structural issues, such as access to resources, income inequality, and informal sector dynamics, also shape regional economic performance. HDI has a negative and significant impact, suggesting that improvements in education and health are not yet fully aligned with labor market absorption. Inflation has a positive but statistically insignificant effect, implying that short-term price movements do not directly determine growth in Kupang.

Conclusions: Inclusive and integrated economic strategies are essential for achieving sustainable growth in Kupang City.

Limitations: This study is limited by its use of secondary data and a purely quantitative approach, which may not capture institutional or behavioral nuances. Future studies should consider mixed methods to obtain more comprehensive insights.

Contribution: This study provides empirical evidence to support regional development policies focused on poverty alleviation, better alignment of human capital with economic needs, and inflation management.

Corporate environmental management and financial disclosure in Bangladesh

Md Al Amin — Wed, 18 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study evaluates EMA practices and proposes policies for broader adoption.

Method: In January 2022, Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE)-listed companies were methodically analyzed. 61 manufacturing companies were selected from 181 after exclusion. Interviews, structured questionnaires, and 2020–2022 corporate annual reports were used to collect data. A multiple regression model calculated and assessed the Corporate Environmental Management Reporting Index (CEMRI), using total assets, sales, stock prices, and board size as independent variables.

Results: Sector-wise analyses showed differences in EMA adoption. In the textile industry, total sales and board size positively influence CEMRI, while stock price negatively but statistically insignificantly affects it. Total assets are positively associated with CEMRI in the pharmaceutical industry; however, other characteristics are negatively connected. CEMRI and financial indicators were slightly correlated in food and associated industries. Sales fell, while stock prices and assets rose in the ceramic industry. EMA reporting was most predictable in the fuel and power sectors, where total assets, revenue, and stock prices affected CEMRI.

Conclusions: This study highlights the uneven adoption of Environmental Management Accounting across manufacturing sectors in Bangladesh and underscores the need for stronger policies, regulatory frameworks, and corporate commitment to promote sustainable business practices.

Limitations: The study is limited to manufacturing enterprises and a specific timeframe (2020–2022), potentially affecting generalizability.

Contribution: The findings guide policymakers and managers to strengthen sustainable corporate accountability in Bangladesh.

Corporate liquidity as a predictor variable of firm earnings in the Nigerian agricultural sector

Wed, 18 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study examines the effect of corporate liquidity on the earnings of listed agricultural firms in Nigeria. The proxies of corporate liquidity are net working capital and cash level.

Method: This study adopted an ex-post facto research strategy. The population consisted of five listed agricultural firms in Nigeria, and census sampling was applied in the study. Secondary data were gleaned from the annual reports of firms from 2014 to 2023. A fixed-effects estimation model was used to test the hypotheses.

Results: Net working capital has a significant positive effect on the earnings of listed agricultural firms in Nigeria, and cash level has a significant positive effect on the earnings of listed agricultural firms in Nigeria.

Conclusions: Firms that can optimize their liquidity positions are more agile in taking advantage of business opportunities, such as acquiring raw materials at favorable prices or capitalizing on market demand surges.

Limitations: A key limitation of this study is its relatively small sample size, as it exclusively examines listed agricultural firms in Nigeria. Consequently, these findings may not be fully generalizable to unlisted agricultural firms.

Contribution: This study contributes to the literature by filling a critical gap by focusing on sector-specific profitability metrics, as it offers a new perspective on the liquidity-performance relationship in Nigerian agricultural firms.

Implications: Financial managers of listed agricultural firms in Nigeria need to adopt proactive working capital management strategies by ensuring efficient accounts receivable collection and maintaining a balanced accounts payable structure.

Tax planning and shareholder wealth maximization among listed banks in Nigeria

Peter-Mario Efesiri Efenyumi, Gilbert Ogechukwu Nworie — Thu, 26 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study examines the nexus between tax planning and shareholder wealth maximization among listed banks in Nigeria. The specific objective was to estimate the extent to which the effective tax rate affects the total shareholder return.

Method: An ex-post facto research design was adopted on a population of 12 listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. Purposive sampling was used to select a sample size of nine banks. Secondary data for the study were sourced from the annual reports of banks from 2014 to 2023. Cross-sectional, seemingly unrelated regression was carried out to test this hypothesis.

Results: It was found that a reduction in the effective tax rate will increase the total shareholder return of listed banks in Nigeria (? = -0.171827, p = 0.0000).

Conclusions: Tax planning enables companies to strategically manage their tax liabilities by minimizing tax expenses by taking advantage of available deductions, credits, and exemptions. As per policy implications, Nigerian tax authorities should continuously assess tax liabilities and implement legal tax minimization strategies.

Limitations: This study is limited by its focus on listed deposit money banks in Nigeria, which restricts the generalizability of the findings to other financial institutions.

Managerial Competencies and Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Yangon, Myanmar

Su Wah Hlaing, Myo Myint Aung — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study explores the effect of managerial competencies on the performance of SMEs in Yangon, Myanmar.

Methods: A mixed-method approach was employed, combining qualitative and quantitative data. A structured questionnaire was distributed to 370 SMEs in Yangon, selected through a stratified random sampling technique, and regression analysis was used for quantitative data. In addition, 10 participants were interviewed for the qualitative portion, and thematic analysis was applied to the qualitative data.

Results: The quantitative findings indicate that managerial skills positively impact SME performance, although the influence of certain competencies on business outcomes differs depending on the firm's size. Qualitative analysis revealed that while most SMEs acknowledged the significance of conceptual and technological skills, they were less aware of the importance of human competencies. Furthermore, respondents highlighted the necessity of significant investment to promote business growth and innovation, but these requirements were largely neglected by the government.

Conclusions: This study found that managerial competencies significantly influence SME performance in Yangon, with technical skills being crucial for small businesses and broader competencies for medium-sized businesses. Many SME owners lack awareness of human competencies and face ongoing challenges, particularly limited government support for investment and innovation.

Limitations: This study focuses exclusively on SMEs in Yangon, which may not provide a comprehensive representation of the broader SME sector in Myanmar.

Contribution: The findings of this study are anticipated to offer valuable insights to SME operators, owners, and policymakers in Myanmar.

The Impact of Revenue Diversification on Bank Performance and Risk: Evidence from Bangladesh

Md. Aminul Islam Sany, Rabeya Sultana Lata — Tue, 01 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study examines whether revenue diversification improves or harms banks' profitability and financial stability in Bangladesh.

Method: A panel dataset covering 270 observations from DSE-listed banks spanning 2014 to 2023 is used. This study applies fixed-effects and random-effects regression models using STATA 13. Key performance indicators such as Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Z-score (a measure of financial risk) are analyzed. The control variables include bank size, leverage, asset growth, the deposit-to-total-assets ratio, and macroeconomic indicators such as GDP growth and inflation.

Results: Revenue diversification negatively impacts profitability and financial stability. ROA, ROE, and Z-score have significantly negative relationships with revenue diversification. Larger banks tend to be less profitable and stable, whereas a higher deposit-to-total-assets ratio improves performance. GDP growth has a slight positive impact on profitability but does not significantly affect the financial stability.

Conclusions: Diversifying income sources may not always benefit Bangladeshi banks. This can reduce profitability and increase financial risk. Managing leverage and improving asset utilization are crucial for achieving better financial outcomes.

Limitations: This study is limited to DSE-listed banks in Bangladesh and does not consider unlisted banks or non-bank financial institutions in its analysis.

Contribution: This study contributes to the banking and finance field by offering insights into the effects of revenue diversification on bank performance and risk in a developing economy. This can help policymakers, bank managers, and financial analysts make better decisions regarding income strategies and risk management.