Impact of transformational leadership and school environment on organizational commitment of teachers

https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v4i2.1584
Published: Feb 5, 2024

Abstract:

Purpose: This study investigated the influence of transformational leadership and the school environment on the organizational commitment of teachers.

Research methodology: A quantitative nonexperimental research design with multiple regression analysis was employed. Using the Raosoft calculator, 115 of the 162 public secondary teachers in Davao City were selected as respondents who rated the three adopted questionnaires.

Results: The findings revealed a high level of transformational leadership, school environment, and teachers’ organizational commitment. In terms of significant relationships, both transformational leadership and the school environment were moderately positive and statistically significant. The results of the regression revealed that transformational leadership and the school environment are responsible for 46.2% of the variation in the organizational commitment of teachers. However, the results of the coefficients revealed that only the school environment could predict organizational commitment.

Limitations: This study only involved 115 respondents and used adopted questionnaires, which might be quite different from the context of the respondents.

Contribution: The results and findings of this study can be used as a basis for implementing programs and interventions to address problems with teachers’ organizational commitment.

Novelty: Previous studies have only focused on some variables that influence organizational commitment, such as remoteness, emotional exhaustion, inaccessibility of healthy and sufficient school accommodations, and lack of local community linkages without a clear theoretical framework. Fortunately, this study explored other relevant factors, such as leadership and the school environment, as predictors of organizational commitment by establishing related theories to strongly support these variables with corresponding indicators.

Keywords:
1. organizational commitment
2. school environment
3. transformational leadership
Authors:
1 . Jecyl C. Bantilan
Davao Del Norte State College, Philippines
2 . Ellen Joy J. Sombilon
Davao del Norte State College, Philippines
3 . Analyn R. Regidor
Davao del Norte State College, Philippines
4 . Danilo P. Mondoyo
Davao del Norte State College, Philippines
5 . Ma. Melanie N. Edig
Davao del Norte State College, Philippines
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How to Cite
Bantilan, J. C., Sombilon, E. J. J., Regidor, A. R., Mondoyo, D. P., & Edig, M. M. N. (2024). Impact of transformational leadership and school environment on organizational commitment of teachers. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 4(2), 99–116. https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v4i2.1584
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Issue & Section
Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): February
Articles
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References

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    Kenneth, S. M., George, A. N., & Elizabeth, A. (2020). Effect of Principals’ Practices of Transformational Leadership on Teachers’ Commitment in Public Secondary Schools of Trans-Nzoia County, Kenya.

    K?l?nç, A. Ç., Polatcan, M., Sava?, G., & Er, E. (2022). How transformational leadership influences teachers’ commitment and innovative practices: Understanding the moderating role of trust in principal. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 174114322210828. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432221082803

    Lai, T. T., Luen, W. K., Chai, L. T., & Ling, L. W. (2014). School principal leadership styles and teacher organizational commitment among performing schools. Journal of Global Business Management, 10(2), 67

    Lerra, M. D. (2021). The link and effect of leadership style on teacher organizational commitment in South Ethiopia: A case of wolaita Zone. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(12), 3449–3456.

    Mansor, A. N., Abdullah, R., & Jamaludin, K. A. (2021). The influence of transformational leadership and teachers’ trust in principals on teachers’ working commitment. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 8(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-00985-6

    Metaferia, T., Baraki, Z., & Mebratu, B. (2023). Link between transformational leadership and teachers’ organizational commitment in Addis Ababa government secondary schools. Tigist Metaferia, Zenebe Baraki & Belete Mebratu, Cogent Education (2023), https://doi.org/10: 2187563

    Meyer, J. & Allen, N. (1991) A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment,

    Human Resource Management Review. 1(1) 1053-4822. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z.

    Nazneen, N. and Miralam, M. (2017). A Study of Affective, Continuance and Normative Commitments and its Impact on Job Satisfaction among the Faculty Members of Technical Universities. International Review of Management and Business Research 6(4) 2306-9007 https://www.irmbrjournal.com/papers/1513074286.pdf 252.

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    Özkaya, E., & Ak?n, M. A. (2023). Analysis of the Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Organizational Commitment According to Teacher Perceptions. Kastamonu Education Journal, 31(1), 119-130. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.1246446

    Prado, J. (2022). School Climate and Teacher Self- Efficacy: Teacher's Perspectives. ATU Theses and Dissertations. 39. https://orc.library.atu.edu/etds_2021/39

    Rani, M. & Ganesan, S. (2019). Impact of school environment elements on academic achievement of secondary school students: A study in Vellore educational district. Journal of Educational Research and Practice, 9(3), 38-48

    Rhman, S. A. & Khan, T. M. (2022). Effectiveness Of Organizational Commitment and Working Environment On Job Performance: An Empirical Study Among Secondary School Teachers. PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 19(2), 1349-1362.

    Setyaningsih, S. & Sunaryo, W. (2021). Optimizing transformational leadership strengthening, self-efficacy, and job satisfaction to increase teacher commitment. International Journal of Instruction, 14(4), 427-438. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2021.14425a

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    Ucar, R. & Dalgic, S. (2021). Relationship between School Principals' Strategic Leadership Characteristics and School Teachers' Organizational Commitment Levels. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 91, 105-126. https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2021.91.6

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  2. Algohani, M. & Mydin, A. A. (2022). The influence of Transformational Leadership Style on Teachers’ Organizational Commitment: A Systematic Literature Review. Multicultural Education, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5860613
  3. Ali, A. K. & Saleh, M. (2021). Contribution of The Principal's Transformational Leadership and School Climate on Teacher Performance through Work Motivation. Journal of K6 Education and Management, 4(1), 81-90. https://doi.org/10.11594/jk6em.04.01.08
  4. Arifin, S. R. M. (2018). Ethical considerations in qualitative study. International Journal of Care Scholars. https://journals.iium.edu.my/ijcs/index.php/ijcs/article/view/82. https://doi.org/10.31436/ijcs.v1i2.82
  5. Barkley, B., Lee, D., & Eadens, D. (2014). Perceptions of school climate and culture. eJournal of Education Policy, 1-12. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1158085.pdf
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  7. Bhandari, P. (2022). What Is Quantitative Research? Definition, Uses & Methods. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/quantitative-research/
  8. Bogler, R. & Berkovich, I. (2022). A Systematic Review of Empirical Evidence on Teachers’ Organizational Commitment 1994–2018. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 21(3), 440-457. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2020.1774783
  9. Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper & Row.
  10. Chen, C. Y., Chen, Y. C., Chen, I. H., & Lin, Y. G. (2020). Exploring the relationship between teacher collaboration and teacher commitment: The mediating role of teacher efficacy. Journal of Educational Administration, 58(4), 403-420.
  11. Cherry, K. (2022). What Is Behaviorism? Verywellmind.https://www.verywellmind.com/behavioral-psychology-4157183.
  12. Dawson, P. (2020). Leadership for learning in a time of change: The effects of transformational leadership practices on student outcomes. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 48(4), 596-614.
  13. Dinham, S. (2018). How can school leaders make a difference to teacher retention? Australian Journal of Education, 62(1), 5-20.
  14. Farnsworth, D., Clark, J., Hall, J., Johnson, S., Wysocki, A., and Kepner, K. (2021). Transformational Leadership: The Transformation of Managers and Associates. IFAS Extension, University of Florida. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/HR020. https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-hr020-2002
  15. Feizi, M., Ebrahimi, E., & Beheshti, N. (2014). Investigating the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational commitment of high school teachers in Germi. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 3(1), 17–30. https://doi. org/10.33844/ijol.2014.60264
  16. Firmansyah, F., Prasojo, L. D., Jaedun, A., & Retnawati, H., (2022). Transformational leadership effect on teacher performance in Asia: A meta-analysis. Cypriot Journal of Educational Science. 17(6), 2127-2146. https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v17i6.7552
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  21. Hayes, A. (2022). How Stratified Random Sampling Works, with Examples. Investopedia.https://www.investopedia.com/terms/stratified_random_sampling.asp#:~:text=Stratified%20random%20sampling%20is%20a,as%20income%20or%20educational%20attainment.
  22. Hu, Y., Li, X., & Zhu, Y. (2018). How transformational leadership influences teacher commitment: A multilevel mediation model of teacher trust in principal and collective efficacy. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 46(5), 779-797.
  23. Johnson, B., Stevens, J. J., & Zvoch, K. (2007). Teachers’ perceptions of school climate: A validity study of the revised School Level Environment Survey (SLEQ). Educational and Psychological Measurement, 67, 833-844. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164406299102
  24. Kenneth, S. M., George, A. N., & Elizabeth, A. (2020). Effect of Principals’ Practices of Transformational Leadership on Teachers’ Commitment in Public Secondary Schools of Trans-Nzoia County, Kenya.
  25. K?l?nç, A. Ç., Polatcan, M., Sava?, G., & Er, E. (2022). How transformational leadership influences teachers’ commitment and innovative practices: Understanding the moderating role of trust in principal. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 174114322210828. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432221082803
  26. Lai, T. T., Luen, W. K., Chai, L. T., & Ling, L. W. (2014). School principal leadership styles and teacher organizational commitment among performing schools. Journal of Global Business Management, 10(2), 67
  27. Lerra, M. D. (2021). The link and effect of leadership style on teacher organizational commitment in South Ethiopia: A case of wolaita Zone. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(12), 3449–3456.
  28. Mansor, A. N., Abdullah, R., & Jamaludin, K. A. (2021). The influence of transformational leadership and teachers’ trust in principals on teachers’ working commitment. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 8(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-00985-6
  29. Metaferia, T., Baraki, Z., & Mebratu, B. (2023). Link between transformational leadership and teachers’ organizational commitment in Addis Ababa government secondary schools. Tigist Metaferia, Zenebe Baraki & Belete Mebratu, Cogent Education (2023), https://doi.org/10: 2187563
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  31. Human Resource Management Review. 1(1) 1053-4822. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z.
  32. Nazneen, N. and Miralam, M. (2017). A Study of Affective, Continuance and Normative Commitments and its Impact on Job Satisfaction among the Faculty Members of Technical Universities. International Review of Management and Business Research 6(4) 2306-9007 https://www.irmbrjournal.com/papers/1513074286.pdf 252.
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  34. Özkaya, E., & Ak?n, M. A. (2023). Analysis of the Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Organizational Commitment According to Teacher Perceptions. Kastamonu Education Journal, 31(1), 119-130. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.1246446
  35. Prado, J. (2022). School Climate and Teacher Self- Efficacy: Teacher's Perspectives. ATU Theses and Dissertations. 39. https://orc.library.atu.edu/etds_2021/39
  36. Rani, M. & Ganesan, S. (2019). Impact of school environment elements on academic achievement of secondary school students: A study in Vellore educational district. Journal of Educational Research and Practice, 9(3), 38-48
  37. Rhman, S. A. & Khan, T. M. (2022). Effectiveness Of Organizational Commitment and Working Environment On Job Performance: An Empirical Study Among Secondary School Teachers. PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 19(2), 1349-1362.
  38. Setyaningsih, S. & Sunaryo, W. (2021). Optimizing transformational leadership strengthening, self-efficacy, and job satisfaction to increase teacher commitment. International Journal of Instruction, 14(4), 427-438. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2021.14425a
  39. Sitompul, R. V. & Tung, K. Y. (2023). The Effect of Transformational Leadership of School Principal and Learning Organization on Teacher Commitment at South Jakarta Sis School With Motivation As An Intervening Variable. Jurnal Dinamika Pendidikan, 16(1), 85-93. https://doi.org/10.51212/jdp.v16i1.170
  40. Sunaengsih, C., Komariah, A., Kurniady, D., Suharto, N., Tamam, B., & Julia, J. (2021). Transformational Leadership Survey. Mimbar Sekolah Dasar, 8(1), 41-54. doi: https://doi.org/10.53400/mimbar-sd.v8i1.30468.
  41. Tadesse, E. (2019). Teachers’ Organizational Commitment at Secondary School in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. International Journal of Education and Research 7(4) 2411-5681 www.ijern.com
  42. Tait, M. & Pincus, K. (2018). The occupational well-being of teachers. In A. S. Antoniou & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), The Psychology of the Carers: How to Cultivate an Occupationally Healthy Culture (pp. 241-256). Springer
  43. Tewodros, T. (2019). The relationship between leadership styles and organizational commitment in private secondary schools of Yeka Sub City. Unpublished Master thesis. Addis Ababa University.
  44. Turney, S. (2022). Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r) Guide & Examples. Scribbr. scribbr.com/statistics/pearson-correlation-coefficient/
  45. Ucar, R. & Dalgic, S. (2021). Relationship between School Principals' Strategic Leadership Characteristics and School Teachers' Organizational Commitment Levels. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 91, 105-126. https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2021.91.6
  46. Watson, J. B. (1913). Psychology as the behaviorist views it. Psychological Review, 20(2), 158–177. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0074428
  47. WGU (2021). Connectivism Learning Theory. https://www.wgu.edu/blog/connectivism-learning-theory2105.html#:~:text=Connectivism
  48. Wullur, M. M. & Werang, B. R. (2020). Emotional Exhaustion and Organizational Commitment: Primary School Teachers' Perspective. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 9(4), 912-919. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v9i4.20727
  49. Zhu, Z., Guo, J., & Hu, L. (2019). A cross-level study of teacher organizational commitment: The role of teacher collective efficacy and perceived principal ethical leadership. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1537