Ergonomic and hazard risk assessment on meatball sellers

https://doi.org/10.35912/simph.v1i1.795
Published: Dec 15, 2021

Abstract:

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure the ergonomics and hazards of meatball sellers.

Research methodology: For assessing ergonomic and hazard risk on meatball sellers, the researcher use REBA and HIRARC.

Results: The result of REBA is a grand score of 3 which signifies that meatball sellers had a low risk of work and maybe needed change. Meanwhile, based on risk assessment by HIRARC, it is found that one type of hazard is included in the high-risk category from heat from heating pan (boil) meatball broth hazard, two types of hazards that fall into the medium category, namely preparing food while standing and not using assistive devices (gloves) when preparing food, as well as two types of hazards that are classified as the low risk that consist of long working hours/lack of rest and various kinds of customer behavior.

Limitations: Data collection and documentation are still influenced by the accuracy of researchers. In addition, the results of the risk assessment analysis are based on the assumptions of the researcher with all researcher’s limited knowledge.

Contribution: This study provides insight about ergonomics, especially about the working posture of meatball sellers, hazard risk they face.

Keywords:
1. Ergonomic
2. Hazard
3. Risk
4. Meatball sellers
Authors:
Fina Mardiyanti
Ergonomics and Work Physiology, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
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How to Cite
Mardiyanti, F. (2021). Ergonomic and hazard risk assessment on meatball sellers. Studies in Medicine and Public Health, 1(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.35912/simph.v1i1.795
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Issue & Section
Vol. 1 No. 1 (2021): December
Articles
References

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    Abdurrahman, M. A., Latief, R. U. and Kasriani, H. W. W. (2014). Construction Safety Program: HIRARC Implementation on the Construction Site of Campus II Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Seminar on Infrastructure Development. Balikpapan. pp.389–394. Available from: URL: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/77624419.pdf.

    Ahmad, A. C., Zin, I. N. M., Othman, M. K. and Muhamad, N. H. (2016). Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC) Accidents at Power Plant. MATEC Web of Conferences (on-line), 66: 1–6. Available from: URL: https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20166600105.

    Almutlaq, B. A., Jarman, A., Alfraihi, R., Albasher, G., Alotaibi, R. M., Alqahtani, A. S., Al-Qahtani, W. S., Elasbali, A. M. and Ahmed, H. G. (2020). Skin Burns in Saudi Arabia: Causes, Management, Outcomes and Quality of Life After Skin Burns. International Journal of Burns and Trauma (on-line), 10: 28–37. Available from: URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7218694/pdf/ijbt0010-0028.pdf.

    Buchari, Matondang, N. and Sembiring, N. (2018). Work Environment Engineering Using HIRARC and 5S Method. AIP Conference Proceedings (on-line), 1977: 1–7. Available from: URL: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5042864.

    Cremasco, M. M., Giustetto, A., Caffaro, F., Colantoni, A., Cavallo, E. and Grigolato, S. (2019). Risk Assessment for Musculoskeletal Disorders in Forestry: A Comparison between RULA and REBA in the Manual Feeding of a Wood-Chipper. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (on-line), 16: 1–13. Available from: URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050793.

    Damantalm, Y. (2018). Pemberian Buah Pisang, Istirahat Pendek dan Peregangan, Menurunkan Keluhan Muskuloskeletal, Kelelahan dan Meningkatkan Produktivitas Pemanen Pengguna Alat Egrek Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit PT. SSD Berau – Kalimantan Timur. Universitas Udayana. Available from: URL: https://sinta.unud.ac.id/uploads/dokumen_dir/a3fc5717494f7da1a188b86f83b07aa4.pdf.

    Fathullah, M., Yusoff, N. R. N., Darmawan, V. E. B., Azhar, M. F., Mazlan, A. H., Zulkifli, M. S. M. and Zaki, M. D. A. M. (2021). HIRARC Analysis of a Palm Oil Factory in Malaysia. AIP Conference Proceedings (on-line), 2339. Available from: URL: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0045236.

    Irawan, F. (2017). Gambaran Kelelahan Kerja Pada Operator Warung Internet (Warnet) di Kelurahan Sunggal Medan Tahun 2017. Universitas Sumatera Utara. Available from: URL: http://repositori.usu.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/16650/131000054.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.

    Ishak, N. N., Mahmood, S., and Zulkifli, M. Z. (2021). Ergonomics Risk Assessment of Worker’s Tasks at CPJ Farm: An Advanced Assessment Using Reba Methodology. Human Factors and Ergonomics Journal (on-line), 6: 1–8. Available from: URL: https://hfej.hfem.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Paper-1-HFEJ-Vol-6-2021.pdf.

    Jaffar, N., Abdul-Tharim, A. H., Mohd-Kamar, I. F. and Lop, N. S. (2011). A Literature Review of Ergonomics Risk Factors in Construction Industry. Procedia Engineering (on-line), 20: 89–97. Available from: URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.142.

    Khasanah, I. M., Suwaji and Kurniawan, T. P. (2016). Hubungan Risiko Kerja Berdiri Dengan Tingkat Kelelahan Kerja Pada Operator Mesin Tenun PT. Iskandar Indah Printing Textile Surakarta. Artikel Publikasi Ilmiah Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta (on-line). Available from: URL: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/148610758.pdf.

    Maharja, R. (2015). Analisis Tingkat Kelelahan Kerja Berdasarkan Beban Kerja Fisik Perawat di Instalasi Rawat Inap RSU Haji Surabaya. The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health (on-line), 4: 93–102. Available from: URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v4i1.2015.93-102.

    Middlesworth, M. (2014). A Step-by-Step Guide Rapid Entire Body Assessment ( REBA ). Ergonomics Plus Inc (on-line): 1–11. Available from: URL: http://ergo-plus.com/wp-content/uploads/REBA-A-Step-by-Step-Guide.pdf.

    Mohd Tamrin, B. S. (2014). Occupational Safety and Health in Commodity Agriculture : Case Studies From Malaysian Agricultural Perspective (1st Edition). Selangor, Malaysia: University Putra Malaysia.

    Murtaza, G. (2012). Development of Fabrics for Steam and Hot Water Protection. University of Alberta. Available from: URL: https://doi.org/10.7939/R3RQ66.

    Ningsih, R. (2013). Efektifitas Stretching Di Sela Pelatihan Terhadap Intensitas Fatigue Pada Peserta Pelatihan Balai Latihan Kerja. Jurnal Media Kesehatan (on-line), 8: 113–120. Available from: URL: https://jurnal.poltekkes-kemenkes-bengkulu.ac.id/index.php/jmk/article/download/267/136.

    Nugroho, G. K. T., Ulfah, N. and Harwanti, S. (2015). Hubungan Sikap Kerja Dengan Kelelahan Kerja Pada Pekerja Laundry Di Kecamatan Purwokerto Utara Kabupaten Banyumas. Jurnal Kesmasindo (on-line), 7: 209–218. Available from: URL: http://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/kesmasindo/article/download/133/122.

    Pandve, H. T. (2017). Historical Milestones of Ergonomics: From Ancient Human to Modern Human. Journal of Ergonomics (on-line), 7. Available from: URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7556.1000e169.

    Pircher, R., Pollak, S., Vogt, S., Epting, T., Kramer, L. and Geisenberger, D. (2016). A Special Type of Scald Caused By Prolonged Exposure to Slowly Heated Water. Forensic Science International (on-line), 263: 158–163. Available from: URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.04.013.

    Priyoto and Wahyuning, B. (2019). Pengaruh Pemberian Intervensi Senam Peregangan Di Tempat Kerja Terhadap Penurunan Gangguan MSDs dan Kadar Asam Urat Darah. Jurnal Keperawatan (on-line), 12: 53–68. Available from: URL: https://e-journal.lppmdianhusada.ac.id/index.php/jk/article/download/9/6.

    Pyke, W., Ifram, F., Coventry, L., Sung, Y., Champion, I. and Javadi, A.-H. (2020). The Effects of Different Protocols of Physical Exercise and Rest on Long-Term Memory. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (on-line), 167: 1–25. Available from: URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107128.

    Rahayu, H. S. E., Rusdjijati, R. and Wijayanti, K. (2020). Unimma Work Fatique Instrument (UWFI): Sebuah Instrument Baru Untuk Mengukur Kelelahan Kerja. Journal of Holistic Nursing Science (on-line), 7: 39–45. Available from: URL: https://doi.org/10.31603/nursing.v7i1.3051.

    Reza, L. W. and Asadullah, M. (2013). The Concept of Stand and Work : An Ignored but Serious Health Hazard. International Journal of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences (on-line), 3: 69–75.

    Sadzah, A. H. (2018). Analisis dan Desain Tempat Kerja Menggunakan Macroergonomics Analysis And Design Pada PT . Jui Shin Indonesia. Universitas Sumatera Utara. Available from: URL: repositori.usu.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/9137/130403064.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.

    Sahu, S. A., Agrawal, K. and Patel, P. K. (2016). Scald Burn, A Preventable Injury: Analysis of 4306 Patients From A Major Tertiary Care Center. Burns (on-line), 42: 1844–1849. Available from: URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2016.06.022.

    Santoso, G. (2011). Stasiun Kerja Komputer Secara Ergonomis Untuk Kegiatan Belajar Di Kelas. Jurnal Teknik WAKTU (on-line), 09: 59–62. Available from: URL: http://jurnal.unipasby.ac.id/index.php/waktu/article/download/922/762/.

    Santoso, G., Retnowati, D. and Puspita, A. D. (2021). Mengurangi Kelelahan Tenaga Kerja Pramuniaga Posisi Berdiri. JISO: Journal Of Industrial And Systems Optimization (on-line), 4: 61–65. Available from: URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.51804/jiso.v4i1.61-65.

    Sembiring, M. (2010). Analisis Pendapatan Pedagang Bakso Di Kota Bogor Jawa Barat. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Available from: URL: https://repository.ipb.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/60464/H10mse.pdf;jsessionid=B03EA547E70AF533D07C107B9590D69C?sequence=1.

    Setyawan, F. E. B. (2012). Penerapan Ergonomi Dalam Konsep Kesehatan. Saintika Medika (on-line), 7: 39–50. Available from: URL: https://doi.org/10.22219/sm.v7i1.1085.

    Shuaib, N. A., Yusoff, N. R. N., Assyahid, W. A. R., Ventakasubbarow, P. T., Walker, M. R., Ravindaran, Y., Arumugam, T. and Nagasvaran, V. (2021). Assessing Workplace Hazard and Safety: Case Study on Falling Irom Height at Building Construction Site. AIP Conference Proceedings (on-line), 2339. Available from: URL: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0044256.

    Sirajudeen, M. S., Pillai, P. S., Mehjabinbanu, G. and Vali, Y. (2013). Assessment of Knowledge of Ergonomics among Information Technology Professionals in India. International Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (on-line), 2: 192–197.

    Sutapa, I. K., Sutapa, N., Nengah, I. and Susila, D. (2017). Implementation of Active Rest in Participatory Ergonomics Decrease Workload and Women Musculoskeletal Complaints of Parking in Mall Ramayana Denpasar. International Journal of Life Sciences (on-line), 1: 48–54. Available from: URL: https://doi.org/10.21744/ijls.v1i2.42.

    Widana, I. K. (2017). Segelas Teh dan Sepotong Kue Dapat Menurunkan Kelelahan dan Meningkatkan Konsentrasi. Soshum: Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora (on-line), 7: 386–395. Available from: URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/soshum.v7i3.712.

    Widodo, L., Adianto and Sartika, D. I. (2017). Implementation of Health and Safety Management System to Reduce Hazardous Potential in PT. XYZ Indonesia. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. Available from: URL: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/277/1/012023.

    Yoga, R. A. S., Suef, M. and Sudarso, I. (2019). Mitigation of Fire Risk Using HIRARC Method in a Flexible Plastic Printing Company. IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series (on-line): 559–563. Available from: URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j23546026.y2019i5.6433.

  1. Abd-Elfattah, H. M., Abdelazeim, F. H. and Elshennawy, S. (2015). Physical and Cognitive Consequences of Fatigue: A Review. Journal of Advanced Research (on-line), 6: 351–358. Available from: URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2015.01.011.
  2. Abdurrahman, M. A., Latief, R. U. and Kasriani, H. W. W. (2014). Construction Safety Program: HIRARC Implementation on the Construction Site of Campus II Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Seminar on Infrastructure Development. Balikpapan. pp.389–394. Available from: URL: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/77624419.pdf.
  3. Ahmad, A. C., Zin, I. N. M., Othman, M. K. and Muhamad, N. H. (2016). Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC) Accidents at Power Plant. MATEC Web of Conferences (on-line), 66: 1–6. Available from: URL: https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20166600105.
  4. Almutlaq, B. A., Jarman, A., Alfraihi, R., Albasher, G., Alotaibi, R. M., Alqahtani, A. S., Al-Qahtani, W. S., Elasbali, A. M. and Ahmed, H. G. (2020). Skin Burns in Saudi Arabia: Causes, Management, Outcomes and Quality of Life After Skin Burns. International Journal of Burns and Trauma (on-line), 10: 28–37. Available from: URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7218694/pdf/ijbt0010-0028.pdf.
  5. Buchari, Matondang, N. and Sembiring, N. (2018). Work Environment Engineering Using HIRARC and 5S Method. AIP Conference Proceedings (on-line), 1977: 1–7. Available from: URL: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5042864.
  6. Cremasco, M. M., Giustetto, A., Caffaro, F., Colantoni, A., Cavallo, E. and Grigolato, S. (2019). Risk Assessment for Musculoskeletal Disorders in Forestry: A Comparison between RULA and REBA in the Manual Feeding of a Wood-Chipper. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (on-line), 16: 1–13. Available from: URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050793.
  7. Damantalm, Y. (2018). Pemberian Buah Pisang, Istirahat Pendek dan Peregangan, Menurunkan Keluhan Muskuloskeletal, Kelelahan dan Meningkatkan Produktivitas Pemanen Pengguna Alat Egrek Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit PT. SSD Berau – Kalimantan Timur. Universitas Udayana. Available from: URL: https://sinta.unud.ac.id/uploads/dokumen_dir/a3fc5717494f7da1a188b86f83b07aa4.pdf.
  8. Fathullah, M., Yusoff, N. R. N., Darmawan, V. E. B., Azhar, M. F., Mazlan, A. H., Zulkifli, M. S. M. and Zaki, M. D. A. M. (2021). HIRARC Analysis of a Palm Oil Factory in Malaysia. AIP Conference Proceedings (on-line), 2339. Available from: URL: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0045236.
  9. Irawan, F. (2017). Gambaran Kelelahan Kerja Pada Operator Warung Internet (Warnet) di Kelurahan Sunggal Medan Tahun 2017. Universitas Sumatera Utara. Available from: URL: http://repositori.usu.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/16650/131000054.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
  10. Ishak, N. N., Mahmood, S., and Zulkifli, M. Z. (2021). Ergonomics Risk Assessment of Worker’s Tasks at CPJ Farm: An Advanced Assessment Using Reba Methodology. Human Factors and Ergonomics Journal (on-line), 6: 1–8. Available from: URL: https://hfej.hfem.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Paper-1-HFEJ-Vol-6-2021.pdf.
  11. Jaffar, N., Abdul-Tharim, A. H., Mohd-Kamar, I. F. and Lop, N. S. (2011). A Literature Review of Ergonomics Risk Factors in Construction Industry. Procedia Engineering (on-line), 20: 89–97. Available from: URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.142.
  12. Khasanah, I. M., Suwaji and Kurniawan, T. P. (2016). Hubungan Risiko Kerja Berdiri Dengan Tingkat Kelelahan Kerja Pada Operator Mesin Tenun PT. Iskandar Indah Printing Textile Surakarta. Artikel Publikasi Ilmiah Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta (on-line). Available from: URL: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/148610758.pdf.
  13. Maharja, R. (2015). Analisis Tingkat Kelelahan Kerja Berdasarkan Beban Kerja Fisik Perawat di Instalasi Rawat Inap RSU Haji Surabaya. The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health (on-line), 4: 93–102. Available from: URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v4i1.2015.93-102.
  14. Middlesworth, M. (2014). A Step-by-Step Guide Rapid Entire Body Assessment ( REBA ). Ergonomics Plus Inc (on-line): 1–11. Available from: URL: http://ergo-plus.com/wp-content/uploads/REBA-A-Step-by-Step-Guide.pdf.
  15. Mohd Tamrin, B. S. (2014). Occupational Safety and Health in Commodity Agriculture?: Case Studies From Malaysian Agricultural Perspective (1st Edition). Selangor, Malaysia: University Putra Malaysia.
  16. Murtaza, G. (2012). Development of Fabrics for Steam and Hot Water Protection. University of Alberta. Available from: URL: https://doi.org/10.7939/R3RQ66.
  17. Ningsih, R. (2013). Efektifitas Stretching Di Sela Pelatihan Terhadap Intensitas Fatigue Pada Peserta Pelatihan Balai Latihan Kerja. Jurnal Media Kesehatan (on-line), 8: 113–120. Available from: URL: https://jurnal.poltekkes-kemenkes-bengkulu.ac.id/index.php/jmk/article/download/267/136.
  18. Nugroho, G. K. T., Ulfah, N. and Harwanti, S. (2015). Hubungan Sikap Kerja Dengan Kelelahan Kerja Pada Pekerja Laundry Di Kecamatan Purwokerto Utara Kabupaten Banyumas. Jurnal Kesmasindo (on-line), 7: 209–218. Available from: URL: http://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/kesmasindo/article/download/133/122.
  19. Pandve, H. T. (2017). Historical Milestones of Ergonomics: From Ancient Human to Modern Human. Journal of Ergonomics (on-line), 7. Available from: URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7556.1000e169.
  20. Pircher, R., Pollak, S., Vogt, S., Epting, T., Kramer, L. and Geisenberger, D. (2016). A Special Type of Scald Caused By Prolonged Exposure to Slowly Heated Water. Forensic Science International (on-line), 263: 158–163. Available from: URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.04.013.
  21. Priyoto and Wahyuning, B. (2019). Pengaruh Pemberian Intervensi Senam Peregangan Di Tempat Kerja Terhadap Penurunan Gangguan MSDs dan Kadar Asam Urat Darah. Jurnal Keperawatan (on-line), 12: 53–68. Available from: URL: https://e-journal.lppmdianhusada.ac.id/index.php/jk/article/download/9/6.
  22. Pyke, W., Ifram, F., Coventry, L., Sung, Y., Champion, I. and Javadi, A.-H. (2020). The Effects of Different Protocols of Physical Exercise and Rest on Long-Term Memory. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (on-line), 167: 1–25. Available from: URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107128.
  23. Rahayu, H. S. E., Rusdjijati, R. and Wijayanti, K. (2020). Unimma Work Fatique Instrument (UWFI): Sebuah Instrument Baru Untuk Mengukur Kelelahan Kerja. Journal of Holistic Nursing Science (on-line), 7: 39–45. Available from: URL: https://doi.org/10.31603/nursing.v7i1.3051.
  24. Reza, L. W. and Asadullah, M. (2013). The Concept of Stand and Work?: An Ignored but Serious Health Hazard. International Journal of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences (on-line), 3: 69–75.
  25. Sadzah, A. H. (2018). Analisis dan Desain Tempat Kerja Menggunakan Macroergonomics Analysis And Design Pada PT . Jui Shin Indonesia. Universitas Sumatera Utara. Available from: URL: repositori.usu.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/9137/130403064.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
  26. Sahu, S. A., Agrawal, K. and Patel, P. K. (2016). Scald Burn, A Preventable Injury: Analysis of 4306 Patients From A Major Tertiary Care Center. Burns (on-line), 42: 1844–1849. Available from: URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2016.06.022.
  27. Santoso, G. (2011). Stasiun Kerja Komputer Secara Ergonomis Untuk Kegiatan Belajar Di Kelas. Jurnal Teknik WAKTU (on-line), 09: 59–62. Available from: URL: http://jurnal.unipasby.ac.id/index.php/waktu/article/download/922/762/.
  28. Santoso, G., Retnowati, D. and Puspita, A. D. (2021). Mengurangi Kelelahan Tenaga Kerja Pramuniaga Posisi Berdiri. JISO: Journal Of Industrial And Systems Optimization (on-line), 4: 61–65. Available from: URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.51804/jiso.v4i1.61-65.
  29. Sembiring, M. (2010). Analisis Pendapatan Pedagang Bakso Di Kota Bogor Jawa Barat. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Available from: URL: https://repository.ipb.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/60464/H10mse.pdf;jsessionid=B03EA547E70AF533D07C107B9590D69C?sequence=1.
  30. Setyawan, F. E. B. (2012). Penerapan Ergonomi Dalam Konsep Kesehatan. Saintika Medika (on-line), 7: 39–50. Available from: URL: https://doi.org/10.22219/sm.v7i1.1085.
  31. Shuaib, N. A., Yusoff, N. R. N., Assyahid, W. A. R., Ventakasubbarow, P. T., Walker, M. R., Ravindaran, Y., Arumugam, T. and Nagasvaran, V. (2021). Assessing Workplace Hazard and Safety: Case Study on Falling Irom Height at Building Construction Site. AIP Conference Proceedings (on-line), 2339. Available from: URL: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0044256.
  32. Sirajudeen, M. S., Pillai, P. S., Mehjabinbanu, G. and Vali, Y. (2013). Assessment of Knowledge of Ergonomics among Information Technology Professionals in India. International Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (on-line), 2: 192–197.
  33. Sutapa, I. K., Sutapa, N., Nengah, I. and Susila, D. (2017). Implementation of Active Rest in Participatory Ergonomics Decrease Workload and Women Musculoskeletal Complaints of Parking in Mall Ramayana Denpasar. International Journal of Life Sciences (on-line), 1: 48–54. Available from: URL: https://doi.org/10.21744/ijls.v1i2.42.
  34. Widana, I. K. (2017). Segelas Teh dan Sepotong Kue Dapat Menurunkan Kelelahan dan Meningkatkan Konsentrasi. Soshum: Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora (on-line), 7: 386–395. Available from: URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/soshum.v7i3.712.
  35. Widodo, L., Adianto and Sartika, D. I. (2017). Implementation of Health and Safety Management System to Reduce Hazardous Potential in PT. XYZ Indonesia. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. Available from: URL: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/277/1/012023.
  36. Yoga, R. A. S., Suef, M. and Sudarso, I. (2019). Mitigation of Fire Risk Using HIRARC Method in a Flexible Plastic Printing Company. IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series (on-line): 559–563. Available from: URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j23546026.y2019i5.6433.