Article Details
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026): July
Legal Accountability of Parking Service Operators for Motor Vehicle Damage or Loss in Public Roadside Parking
Abstract
Purpose: This study examines the legal accountability of roadside parking operators in Kupang City for damage to or loss of motor vehicles entrusted to their care, and evaluates whether Kupang City Regional Regulation Number 15 of 2011 on Roadside Parking Levies provides adequate legal certainty and justice for parking users.
Research Methodology: The research applies a socio-legal, empirical-juridical method combining statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, drawing on primary police data from the Kupang City Police Resort together with statutory analysis of the Regional Regulation.
Results: The Regional Regulation regulates only the collection of parking levies and related administrative and criminal sanctions for non-paying users; it contains no provision assigning liability to parking operators for vehicles damaged or stolen while parked. Between 2014 and 2017, twenty-one motorcycle theft cases were recorded at roadside parking locations within the Kupang City Police jurisdiction, yet operators consistently refused responsibility, commonly relying on standard exoneration clauses printed on parking tickets.
Conclusions: Under general civil liability principles and relevant Supreme Court jurisprudence, such exoneration clauses are void, and operators retain a duty of custody that can give rise to civil and, in specific circumstances, criminal accountability.
Limitations: The study is confined to one municipality and one regulatory instrument, and relies on secondary police records rather than operator-side data.
Contributions: The findings support a concrete recommendation to revise the Regional Regulation to explicitly regulate operator liability, strengthening consumer protection for parking users.
Keywords
How to Cite
Download Citation
References
- Adhyaksanti, F. W., & Indrayanti, K. W. (2023). Ratio decidendi penafsiran klausula eksonerasi dalam perjanjian baku di Indonesia. Krtha Bhayangkara, 17(1), 175-190. https://doi.org/10.31599/krtha.v17i1.1983
- Anam, S., Zauhar, S., & Sarwono. (2015). Implementasi kebijakan retribusi pelayanan parkir di Kabupaten Pamekasan. Reformasi, 5(2), 1-10.
- Andayani, T. W. (2014). Peningkatan peran Forum Kemitraan Polisi Masyarakat (FKPM) dalam pencegahan tindak pidana. Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum, 6(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v6i1.3193
- Asmarudin, I., Sugiharto, I., Riyanti, R., & Abdurrachman, H. (2020). Kebijakan penataan dan pengelolaan parkir sebagai upaya peningkatan pendapatan asli daerah. Diktum: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 8(2), 202-219. https://doi.org/10.24905/diktum.v8i2.100
- Azzahra, S. A., & Apriani, R. (2024). Perlindungan konsumen terhadap jasa parkir atas kehilangan barang pribadi (Studi Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Pusat Nomor 423/Pdt.G/2017/PN Jkt.Pst). Jurnal Darma Agung, 32(1), 60-65.
- Basri. (2015). Perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen parkir. Jurnal Perspektif, 20(1), 1-10.
- Fuadi, F. H., Radjab, A. M., & Nurzaman, R. A. (2020). Analisis yuridis penggunaan lahan parkir jalan umum Kota Bandung sebagai tempat usaha mobil toko. Jurnal Legislatif, 3(2), 201-218. https://doi.org/10.20956/jl.v3i2.10467
- Fuadi, H., Ismail, I., & Saleh, M. (2021). Pertanggungjawaban administratif juru parkir di tepi jalan umum dalam pemungutan retribusi. Media Iuris, 4(3), 419-434. https://doi.org/10.20473/mi.v4i3.26806
- Gerungan, S. W. J., Wahongan, A., & Lembong, R. (2022). Pertanggungjawaban perdata pengelola parkir terhadap kendaraan konsumen. E-Journal Unsrat, 3(2), 1-11.
- Hadjon, P. M. (1987). Perlindungan hukum bagi rakyat Indonesia. Bina Ilmu.
- Hapsari, D. R. I., & Kurniawan, K. D. (2020). Consumer protection in the banking credit agreement in accordance with the principle of proportionality under Indonesian laws. Fiat Justisia, 14(4), 337-352. https://doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v14no4.1884
- Harahap, R. S. P., & Chrisanta, F. (2023). Pembatasan klausul pada perjanjian baku dalam upaya perlindungan konsumen melalui undang-undang perlindungan konsumen. Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis, 4(4), 323-338. https://doi.org/10.56370/jhlg.v4i4.371
- Harianto, D. (2010). Perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen terhadap periklanan yang menyesatkan. Ghalia Indonesia.
- Hasnati, H., & Seruni, P. M. (2024). Protection of consumer personal data in the digital era. Journal of Ius Constituendum, 9(1), 20-35. https://doi.org/10.26623/jic.v9i1.8061
- Hidayat, M. S. (2020). Penyalahgunaan klausula eksonerasi yang merugikan konsumen. Jurnal Juristic, 1(1), 107-120. https://doi.org/10.35973/jrs.v1i01.1487
- Ilosa, A. (2016). Kualitas pelayanan parkir di tepi jalan umum Kota Yogyakarta. Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Administrasi Negara, 4(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.21831/jnp.v4i2.12619
- Kelsen, H. (1945). General theory of law and state. Harvard University Press.
- Lusita, L., Widiarty, W. S., & Tobing, G. L. (2022). Legal protection for consumers related to standard clauses according to law number 8 of 1999 concerning consumer protection. International Journal of Law, 8(2), 7-13.
- Purnamawati, P. C., Busro, A., & Suharto, R. (2017). Kajian hukum terhadap klausula baku dalam perjanjian jasa parkir PT Cipta Sumina Indah Satresna dengan konsumen di Samarinda (Studi kasus: Putusan MA No. 2157 K/PDT/2010). Diponegoro Law Journal, 6(2), 1-15.
- Reessena, Z., & Jamba, P. (2022). Legal protection for parking services in the event of a motor vehicle loss. Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum, 13(2), 224-230. https://doi.org/10.26905/idjch.v13i2.7874
- Rizal, M. C. (2013). Sanksi tindak pidana pencantuman klausula baku pada karcis parkir kendaraan bermotor. Al-Daulah: Jurnal Hukum dan Perundangan Islam, 3(2), 299-322. https://doi.org/10.15642/ad.2013.3.2.299-322
- Siswanta, A. R. L., & Wulandari, M. M. (2022). Penerapan asas kebebasan berkontrak pada perjanjian baku dalam perjanjian kerja. Soedirman Law Review, 4(4), 409-420. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.slr.2022.4.4.221
- Syamsudin, M. (2011). Rekonstruksi pola pikir hakim dalam memutuskan perkara korupsi berbasis hukum progresif. Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, 11(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2011.11.1.11
- Yahya, T., Suryahartati, D., & Oktaviarni, F. (2014). Perlindungan konsumen atas klausula eksonerasi dalam perjanjian jasa perparkiran di Kota Jambi. Jurnal Majalah Hukum Forum Akademika, 25(1), 1-10.
- Yuwafi, R. Y., Nachrawi, G., & Miharja, M. (2022). Klausula eksonerasi dari perspektif asas kebebasan berkontrak dan asas keadilan: Studi kasus putusan kasasi Nomor 8/K/PDT/2013. Jurnal Hukum Pelita, 3(1), 1-15.
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.