Juridical analysis of legal certainty regarding the role of the Batam Business Entity and the Land Office in the land certificate transfer system in Batam City

https://doi.org/10.35912/ajh.v4i2.3416
Published: Sep 3, 2025

Abstract:

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the regulations, implementation, obstacles, and solutions related to legal certainty in the transfer of land certificate ownership in Batam City, where dual authority exists between the Batam Business Agency (BP Batam) and the Land Office. The research seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of how institutional overlaps affect legal certainty for the public and business actors in a nationally strategic economic area.

Methods: The study uses normative and empirical juridical approaches through statutory and sociological methods, collecting data from regulatory documents and interviews with BP Batam officials, land staff, and legal practitioners, analyzed under positive law, legal system, and legal certainty theories.

Results: The findings reveal regulatory disharmony and institutional overlap between BP Batam and the Land Office that hinder legal certainty. Unintegrated administrative procedures, differences in information systems, and limited public awareness create delays and confusion in the transfer process.

Conclusion: Legal certainty in Batam’s land administration requires regulatory harmonization, integrated service mechanisms, and the digital integration of land administration systems. Strengthening public legal awareness is also essential for ensuring equitable and effective land services.

Limitation: This study is limited to Batam City as a case study and may not fully represent broader land administration issues in other regions of Indonesia.

Contribution: The research contributes to academic discourse and policy recommendations on resolving institutional dualism in land administration. It provides insights into harmonizing regulations and integrating digital systems to ensure legal certainty and improve public trust in land services.

Keywords:
1. Batam Business Agency
2. Batam Land Office
3. Certificate Name Transfer
4. Legal Certaint
Authors:
1 . Lilis Suriyani
Batam University, Batam, Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia
2 . H.M. Soerya Respationo
Batam University, Batam, Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia
3 . Erniyanti Erniyanti
Batam University, Batam, Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia
View PDF
How to Cite
Suriyani, L., Respationo, H. S., & Erniyanti, E. (2025). Juridical analysis of legal certainty regarding the role of the Batam Business Entity and the Land Office in the land certificate transfer system in Batam City. Annals of Justice and Humanity, 4(2), 99–112. https://doi.org/10.35912/ajh.v4i2.3416
Download Citation
  1. Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
  2. BibTeX

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
Issue & Section
Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): June
Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

References

    Andini, M., Warman, K., & Andora, H. (2025). Land Registration for the Community in the Kampung Tua Area, Batam City. Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities, 5(6), 4442-4451. doi:https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v5i6.2179

    Aritenang, A. (2017). Special Economic Zone at the Crossroads: The Case of Batam. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, 21, 132. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsp.30438

    Asmara, G. Y. P. (2025). Konstruksi Pengaturan Penyidikan terhadap Tenaga Medis yang Berkeadilan. Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, 5(1), 49-66. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jihham.v5i1.4379

    Aulia, N., & Hernawan, D. (2024). Legal Certainty for Land Rights Holders Due to the Issuance Certificates Overlap of Certificates (Overlapping) on Property Rights Certificate No. 60 Certificate Issued in 1956 and Certificate of Ownership No. 01729 Published in 2019 is Linked to Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 on Land Registration. Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities, 5, 963-973. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v5i2.983

    Djabbarudin, A. (2020). Cadastral Surveyor in Land Registration System in Indonesia: A Current Developments. Journal of Law and Legal Reform, 1(4), 705-722. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jllr.v1i4.39889

    Effendi, M. (2018). Kepastian Hukum dalam Sistem Administrasi Pertanahan Indonesia. Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada.

    Eling, E., & Djaja, B. (2023). Issuance of Land Legality By The Batam Concession Agency Against Complete Systematic Land Registration Program Certificates Issued In Batam. Edunity: Social and Educational Studies, 2(6), 739-745. doi:https://doi.org/10.57096/edunity.v2i6.105

    Hakim, H. A., Aminah, P., Idham, I., Milanie, F., & Saifannur, A. S. (2021). Juridical Analysis of Rights Registration Process on Land and Ownership Status to Confirm Legal Assurance: Studyresearch in the Agency Office National Land Batam City. International Journal of Educational Review, Law and Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 1(1), 10-25. doi:https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v1i1.7

    Handayani, S., Nurkhotijah, S., Anatami, D., Suwalla, N., & Sunarto, D. (2025). Juridical Analysis of Reclamated Land Rights in Batam City–Case Studies PT. Pasifik Karya Sindo. Melayunesia Law, 9(1), 33-43. doi:https://doi.org/10.30652/26g6qj57

    Hanum, A., Fithriyatirrizqoh, & Gusthomi, M. (2024). Blurring the Lines: An Analysis of Jurisdictional Overlap between General Courts and State Administrative Courts in Indonesia. Arkus, 11, 713-726. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/arkus.v11i1.663

    Harsono, B. (2018). Hukum Agraria Indonesia: Sejarah Pembentukan Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria, Isi, dan Pelaksanaannya. Jakarta: Djambatan.

    Haspada, D. (2025). The Legal Validity of Electronic Certificates as Evidence of Legitimate Land Ownership. European Journal of Law and Political Science, 4(2), 22-27. doi:https://doi.org/10.24018/ejpolitics.2025.4.2.169

    Hermansyah. (2017). Administrasi Pertanahan di Indonesia: Tantangan dan Solusi. Jakarta: Gramedia.

    Ilham., B. (2018). Badan Pengusahaan Batam: Sejarah dan Kewenangan. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset.

    Iskhan, H., Ketut, I. G. A., & Hartiwiningsih. (2025). The Current State of Legal Governance in the Batam Free Trade Zone: Opportunities for Improvement. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 9(5), 454-468. doi:https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2025.90500039

    Ketabahanko, H., Qamariyanti, Y., & Erlina, E. (2023). Position of Deed of Land Deed Official on Legal Certainty for Ownership of Certificates. International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, 6. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v6-i7-91

    Mohamad, A., & Djaja, B. (2025). Effectiveness of Legal Protection for Land Rights Certificate Holders Against Unlawful Third-Party Claims. Awang Long Law Review, 7, 402-409. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.56301/awl.v7i2.1564

    Negara, S. D., & Hutchinson, F. (2020). Batam: Life after the FTZ?. Bulletin of Indonesian economic studies, 56(1), 87-125. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2019.1648752

    Nurdiana. (2019). Reformasi Administrasi Tanah di Era Digital. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.

    Purnama, D., & Khasanah, D. D. (2024). The Role of the National Land Agency in Preventing and Setting Land Disputes in Indonesia. Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities, 4(4), 943-954. doi:https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v4i4.543

    Purwanti, T. H. N., Syavitri, A. I., Hasyim, F., & Abimanyu, P. (2024). Upaya Peralihan Sertifikat Kepemilikan Tanah Apabila Tidak Diketahui Keberadaan Penjualnya dalam Perspektif PTUN. Terang: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Hukum, 1(4), 155-162. doi:https://doi.org/10.62383/terang.v1i4.631

    Putra, I. (2020). Badan Pengusahaan Batam dalam Konteks Otonomi Daerah. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

    Rajagukguk, E. (2015). Prinsip Good Governance dalam Administrasi Negara. Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada.

    Rania, G. (2025). Implementasi E-Kinerja terhadap Penilaian Kinerja PNS di Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Jurnal Studi Ilmu Sosial dan Politik, 4(1), 39-52. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jasispol.v4i1.4106

    Siallagan, J., Fadlan, Erniyanti, & Respationo, S. (2023). Juridical Analysis of the Obligations Batam Free Trade Zone and Free Port Enterprise Agency (BP BATAM) to Problematic Land Allocation Recipients. International Journal of Sustainability in Research, 1, 283-300. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.59890/ijsr.v1i4.723

    Soekanto, S., & Mamudji, S. (2023). Penelitian Hukum Normatif suatu Tinjauan Singkat. Jakarta: Radja Grafindo Persada.

    Sumiati, H., Andriansah, & Kadaryanto, B. (2021). Kepastian Hukum Sertifikat Hak Milik atas Tanah Dalam Hukum Pertanahan Indonesia. YUSTISIA MERDEKA: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum, 7, 135-145. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.33319/yume.v7i2.111

    Suryaningsih, & Zainuri. (2021). Proses Penerbitan Sertipikat Hak Atas Tanah. Jurnal Jendela Hukum, 8(2), 1-12. doi:https://doi.org/10.24929/fh.v8i2.1574

    Suwardi. (2016). Pendaftaran Tanah dalam Perspektif Hukum Agraria. Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada.

    Tan, W. (2021). The Problems And Concepts of the Land Management Rights Improvement in Batam City. Syariah: Jurnal Hukum dan Pemikiran, 21. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/sjhp.v21i2.4036

    Wati, D. K., & Erniyanti, E. (2024). Juridical Analysis of Legal Certainty of Property Rights to Management Rights in Batam City (Research Study at Batam City Land Office). UNES Law Review, 6(4), 12342-12348. doi:https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v6i4.2243

    Widiyono, T., & Khan, M. (2023). Legal Certainty in Land Rights Acquisition in Indonesia’s National Land Law. Law Reform, 19, 128-147. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/lr.v19i1.48393

    Yasa, P. G. A. S., Sudiarawan, K. A., Dwijayanthi, P. T., & Pranajaya, M. D. (2021). Legal Politics of Land Rights Certification in the Indonesian Context: Between Agrarian Conflicts and Demands for Legal Certainty. International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 10(1), 897-905. doi:https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.106

    Zaenuddin, M. (2025). How to Achieve the Integration From the Dualism of Institutional Conflicts? Lesson Learned From Batam, Indonesia. Sage Open, 15. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440251365467

  1. Andini, M., Warman, K., & Andora, H. (2025). Land Registration for the Community in the Kampung Tua Area, Batam City. Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities, 5(6), 4442-4451. doi:https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v5i6.2179
  2. Aritenang, A. (2017). Special Economic Zone at the Crossroads: The Case of Batam. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, 21, 132. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsp.30438
  3. Asmara, G. Y. P. (2025). Konstruksi Pengaturan Penyidikan terhadap Tenaga Medis yang Berkeadilan. Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, 5(1), 49-66. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jihham.v5i1.4379
  4. Aulia, N., & Hernawan, D. (2024). Legal Certainty for Land Rights Holders Due to the Issuance Certificates Overlap of Certificates (Overlapping) on Property Rights Certificate No. 60 Certificate Issued in 1956 and Certificate of Ownership No. 01729 Published in 2019 is Linked to Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 on Land Registration. Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities, 5, 963-973. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v5i2.983
  5. Djabbarudin, A. (2020). Cadastral Surveyor in Land Registration System in Indonesia: A Current Developments. Journal of Law and Legal Reform, 1(4), 705-722. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jllr.v1i4.39889
  6. Effendi, M. (2018). Kepastian Hukum dalam Sistem Administrasi Pertanahan Indonesia. Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada.
  7. Eling, E., & Djaja, B. (2023). Issuance of Land Legality By The Batam Concession Agency Against Complete Systematic Land Registration Program Certificates Issued In Batam. Edunity: Social and Educational Studies, 2(6), 739-745. doi:https://doi.org/10.57096/edunity.v2i6.105
  8. Hakim, H. A., Aminah, P., Idham, I., Milanie, F., & Saifannur, A. S. (2021). Juridical Analysis of Rights Registration Process on Land and Ownership Status to Confirm Legal Assurance: Studyresearch in the Agency Office National Land Batam City. International Journal of Educational Review, Law and Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 1(1), 10-25. doi:https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v1i1.7
  9. Handayani, S., Nurkhotijah, S., Anatami, D., Suwalla, N., & Sunarto, D. (2025). Juridical Analysis of Reclamated Land Rights in Batam City–Case Studies PT. Pasifik Karya Sindo. Melayunesia Law, 9(1), 33-43. doi:https://doi.org/10.30652/26g6qj57
  10. Hanum, A., Fithriyatirrizqoh, & Gusthomi, M. (2024). Blurring the Lines: An Analysis of Jurisdictional Overlap between General Courts and State Administrative Courts in Indonesia. Arkus, 11, 713-726. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/arkus.v11i1.663
  11. Harsono, B. (2018). Hukum Agraria Indonesia: Sejarah Pembentukan Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria, Isi, dan Pelaksanaannya. Jakarta: Djambatan.
  12. Haspada, D. (2025). The Legal Validity of Electronic Certificates as Evidence of Legitimate Land Ownership. European Journal of Law and Political Science, 4(2), 22-27. doi:https://doi.org/10.24018/ejpolitics.2025.4.2.169
  13. Hermansyah. (2017). Administrasi Pertanahan di Indonesia: Tantangan dan Solusi. Jakarta: Gramedia.
  14. Ilham., B. (2018). Badan Pengusahaan Batam: Sejarah dan Kewenangan. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset.
  15. Iskhan, H., Ketut, I. G. A., & Hartiwiningsih. (2025). The Current State of Legal Governance in the Batam Free Trade Zone: Opportunities for Improvement. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 9(5), 454-468. doi:https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2025.90500039
  16. Ketabahanko, H., Qamariyanti, Y., & Erlina, E. (2023). Position of Deed of Land Deed Official on Legal Certainty for Ownership of Certificates. International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, 6. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v6-i7-91
  17. Mohamad, A., & Djaja, B. (2025). Effectiveness of Legal Protection for Land Rights Certificate Holders Against Unlawful Third-Party Claims. Awang Long Law Review, 7, 402-409. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.56301/awl.v7i2.1564
  18. Negara, S. D., & Hutchinson, F. (2020). Batam: Life after the FTZ?. Bulletin of Indonesian economic studies, 56(1), 87-125. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2019.1648752
  19. Nurdiana. (2019). Reformasi Administrasi Tanah di Era Digital. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
  20. Purnama, D., & Khasanah, D. D. (2024). The Role of the National Land Agency in Preventing and Setting Land Disputes in Indonesia. Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities, 4(4), 943-954. doi:https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v4i4.543
  21. Purwanti, T. H. N., Syavitri, A. I., Hasyim, F., & Abimanyu, P. (2024). Upaya Peralihan Sertifikat Kepemilikan Tanah Apabila Tidak Diketahui Keberadaan Penjualnya dalam Perspektif PTUN. Terang: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Hukum, 1(4), 155-162. doi:https://doi.org/10.62383/terang.v1i4.631
  22. Putra, I. (2020). Badan Pengusahaan Batam dalam Konteks Otonomi Daerah. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
  23. Rajagukguk, E. (2015). Prinsip Good Governance dalam Administrasi Negara. Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada.
  24. Rania, G. (2025). Implementasi E-Kinerja terhadap Penilaian Kinerja PNS di Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Jurnal Studi Ilmu Sosial dan Politik, 4(1), 39-52. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jasispol.v4i1.4106
  25. Siallagan, J., Fadlan, Erniyanti, & Respationo, S. (2023). Juridical Analysis of the Obligations Batam Free Trade Zone and Free Port Enterprise Agency (BP BATAM) to Problematic Land Allocation Recipients. International Journal of Sustainability in Research, 1, 283-300. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.59890/ijsr.v1i4.723
  26. Soekanto, S., & Mamudji, S. (2023). Penelitian Hukum Normatif suatu Tinjauan Singkat. Jakarta: Radja Grafindo Persada.
  27. Sumiati, H., Andriansah, & Kadaryanto, B. (2021). Kepastian Hukum Sertifikat Hak Milik atas Tanah Dalam Hukum Pertanahan Indonesia. YUSTISIA MERDEKA: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum, 7, 135-145. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.33319/yume.v7i2.111
  28. Suryaningsih, & Zainuri. (2021). Proses Penerbitan Sertipikat Hak Atas Tanah. Jurnal Jendela Hukum, 8(2), 1-12. doi:https://doi.org/10.24929/fh.v8i2.1574
  29. Suwardi. (2016). Pendaftaran Tanah dalam Perspektif Hukum Agraria. Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada.
  30. Tan, W. (2021). The Problems And Concepts of the Land Management Rights Improvement in Batam City. Syariah: Jurnal Hukum dan Pemikiran, 21. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/sjhp.v21i2.4036
  31. Wati, D. K., & Erniyanti, E. (2024). Juridical Analysis of Legal Certainty of Property Rights to Management Rights in Batam City (Research Study at Batam City Land Office). UNES Law Review, 6(4), 12342-12348. doi:https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v6i4.2243
  32. Widiyono, T., & Khan, M. (2023). Legal Certainty in Land Rights Acquisition in Indonesia’s National Land Law. Law Reform, 19, 128-147. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/lr.v19i1.48393
  33. Yasa, P. G. A. S., Sudiarawan, K. A., Dwijayanthi, P. T., & Pranajaya, M. D. (2021). Legal Politics of Land Rights Certification in the Indonesian Context: Between Agrarian Conflicts and Demands for Legal Certainty. International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 10(1), 897-905. doi:https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.106
  34. Zaenuddin, M. (2025). How to Achieve the Integration From the Dualism of Institutional Conflicts? Lesson Learned From Batam, Indonesia. Sage Open, 15. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440251365467