Juridical analysis of legal certainty and protection of the parties in the cooperation agreement for the establishment of a health clinic at PT. Melaka Medives Cakra, Batam City

https://doi.org/10.35912/ajh.v4i2.3417
Published: Sep 3, 2025

Abstract:

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the legal arrangements, implementation, as well as obstacles and solutions in cooperation agreements for the establishment of health clinics at PT Melaka Medives Cakra in Batam City. The focus lies on aspects of legal certainty and the protection of parties involved. The research uses a combination of normative juridical and empirical juridical approaches.

Method: Data were collected through the study of laws and regulations, legal literature, and primary sources, including interviews with stakeholders and field observations. The analysis is based on positive law theory, Lawrence M. Friedman’s legal system theory, and Sudikno Mertokusumo’s legal certainty theory.

Result: Although the cooperation agreement was legally valid as an authentic deed, issues such as vague clauses, differing interpretations, and administrative barriers arose. Through addenda, legal support, and stronger dispute resolution clauses, the parties maintained stability and ensured fair legal protection.

Conclusion: The study concludes that clarity in contract drafting, early involvement of legal assistance, and simplified licensing procedures are crucial for ensuring legal certainty and sustainable cooperation in the health care sector.

Limitation: This research is limited to a single case study in Batam City, thus its findings may not fully represent similar cooperation agreements in other regions or health sectors.

Contribution: The study contributes by providing practical insights into strengthening legal certainty in health sector cooperation agreements. It offers recommendations for policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders to foster a legal ecosystem that supports sustainable collaboration and equitable protection of rights.

Keywords:
1. Cooperation Agreement
2. Health Clinic
3. Legal Certainty
4. Legal Protection
5. PT. Melaka Medives Cakra
Authors:
1 . Dedy Cakra Wijaya
Batam University, Batam, Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia
2 . H.M. Soerya Respationo
Batam University, Batam, Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia
3 . Erniyanti Erniyanti
Batam University, Batam, Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia
View PDF
How to Cite
Wijaya, D. C., Respationo, H. S., & Erniyanti, E. (2025). Juridical analysis of legal certainty and protection of the parties in the cooperation agreement for the establishment of a health clinic at PT. Melaka Medives Cakra, Batam City. Annals of Justice and Humanity, 4(2), 113–125. https://doi.org/10.35912/ajh.v4i2.3417
Download Citation
  1. Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
  2. BibTeX

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
Issue & Section
Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): June
Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

References

    Amalia, P., Chandrawulan, A. A., & Budhijanto, D. (2021). Legal Implication of ASEAN Law Economic Community to Indonesia's Economic Competitiveness on Investment and Trade Sector. Journal Legal Ethical & Regulatory Issues, 24(1).

    Aritenang, A. F. (2017). Special economic zone at the crossroads: The case of Batam. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, 21(2), 132-146. doi:https://doi.org/10.22146/jsp.30438

    Aritenang, A. F., & Chandramidi, A. N. (2020). The Impact of Special Economic Zones and Government Intervention on Firm Productivity: The Case of Batam, Indonesia. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 56(2), 225-249. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2019.1643005

    Arnold, A. (2025). Comparing Litigation and Arbitration Approaches to Resolving Export-Import Business Disputes in Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren, 6(2), 116-126. doi:https://doi.org/10.46924/jihk.v6i2.233

    Boulanger, C. (2020). The Comparative Sociology of Legal Doctrine: Thoughts on a Research Program. German Law Journal, 21(7), 1362-1377. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2020.80

    Ernawati, N. L. A. K., & Manuaba, I. B. G. F. (2024). Legal Aspects of Cooperation Agreement in Health Insurance Between Hospitals and BPJS. Jurnal Health Sains, 5(2), 107-112.

    Fatimah, & Asyiah, N. (2025). Analisis Prinsip Keadilan dalam Kontrak Tanah Negara. Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, 4(2), 127-137. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jihham.v4i2.4556

    Fife, S. T., & Gossner, J. D. (2024). Deductive Qualitative Analysis: Evaluating, Expanding, and Refining Theory. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 23. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069241244856

    Flora, H. S., Ginting, G., Ganap, N. C., Simamora, P. N., & Burhanuddin, A. (2025). The Role of Mediation in Resolving Civil Law Disputes in Indonesia. Jurnal Smart Hukum (JSH), 3(3), 216-223. doi:https://doi.org/10.55299/jsh.v3i3.1269

    Fuady, M. (2023). Pengantar Hukum Bisnis di Indonesia. Bandung: Penerbit Citra Aditya Bakti.

    Galvin, P., Tywoniak, S., & Sutherland, J. (2021). Collaboration and Opportunism in Megaproject Alliance Contracts: The Interplay Between Governance, Trust and Culture. International Journal of Project Management, 39(4), 394-405. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2021.02.007

    Gazali, D. S. (2019). Hukum Kontrak Kontemporer. Jakarta: Penerbit Sinar Grafika.

    Hadjon, P. M. ( 2021). Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Rakyat di Indonesia. Surabaya: Penerbit Bina Ilmu.

    Hafizh, D., Anggraeni, D., & Rungsimanop, H. (2024). Building Trust Through Contract: A Legal Protection Effort for Service Providers and Users in the Digital Era: Building Trust Through Contract: A Legal Protection Effort for Service Providers and Users in the Digital Era. PENA LAW: International Journal of Law, 2(2). doi:https://doi.org/10.56107/penalaw.v2i2.189

    Harahap, B. Y., Sukiati, S., & Tanjung, D. (2024). The Concept of Legal Reasoning of Judges in Islamic Law Regarding Legal Decisions for Drug Addicts in the Mandailing Natal District Court. Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities, 4(5), 1379-1392. doi:https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v4i5.527

    Hernoko, A. Y. (2013). Hukum Perjanjian: Asas Proporsionalitas dalam Kontrak Komersial. Jakarta: Penerbit Kencana.

    Hutama, Y. G. (2024). Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Online Single Submission (OSS) Untuk Pendaftaran Badan Hukum Perseroan Terbatas (PT) Oleh Notaris. Indonesian Journal of Law and Justice, 1(2), 92-110. doi:https://doi.org/10.61476/4qbbfx97

    Indra, M., & Fauzan, F. (2023). The Importance of Structuring Relationships Between Local Governments and Business Entities in The Perspective of State Administrative Law in Batam City, Riau Islands. Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan, 11(1), 126-139. doi:https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v11i1.1146

    Kumar, P., Bera, S., Dutta, T., & Chakraborty, S. (2018). Auxiliary Flexibility in Healthcare Delivery System: An Integrative Framework and Implications. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 19(2), 173-186. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40171-018-0183-y

    Lestari, B. W., Arisanti, N., Siregar, A. Y., Sihaloho, E. D., Budiman, G., Hill, P. C., . . . McAllister, S. (2017). Feasibility Study of Strengthening the Public–Private Partnership for Tuberculosis Case Detection in Bandung City, Indonesia. BMC Research Notes, 10(1), 404.

    Marzuki, P. M. ( 2021). Pengantar Ilmu Hukum. Jakarta: Penerbit Kencana.

    Mohammed, T. Y., Philip, K. Y., & Labaran, K. (2024). The Influence of Social Media on Students of Second-Cycle Institutions in Tamale and its Implications. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 4(3), 205-217. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v4i3.1939

    Paunio, E. (2009). Beyond Predictability–Reflections on Legal Certainty and the Discourse Theory of Law in the EU Legal Order. German Law Journal, 10(11), 1469-1493. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S2071832200018332

    Pop, M. (2024). Conceptual Landmarks Regarding the Principle of Legal Certainty from the Perspective of European Private International Law. The Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Legal Sciences, 7(1), 260-267.

    Prayuti, Y., Lany, A., Takaryanto, D., Hamdan, A. R., Ciptawan, B., & Nugroho, E. A. (2024). Efektivitas Mediasi dan Arbitrase dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen Kesehatan. Syntax Idea, 6(3), 1533-1544. doi:https://doi.org/10.46799/syntax-idea.v6i3.3165

    Ridhwan, M. M., Nijkamp, P., Ismail, A., & M. Irsyad, L. (2022). The Effect of Health on Economic Growth: A Meta-Regression Analysis. Empirical Economics, 63(6), 3211-3251. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-022-02226-4

    Samudra, D., & Hibar, U. (2021). Studi Komparasi Sahnya Perjanjian Antara Pasal 1320 KUH Perdata Dengan Pasal 52 Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 Tentang Ketenagakerjaan. Jurnal Res Justitia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 1(1), 26-38. doi:https://doi.org/10.46306/rj.v1i1.9

    Simanungkalit, M. D. V., Munawir, Z., & Zulyadi, R. (2024). Kedudukan Pasal 1320 dan 1338 KUHPerdata dalam Kredit dan Sengketa Konsumen di BPSK. JUNCTO: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum, 6(2), 220-227.

    Sinaga, N. A. (2021). Penyelesaian Sengketa Medis di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Dirgantara, 11(2). doi:https://doi.org/10.35968/jihd.v11i2.765

    Soekanto, S., & Mamudji, S. (2023). Penelitian Hukum Normatif suatu Tinjauan Singkat. Jakarta: Radja Grafindo Persada.

    Suhartono, I. (2019). Metode Penelitian Sosial Suatu Teknik Penelitian Bidang Kesejahteraan Sosial lainnya, . Bandung: Remaja Rosda Karya.

    Suherman, S. (2019). Arbitration and Other Alternative Dispute Resolution for Commercial Dispute (Reviewed from the Strengths of ADR and Decision of Arbitration). Brawijaya Law Journal, 6(1), 104-114. doi:https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.blj.2019.006.01.08

    Taduri, J. N. A. (2021). The Legal Certainty and Protection of Foreign Investment Againsts Investment Practices in Indonesia. Lex Scientia Law Review, 5(1), 119-138. doi:https://doi.org/10.15294/lesrev.v5i1.46286

    Udayana, A. A. B. T. A., & Putra, M. A. P. (2025). The Role of Contract Law in Improving Legal Certainty for Business Actors. Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities, 5(3), 1861-1867. doi:https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v5i3.1217

    Usn, U., & Ukas, U. (2020). Analisis Yuridis Pasal 1320 Kuhperdata Terhadap Perjanjian Kerjasama Lingga Jaya Konstruksi dengan Sub Kontraktor Mitra Dinamis. Scientia Journal: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa, 2(2).

    Visnu, J. (2024). Public-Private Partnership: Menuju Inklusivitas Akses Layanan Paliatif di Indonesia. Jurnal Kebijakan Kesehatan Indonesia, 13(4), 191-193. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jkki.101439

    Wijaya, Y. Y., Prabhata, E. C., & Putra, S. D. (2021). Sistem Perumahsakitan Indonesia: Hubungan Kontraktual Public Private Partnerships dalam Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Kesehatan Masyarakat. Pandecta Research Law Journal, 16(1), 92-105. doi:https://doi.org/10.15294/pandecta.v16i1.28192

    Wing, F. Z., Yulia, Y., & Sastro, M. (2024). Legal Protection for Investors in Limited Companies in Implementation Cooperation Agreement (Judgment Study Number 441/Pdt.G/2020/PN.MDN). Proceedings of Malikussaleh International Conference on Law, Legal Studies and Social Science (MICoLLS), 4, 1-10.

    Wiraguna, S. A. (2024). Metode Normatif dan Empiris dalam Penelitian Hukum: Studi Eksploratif di Indonesia. Public Sphere: Jurnal Sosial Politik, Pemerintahan dan Hukum, 3(3), 57-65. doi:https://doi.org/10.59818/jps.v3i3.1390

    Woy, Y. S., Pondaag, H., & Sepang, R. (2023). Perjanjian Kerjasama Pembelian Cengkeh Antara Petani dengan Perusahaan Rokok Ditinjau dari KUHPerdata. Lex Privatum, 12(1).

    Zaini, Z. D. (2011). Implementasi Pendekatan Yuridis Normatif dan Pendekatan Normatif Sosiologis dalam Penelitian Ilmu Hukum. Pranata Hukum, 6(2). doi:https://doi.org/10.36448/pranatahukum.v6i2.102

  1. Amalia, P., Chandrawulan, A. A., & Budhijanto, D. (2021). Legal Implication of ASEAN Law Economic Community to Indonesia's Economic Competitiveness on Investment and Trade Sector. Journal Legal Ethical & Regulatory Issues, 24(1).
  2. Aritenang, A. F. (2017). Special economic zone at the crossroads: The case of Batam. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, 21(2), 132-146. doi:https://doi.org/10.22146/jsp.30438
  3. Aritenang, A. F., & Chandramidi, A. N. (2020). The Impact of Special Economic Zones and Government Intervention on Firm Productivity: The Case of Batam, Indonesia. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 56(2), 225-249. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2019.1643005
  4. Arnold, A. (2025). Comparing Litigation and Arbitration Approaches to Resolving Export-Import Business Disputes in Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren, 6(2), 116-126. doi:https://doi.org/10.46924/jihk.v6i2.233
  5. Boulanger, C. (2020). The Comparative Sociology of Legal Doctrine: Thoughts on a Research Program. German Law Journal, 21(7), 1362-1377. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2020.80
  6. Ernawati, N. L. A. K., & Manuaba, I. B. G. F. (2024). Legal Aspects of Cooperation Agreement in Health Insurance Between Hospitals and BPJS. Jurnal Health Sains, 5(2), 107-112.
  7. Fatimah, & Asyiah, N. (2025). Analisis Prinsip Keadilan dalam Kontrak Tanah Negara. Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, 4(2), 127-137. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jihham.v4i2.4556
  8. Fife, S. T., & Gossner, J. D. (2024). Deductive Qualitative Analysis: Evaluating, Expanding, and Refining Theory. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 23. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069241244856
  9. Flora, H. S., Ginting, G., Ganap, N. C., Simamora, P. N., & Burhanuddin, A. (2025). The Role of Mediation in Resolving Civil Law Disputes in Indonesia. Jurnal Smart Hukum (JSH), 3(3), 216-223. doi:https://doi.org/10.55299/jsh.v3i3.1269
  10. Fuady, M. (2023). Pengantar Hukum Bisnis di Indonesia. Bandung: Penerbit Citra Aditya Bakti.
  11. Galvin, P., Tywoniak, S., & Sutherland, J. (2021). Collaboration and Opportunism in Megaproject Alliance Contracts: The Interplay Between Governance, Trust and Culture. International Journal of Project Management, 39(4), 394-405. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2021.02.007
  12. Gazali, D. S. (2019). Hukum Kontrak Kontemporer. Jakarta: Penerbit Sinar Grafika.
  13. Hadjon, P. M. ( 2021). Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Rakyat di Indonesia. Surabaya: Penerbit Bina Ilmu.
  14. Hafizh, D., Anggraeni, D., & Rungsimanop, H. (2024). Building Trust Through Contract: A Legal Protection Effort for Service Providers and Users in the Digital Era: Building Trust Through Contract: A Legal Protection Effort for Service Providers and Users in the Digital Era. PENA LAW: International Journal of Law, 2(2). doi:https://doi.org/10.56107/penalaw.v2i2.189
  15. Harahap, B. Y., Sukiati, S., & Tanjung, D. (2024). The Concept of Legal Reasoning of Judges in Islamic Law Regarding Legal Decisions for Drug Addicts in the Mandailing Natal District Court. Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities, 4(5), 1379-1392. doi:https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v4i5.527
  16. Hernoko, A. Y. (2013). Hukum Perjanjian: Asas Proporsionalitas dalam Kontrak Komersial. Jakarta: Penerbit Kencana.
  17. Hutama, Y. G. (2024). Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Online Single Submission (OSS) Untuk Pendaftaran Badan Hukum Perseroan Terbatas (PT) Oleh Notaris. Indonesian Journal of Law and Justice, 1(2), 92-110. doi:https://doi.org/10.61476/4qbbfx97
  18. Indra, M., & Fauzan, F. (2023). The Importance of Structuring Relationships Between Local Governments and Business Entities in The Perspective of State Administrative Law in Batam City, Riau Islands. Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan, 11(1), 126-139. doi:https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v11i1.1146
  19. Kumar, P., Bera, S., Dutta, T., & Chakraborty, S. (2018). Auxiliary Flexibility in Healthcare Delivery System: An Integrative Framework and Implications. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 19(2), 173-186. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40171-018-0183-y
  20. Lestari, B. W., Arisanti, N., Siregar, A. Y., Sihaloho, E. D., Budiman, G., Hill, P. C., . . . McAllister, S. (2017). Feasibility Study of Strengthening the Public–Private Partnership for Tuberculosis Case Detection in Bandung City, Indonesia. BMC Research Notes, 10(1), 404.
  21. Marzuki, P. M. ( 2021). Pengantar Ilmu Hukum. Jakarta: Penerbit Kencana.
  22. Mohammed, T. Y., Philip, K. Y., & Labaran, K. (2024). The Influence of Social Media on Students of Second-Cycle Institutions in Tamale and its Implications. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 4(3), 205-217. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v4i3.1939
  23. Paunio, E. (2009). Beyond Predictability–Reflections on Legal Certainty and the Discourse Theory of Law in the EU Legal Order. German Law Journal, 10(11), 1469-1493. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S2071832200018332
  24. Pop, M. (2024). Conceptual Landmarks Regarding the Principle of Legal Certainty from the Perspective of European Private International Law. The Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Legal Sciences, 7(1), 260-267.
  25. Prayuti, Y., Lany, A., Takaryanto, D., Hamdan, A. R., Ciptawan, B., & Nugroho, E. A. (2024). Efektivitas Mediasi dan Arbitrase dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen Kesehatan. Syntax Idea, 6(3), 1533-1544. doi:https://doi.org/10.46799/syntax-idea.v6i3.3165
  26. Ridhwan, M. M., Nijkamp, P., Ismail, A., & M. Irsyad, L. (2022). The Effect of Health on Economic Growth: A Meta-Regression Analysis. Empirical Economics, 63(6), 3211-3251. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-022-02226-4
  27. Samudra, D., & Hibar, U. (2021). Studi Komparasi Sahnya Perjanjian Antara Pasal 1320 KUH Perdata Dengan Pasal 52 Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 Tentang Ketenagakerjaan. Jurnal Res Justitia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 1(1), 26-38. doi:https://doi.org/10.46306/rj.v1i1.9
  28. Simanungkalit, M. D. V., Munawir, Z., & Zulyadi, R. (2024). Kedudukan Pasal 1320 dan 1338 KUHPerdata dalam Kredit dan Sengketa Konsumen di BPSK. JUNCTO: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum, 6(2), 220-227.
  29. Sinaga, N. A. (2021). Penyelesaian Sengketa Medis di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Dirgantara, 11(2). doi:https://doi.org/10.35968/jihd.v11i2.765
  30. Soekanto, S., & Mamudji, S. (2023). Penelitian Hukum Normatif suatu Tinjauan Singkat. Jakarta: Radja Grafindo Persada.
  31. Suhartono, I. (2019). Metode Penelitian Sosial Suatu Teknik Penelitian Bidang Kesejahteraan Sosial lainnya, . Bandung: Remaja Rosda Karya.
  32. Suherman, S. (2019). Arbitration and Other Alternative Dispute Resolution for Commercial Dispute (Reviewed from the Strengths of ADR and Decision of Arbitration). Brawijaya Law Journal, 6(1), 104-114. doi:https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.blj.2019.006.01.08
  33. Taduri, J. N. A. (2021). The Legal Certainty and Protection of Foreign Investment Againsts Investment Practices in Indonesia. Lex Scientia Law Review, 5(1), 119-138. doi:https://doi.org/10.15294/lesrev.v5i1.46286
  34. Udayana, A. A. B. T. A., & Putra, M. A. P. (2025). The Role of Contract Law in Improving Legal Certainty for Business Actors. Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities, 5(3), 1861-1867. doi:https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v5i3.1217
  35. Usn, U., & Ukas, U. (2020). Analisis Yuridis Pasal 1320 Kuhperdata Terhadap Perjanjian Kerjasama Lingga Jaya Konstruksi dengan Sub Kontraktor Mitra Dinamis. Scientia Journal: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa, 2(2).
  36. Visnu, J. (2024). Public-Private Partnership: Menuju Inklusivitas Akses Layanan Paliatif di Indonesia. Jurnal Kebijakan Kesehatan Indonesia, 13(4), 191-193. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jkki.101439
  37. Wijaya, Y. Y., Prabhata, E. C., & Putra, S. D. (2021). Sistem Perumahsakitan Indonesia: Hubungan Kontraktual Public Private Partnerships dalam Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Kesehatan Masyarakat. Pandecta Research Law Journal, 16(1), 92-105. doi:https://doi.org/10.15294/pandecta.v16i1.28192
  38. Wing, F. Z., Yulia, Y., & Sastro, M. (2024). Legal Protection for Investors in Limited Companies in Implementation Cooperation Agreement (Judgment Study Number 441/Pdt.G/2020/PN.MDN). Proceedings of Malikussaleh International Conference on Law, Legal Studies and Social Science (MICoLLS), 4, 1-10.
  39. Wiraguna, S. A. (2024). Metode Normatif dan Empiris dalam Penelitian Hukum: Studi Eksploratif di Indonesia. Public Sphere: Jurnal Sosial Politik, Pemerintahan dan Hukum, 3(3), 57-65. doi:https://doi.org/10.59818/jps.v3i3.1390
  40. Woy, Y. S., Pondaag, H., & Sepang, R. (2023). Perjanjian Kerjasama Pembelian Cengkeh Antara Petani dengan Perusahaan Rokok Ditinjau dari KUHPerdata. Lex Privatum, 12(1).
  41. Zaini, Z. D. (2011). Implementasi Pendekatan Yuridis Normatif dan Pendekatan Normatif Sosiologis dalam Penelitian Ilmu Hukum. Pranata Hukum, 6(2). doi:https://doi.org/10.36448/pranatahukum.v6i2.102