Juridical analysis of land rights release with ownership certificates purchased by limited liability companies from land law perspective

https://doi.org/10.35912/ajh.v5i1.3423
Published: Sep 4, 2025

Abstract:

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the legal framework for the release of Freehold Title (SHM) land purchased by Limited Liability Companies (PT) in Batam. It focuses on the regulatory basis, implementation practices, and the challenges and solutions in the conversion process to Right to Build (HGB).

Methodology: The research employs a descriptive sociological-juridical method combined with a normative legal approach to examine secondary data, and an empirical approach to gather primary data through field research. The analysis integrates statutory interpretation and practical observations from stakeholders.

Results: Findings reveal that SHM land purchased by a PT must first be released and transferred to the state before being converted to HGB. The process involves drafting a deed of release before a notary, fulfilling BP Batam’s regulatory requirements, and submitting an HGB application to BPN under Minister of ATR/BPN Regulation No. 5 of 2025.

Conclusion: The legal certainty of land release in Batam depends on technical regulations, institutional coordination, and digital integration. While the current system provides a mechanism, procedural and administrative delays persist.

Limitations:The study is limited to the Batam context and relies on selected field data. Broader generalization may require comparative studies across other special economic zones in Indonesia.

Contribution: This research contributes to the discourse on land law reform in Indonesia by offering practical legal solutions, including the need for technical regulations on release deeds, improved inter-agency coordination, and digital land information systems to ensure efficiency and certainty in land rights conversion.

Keywords:
1. Deed of Release of Rights
2. Freehold Title
3. Release of Rights
4. Right to Build
Authors:
1 . Christian Jericho
Batam University, Batam, Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia
2 . Laily Washliati
Batam University, Batam, Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia
3 . Erniyanti Erniyanti
Batam University, Batam, Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia
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How to Cite
Jericho, C., Washliati, L., & Erniyanti, E. (2025). Juridical analysis of land rights release with ownership certificates purchased by limited liability companies from land law perspective. Annals of Justice and Humanity, 5(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.35912/ajh.v5i1.3423
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Issue & Section
Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): December
Articles
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References

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    Suartining, N., & Djaja, B. (2023). Land Rights in the Land Law System in Indonesia According to the Basic Agrarian Law Number 5 of 1960. Journal of Social Research, 2, 1775-1785. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.55324/josr.v2i6.903

    Sudarno, S. (2023). Juridical Review of a Limited Company if Acting as a Limited Liability Company in a Commanditare Vennootschap Company. Justicia Journal, 12(2), 259-274. doi:https://doi.org/10.32492/jj.v12i2.12208

    Suparto, S. (2020). Interpreting The State's Right to Control In the provisions of Article 33 Paragraph (3), The Constitution of 1945 Republic of Indonesia. Jurnal UIR Law Review, 4(2), 1-8. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/uirlrev.2020.vol4(2).6889

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    Yasim, S., Pratiwi, A. D., Nuraliah, D., & Mausili, D. R. (2025). Land Acquisition for Public Interest Development: Legal and Regulatory Perspectives in Indonesia. Journal of Scientific Research, Education, and Technology (JSRET), 4(1), 434-445. doi:https://doi.org/10.58526/jsret.v4i1.711

  1. Aisya, A., & Rahayu, M. (2025). Kekuatan Hukum Akta Pelepasan Hak Atas Tanah Sebagai Dasar Perolehan Hak Dari PPJB Dalam Praktik Pertanahan Di Indonesia. Jurnal Sosial Humaniora dan Pendidikan, 4, 581-592. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/inovasi.v4i2.4203
  2. Ayyub, R., Armin, K., & Bekka, A. (2022). PENERAPAN PENGGUNAAN HAK ATAS TANAH UNTUK INDUSTRI DI PROPINSI SULAWESI TENGAH. Suloh: Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Malikussaleh, 10(2), 585-606. doi:https://doi.org/10.29103/sjp.v10i2.6564
  3. Budiono, A., Sugiarto, D. P. A., & Zuhdi, S. (2023). Legal Protection for Notaries in Making Authentic Deeds in Indonesia. Journal of Judicial Review, 25(1), 111-124. doi:https://doi.org/10.37253/jjr.v25i1.7612
  4. Elviani, E., Respationo, S., Tartib, M., & Erniyanti, E. (2023). Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Pencoretan Pihak dalam Akta Notaris yang Berindikasi Nominee Serta Menimbulkan Ketidakpastian Hukum (Studi Penelitian di Majelis Pengawas Daerah Kota Batam). UNES Law Review, 6(1), 3525-3535. doi:https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v6i1.1153
  5. Frederik, W. A. P., Ringkuangan, D. R., & Tuwaidan, H. F. (2024). Pendaftaran Hak Atas Tanah dalam Perspektif Kepastian Hukum. Amanna Gappa, 19-27.
  6. Jericho, C., & Agustini, S. (2022). Pengikatan Kredit Terhadap Objek Jaminan yang dalam Proses Turun Waris di Kota Batam. Legal Spirit, 6(1), 51-60. doi:https://doi.org/10.31328/ls.v6i1.3673
  7. Khairandy, R. (2013). Karakter Hukum Perusahaan Perseroan dan Status Hukum Kekayaan yang Dimilikinya. Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM, 20(1), 81-97. doi:https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol20.iss1.art5
  8. Lizardo, J., Siahaan, E. D., & Napitupulu, D. R. (2025). Analisis Yuridis Tentang Pemasukan (Inbreng) Tanah dan Bangunan sebagai Penyertaan Modal pada Perseroan Terbatas. Rechtsnormen Jurnal Komunikasi dan Informasi Hukum, 4(1), 38-47. doi:https://doi.org/10.56211/rechtsnormen.v4i1.1151
  9. Maharani, A. K. P., Putra, M. F. M., & Marlina, H. (2022). The Liability of The Land Deed Official (PPAT) in Terms of The Reading of The Grant Deed when Carried Out by Its Employees and The Lack of Witnesses in The Deed (Case Study of Verdict Number 3/PDT. G/2020/PN BLA). Legal Brief, 11(2), 1261-1273.
  10. Marta, A., Suwaryo, U., Sulaeman, A., & Agustino, L. (2019). Dilemma of customary land policy in Indonesia. Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik, 32, 134. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mkp.V32I22019.134-143
  11. Mulyaputri, E. (2025). Redistribusi Tanah Objek Reforma Agraria (TORA) Guna Mewujudkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat dalam Rangka Percepatan Pelaksanaan Reforma Agraria. Ranah Research: Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 7(2), 844-851. doi:https://doi.org/10.38035/rrj.v7i2.1269
  12. Muntaqo, F., & Mansyur, A. (2019). Sertipikat Hak Milik Yang Diakui Sebagai Aset Perseroan Terbatas dan Menjadi Jaminan Hutang. Repertorium: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Kenotariatan, 127-141. doi:https://doi.org/10.28946/rpt.v0i0.389
  13. Napitupulu, R., & Sarono, A. (2022). Akibat Hukum Jual Beli Tanah Untuk Kepentingan Perusahaan Swasta Dengan Akta Pelepasan Hak. Notarius, 15(1), 147-157. doi:https://doi.org/10.14710/nts.v15i1.46031
  14. Pangestu, M. T., & Aulia, N. (2017). Hukum Perseroan Terbatas dan Perkembangannya di Indonesia. Business Law Review, 1(3), 21-39.
  15. Partha, G. C. A., & Aidi, Z. (2024). Kendala Perolehan Tanah Untuk Kegiatan Usaha Perseroan (Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Klaten). Notarius, 17(3), 2055-2072. doi:https://doi.org/10.14710/nts.v17i3.52943
  16. Rachmawati, S. A. (2021). Revolusi Sistem Pencatatan Tanah Melalui Program Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap (PTSL) (Studi Lapangan di Desa Bantul). Widya Pranata Hukum: Jurnal Kajian Dan Penelitian Hukum, 3(1), 105-128. doi:https://doi.org/10.37631/widyapranata.v3i1.273
  17. Rahmawati, D., Samsura, D. A. A., & Krabben, E. v. d. (2025). From Policy to Practice: How Public Land Policies Shape Private-Sector Housing Development—An Indonesian Case. Land, 14(5), 916. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/land14050916
  18. Roustantia, E. K., Cantika, D., Kurniati, K., & Amaliah, K. (2024). Perkembangan Layanan Pertanahan pada Badan Pertanahan Nasional Melalui Program Proyek Operasi Nasional Agraria (PRONA) dan Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap (PTSL). Eksekusi: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Administrasi Negara, 2(4), 347-357. doi:https://doi.org/10.55606/eksekusi.v2i4.1569
  19. Rozi, F., & Cahyono, R. (2024). Pelaksanaan Program Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap (PTSL) di Kantor BPN Kab. Probolinggo. Justness: Jurnal Hukum Politik dan Agama, 4(1), 1-22. doi:https://doi.org/10.61974/justness.v4i01.56
  20. Sari, E. J. (2022). Implementasi Hukum Hak Ingkar Notaris Terhadap Kerahasiaan Isi Akta Notaris. Officium Notarium, 2(1), 71-78. doi:https://doi.org/10.20885/JON.vol2.iss1.art8
  21. Suartining, N., & Djaja, B. (2023). Land Rights in the Land Law System in Indonesia According to the Basic Agrarian Law Number 5 of 1960. Journal of Social Research, 2, 1775-1785. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.55324/josr.v2i6.903
  22. Sudarno, S. (2023). Juridical Review of a Limited Company if Acting as a Limited Liability Company in a Commanditare Vennootschap Company. Justicia Journal, 12(2), 259-274. doi:https://doi.org/10.32492/jj.v12i2.12208
  23. Suparto, S. (2020). Interpreting The State's Right to Control In the provisions of Article 33 Paragraph (3), The Constitution of 1945 Republic of Indonesia. Jurnal UIR Law Review, 4(2), 1-8. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/uirlrev.2020.vol4(2).6889
  24. Wahanisa, R., Hidayat, A., Riyanto, R., & Anggono, B. (2020). Problems of Disputes/Conflicts over Land Acquisition towards Development for Public Interest in Indonesia. International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 10, 320-325. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.39
  25. Widyatama, P. R. (2024). The Role of Environmental Law in Ensuring Sustainable Land Rights. Protection: Journal Of Land And Environmental Law, 2(3), 122-126. doi:https://doi.org/10.38142/pjlel.v2i3.1233
  26. Yasim, S., Pratiwi, A. D., Nuraliah, D., & Mausili, D. R. (2025). Land Acquisition for Public Interest Development: Legal and Regulatory Perspectives in Indonesia. Journal of Scientific Research, Education, and Technology (JSRET), 4(1), 434-445. doi:https://doi.org/10.58526/jsret.v4i1.711