Value Creation as a driver to Sales in Douala V micro-small enterprises

Published: Nov 11, 2025

Abstract:

Purpose: This research aims to investigate Value Creation as a driver of Sales in Douala V micro-small enterprises.

Methodology: This study adopted a quantitative research design, using a questionnaire as the primary data collection instrument. The sample size of 385 was determined using the Cochran formula for an unknown population and selected using simple random sampling techniques. The collected data was analysed using the ordinary least squares technique (OLS) with the help of STATA 17.

Results: This study reveals that value creation has a positive, statistically significant effect on sales performance in Douala V micro-small enterprises. Entrepreneurs' age has a negative and significant relationship with sales performance.

Conclusions: Fostering value creation among micro-small enterprises while considering the age of the entrepreneurs will significantly affect the sales growth of micro-small enterprises.

Limitations: The study is limited to micro and small enterprises in Douala's five municipalities, making generating results difficult.

Contribution: The study provides insightful policy implications for Micro and small-size enterprises operating with limited resource capacity; the policy will be helpful to newly created NGOs and Government Stakeholders.

Keywords:
1. Cameroon
2. Micro and Small Enterprises In Douala V
3. Sales Performance
4. Value Creation
Authors:
1 . Efeutlancha Forji Angelus
2 . Njong Mom Aloysius
3 . Nkiendem Felix
How to Cite
Angelus, E. F., Aloysius, N. M. ., & Felix, N. . (2025). Value Creation as a driver to Sales in Douala V micro-small enterprises. Annals of Management and Organization Research, 7(2), 299–310. https://doi.org/10.35912/amor.v7i2.2359

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References

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    Aftab, M., bin Abdullah, A. A., Sarwar, J., Sanaullah, A., Farid, G., & Bilal, M. (2021). Systematic Review of Entreprenurial Marketing. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government Vol, 27(1).

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    Carson, D., & Gilmore, A. (2000). Marketing at the interface: not ‘what’but ‘how’. Journal of marketing theory and practice, 8(2), 1-7. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10696679.2000.11501863

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    Collinson, E., & Shaw, E. (2001). Entrepreneurial marketing–a historical perspective on development and practice. Management Decision, 39(9), 761-766. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000006221

    Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches: Sage publications.

    Gilmore, A., Carson, D., & Grant, K. (2001). SME marketing in practice. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 19(1), 6-11. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/02634500110363583

    Gruber, M. (2004). Marketing in new ventures: theory and empirical evidence. Schmalenbach business review, 56, 164-199. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03396691

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    Hills, G. E., & Hultman, C. (2013). Entrepreneurial marketing: Conceptual and empirical research opportunities. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 3(4), 437-448. doi:https://doi.org/10.1515/erj-2013-0064

    Homburg, C., Artz, M., & Wieseke, J. (2012). Marketing performance measurement systems: does comprehensiveness really improve performance? Journal of marketing, 76(3), 56-77.

    Jones, R., & Rowley, J. (2011). Entrepreneurial marketing in small businesses: A conceptual exploration. International Small Business Journal, 29(1), 25-36. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242610369743

    Jones, R., Suoranta, M., & Rowley, J. (2013). Entrepreneurial marketing: a comparative study. The Service Industries Journal, 33(7-8), 705-719. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2013.740470

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    Kimathi, D. K. (2020). Effect of Entrepreneurial Marketing on the Performance of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya. JKUAT-COHRED.

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    Kraus, S., Filser, M., Eggers, F., Hills, G. E., & Hultman, C. M. (2012). The entrepreneurial marketing domain: a citation and co?citation analysis. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 14(1), 6-26. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/14715201211246698

    Kraus, S., Harms, R., & Fink, M. (2010). Entrepreneurial marketing: moving beyond marketing in new ventures. International Journal of entrepreneurship and innovation management, 11(1), 19-34. doi:https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEIM.2010.029766

    Kurpayanidi, K. I. (2018). World bank DB2018 rating and its place in the development of the roadmap for entrepreneurship development in Uzbekistan. Paper presented at the International scientific review of the problems of economics and management.

    Liliyan, A. (2020). The Effect of Entrepreneurial Marketing on Marketing Performance in SMEs. Journal of Research in Business, Economics, and Education, 2(6), 1311-1320.

    Martin, D. M. (2009). The entrepreneurial marketing mix. Qualitative market research: an international journal, 12(4), 391-403. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/13522750910993310

    Mehra, S. (2018). Using asset-based criterion to implement quality management philosophy in service operations to enhance business performance. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 35(10), 2195-2211.

    Miles, M. P., & Darroch, J. (2008). A commentary on current research at the marketing and entrepreneurship interface. Journal of Small Business Management, 46(1), 46-49. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2007.00230.x

    Morris, M. H., & Hills, G. (1992). The role of entrepreneurship in marketing education. Marketing Education Review, 2(2), 1-10. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10528008.1992.11488359

    Morris, M. H., Schindehutte, M., & LaForge, R. W. (2002). Entrepreneurial marketing: a construct for integrating emerging entrepreneurship and marketing perspectives. Journal of marketing theory and practice, 10(4), 1-19.

    Mort, G. S., Weerawardena, J., & Liesch, P. (2012). Advancing entrepreneurial marketing: Evidence from born global firms. European Journal of marketing, 46(3-4), 542-561. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/03090561211202602

    Mo?teanu, N. R., & Mesue, A. D. M. N. (2023). Strategic entrepreneurship approach for a sustainable African ecosystem Corporate sustainability in Africa: Responsible leadership, opportunities, and challenges (pp. 255-280): Springer.

    Muangkhot, S., & Ussahawanitchakit, P. (2015). Strategic marketing innovation and marketing performance: an empirical investigation of furniture exporting businesses in Thailand. The Business & Management Review, 7(1), 189.

    Muyassirah, M., & Arief, M. (2021). Mengungkap Sistem Pemasaran Nasi Boran Dengan Pendekatan Teori Entrepreneurial Marketing. Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Manajemen (JKIM), 1(2).

    Nwekeala, B. B. (2023). ENTREPRENEURIAL CAPABILITIES AND BUSINESS SUCCESS OF SMES IN PORT HARCOURT. BW Academic Journal, 11-11.

    O’Donnell, A., Gilmore, A., Cummins, D., & Carson, D. (2001). The network construct in entrepreneurship research: a review and critique. Management Decision, 39(9), 749-760. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000006220

    Ogbuji, C. N., Onuoha, O. A., & Owhorchukwu, O. (2016). Brand personality and marketing performance of deposit money banks in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. International Journal of Research, 37.

    Oncu, E. (2013). The psychometric properties of the physical education lesson attitude scale for preservice classroom teachers. Australian Journal of Teacher Education (Online), 38(1), 97-114.

    Otika, U. S., Ejiofor, U. H., & Olise, C. M. (2019). Risk Perceptions and Online Shopping Intention among Internet Users In Nigeria. The Academy of Management Nigeria (TAMN), 1122.

    Ouragini, I., & Lakhal, L. (2024). The impact of entrepreneurial marketing on the firm performance. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 15(2), 6003-6025.

    Sahoo, S. (2019). Quality management, innovation capability and firm performance: Empirical insights from Indian manufacturing SMEs. The TQM Journal, 31(6), 1003-1027.

    Setiyaningrum, A., & Ramawati, Y. (2020). Peran dimensi-dimensi entrepreneurial marketing dalam mendorong kesuksesan bisnis UMKM di industri ekonomi kreatif. Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 9(2), 125.

    Stephen, O. U., Ireneus, N., & Moses, O. C. (2019). Entrepreneurial marketing practices and competitive advantage of small and medium size enterprises in Nigeria. European Journal of Business and Innovation Research, 7(3), 1-30.

    Stevenson, H. H., & Jarillo, J. C. (2016). A new entrepreneurial paradigm Socio-economics (pp. 185-208): Routledge.

    Stokes, D. (2000a). Entrepreneurial marketing: a conceptualisation from qualitative research. Qualitative market research: an international journal, 3(1), 47-54. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/13522750010310497

    Stokes, D. (2000b). Putting entrepreneurship into marketing: the processes of entrepreneurial marketing. Journal of research in marketing and entrepreneurship, 2(1), 1-16.

    Tsai, H.-F., & Luan, C.-J. (2016). What makes firms embrace risks? A risk-taking capability perspective. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 19(3), 219-231.

    Venkatraman, N., & Ramanujam, V. (1985). Construct validation of business economic performance measures: A structural equation modeling approach. BEBR faculty working paper; no. 1148.

    Y?ld?z, S., & Karaka?, A. (2012). Defining methods and criteria for measuring business performance: a comparative research between the literature in Turkey and foreign. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, 1091-1102.

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  2. Aftab, M., bin Abdullah, A. A., Sarwar, J., Sanaullah, A., Farid, G., & Bilal, M. (2021). Systematic Review of Entreprenurial Marketing. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government Vol, 27(1).
  3. Akbar, F. (2017). The effect of marketing strategies on firm performance: a study of furniture manufacturing SMEs in Johor Malaysia. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia.
  4. Al Mamun, A., & Fazal, S. A. (2018). Effect of entrepreneurial orientation on competency and micro-enterprise performance. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 12(3), 379-398.
  5. Bambale, A. J. a. (2014). Research methodological techniques as a model for quantitative studies in Social Sciences. British Journal of Economics, Management & Trade, 4(6), 862-879.
  6. Carson, D., & Gilmore, A. (2000). Marketing at the interface: not ‘what’but ‘how’. Journal of marketing theory and practice, 8(2), 1-7. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10696679.2000.11501863
  7. Christian, I. C., Chinedu, C. G. s., & Asemota, K. U. (2023). Entrepreneurial marketing and business sustainability of shoe making firms in Rivers State Nigeria. Int J Innov Sci Res Technol, 8(8), 1-15.
  8. Collinson, E., & Shaw, E. (2001). Entrepreneurial marketing–a historical perspective on development and practice. Management Decision, 39(9), 761-766. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000006221
  9. Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches: Sage publications.
  10. Gilmore, A., Carson, D., & Grant, K. (2001). SME marketing in practice. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 19(1), 6-11. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/02634500110363583
  11. Gruber, M. (2004). Marketing in new ventures: theory and empirical evidence. Schmalenbach business review, 56, 164-199. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03396691
  12. Hill, J., & Wright, L. T. (2000). Defining the scope of entrepreneurial marketing: a qualitative approach. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 8(01), 23-46. doi:https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218495800000036
  13. Hills, G. E., & Hultman, C. (2013). Entrepreneurial marketing: Conceptual and empirical research opportunities. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 3(4), 437-448. doi:https://doi.org/10.1515/erj-2013-0064
  14. Homburg, C., Artz, M., & Wieseke, J. (2012). Marketing performance measurement systems: does comprehensiveness really improve performance? Journal of marketing, 76(3), 56-77.
  15. Jones, R., & Rowley, J. (2011). Entrepreneurial marketing in small businesses: A conceptual exploration. International Small Business Journal, 29(1), 25-36. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242610369743
  16. Jones, R., Suoranta, M., & Rowley, J. (2013). Entrepreneurial marketing: a comparative study. The Service Industries Journal, 33(7-8), 705-719. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2013.740470
  17. Kadima, I. (2021). Youth Entrepreneurs in a Digital Environment: Adoption and Utilization of Instagram by Informal Sector Entrepreneurs in the Nairobi Metropolitan Region. University of Nairobi.
  18. Kartawinata, B. R., & Wardhana, A. (2013). Marketing strategies and their impact on marketing performance of Indonesian ship classification society. International Journal of Science and Research, 4(2), 69-74.
  19. Kimathi, D. K. (2020). Effect of Entrepreneurial Marketing on the Performance of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya. JKUAT-COHRED.
  20. Kothari, S. (2014). The size distribution of manufacturing plants and development: International Monetary Fund.
  21. Kraus, S., Filser, M., Eggers, F., Hills, G. E., & Hultman, C. M. (2012). The entrepreneurial marketing domain: a citation and co?citation analysis. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 14(1), 6-26. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/14715201211246698
  22. Kraus, S., Harms, R., & Fink, M. (2010). Entrepreneurial marketing: moving beyond marketing in new ventures. International Journal of entrepreneurship and innovation management, 11(1), 19-34. doi:https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEIM.2010.029766
  23. Kurpayanidi, K. I. (2018). World bank DB2018 rating and its place in the development of the roadmap for entrepreneurship development in Uzbekistan. Paper presented at the International scientific review of the problems of economics and management.
  24. Liliyan, A. (2020). The Effect of Entrepreneurial Marketing on Marketing Performance in SMEs. Journal of Research in Business, Economics, and Education, 2(6), 1311-1320.
  25. Martin, D. M. (2009). The entrepreneurial marketing mix. Qualitative market research: an international journal, 12(4), 391-403. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/13522750910993310
  26. Mehra, S. (2018). Using asset-based criterion to implement quality management philosophy in service operations to enhance business performance. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 35(10), 2195-2211.
  27. Miles, M. P., & Darroch, J. (2008). A commentary on current research at the marketing and entrepreneurship interface. Journal of Small Business Management, 46(1), 46-49. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2007.00230.x
  28. Morris, M. H., & Hills, G. (1992). The role of entrepreneurship in marketing education. Marketing Education Review, 2(2), 1-10. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10528008.1992.11488359
  29. Morris, M. H., Schindehutte, M., & LaForge, R. W. (2002). Entrepreneurial marketing: a construct for integrating emerging entrepreneurship and marketing perspectives. Journal of marketing theory and practice, 10(4), 1-19.
  30. Mort, G. S., Weerawardena, J., & Liesch, P. (2012). Advancing entrepreneurial marketing: Evidence from born global firms. European Journal of marketing, 46(3-4), 542-561. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/03090561211202602
  31. Mo?teanu, N. R., & Mesue, A. D. M. N. (2023). Strategic entrepreneurship approach for a sustainable African ecosystem Corporate sustainability in Africa: Responsible leadership, opportunities, and challenges (pp. 255-280): Springer.
  32. Muangkhot, S., & Ussahawanitchakit, P. (2015). Strategic marketing innovation and marketing performance: an empirical investigation of furniture exporting businesses in Thailand. The Business & Management Review, 7(1), 189.
  33. Muyassirah, M., & Arief, M. (2021). Mengungkap Sistem Pemasaran Nasi Boran Dengan Pendekatan Teori Entrepreneurial Marketing. Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Manajemen (JKIM), 1(2).
  34. Nwekeala, B. B. (2023). ENTREPRENEURIAL CAPABILITIES AND BUSINESS SUCCESS OF SMES IN PORT HARCOURT. BW Academic Journal, 11-11.
  35. O’Donnell, A., Gilmore, A., Cummins, D., & Carson, D. (2001). The network construct in entrepreneurship research: a review and critique. Management Decision, 39(9), 749-760. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000006220
  36. Ogbuji, C. N., Onuoha, O. A., & Owhorchukwu, O. (2016). Brand personality and marketing performance of deposit money banks in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. International Journal of Research, 37.
  37. Oncu, E. (2013). The psychometric properties of the physical education lesson attitude scale for preservice classroom teachers. Australian Journal of Teacher Education (Online), 38(1), 97-114.
  38. Otika, U. S., Ejiofor, U. H., & Olise, C. M. (2019). Risk Perceptions and Online Shopping Intention among Internet Users In Nigeria. The Academy of Management Nigeria (TAMN), 1122.
  39. Ouragini, I., & Lakhal, L. (2024). The impact of entrepreneurial marketing on the firm performance. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 15(2), 6003-6025.
  40. Sahoo, S. (2019). Quality management, innovation capability and firm performance: Empirical insights from Indian manufacturing SMEs. The TQM Journal, 31(6), 1003-1027.
  41. Setiyaningrum, A., & Ramawati, Y. (2020). Peran dimensi-dimensi entrepreneurial marketing dalam mendorong kesuksesan bisnis UMKM di industri ekonomi kreatif. Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 9(2), 125.
  42. Stephen, O. U., Ireneus, N., & Moses, O. C. (2019). Entrepreneurial marketing practices and competitive advantage of small and medium size enterprises in Nigeria. European Journal of Business and Innovation Research, 7(3), 1-30.
  43. Stevenson, H. H., & Jarillo, J. C. (2016). A new entrepreneurial paradigm Socio-economics (pp. 185-208): Routledge.
  44. Stokes, D. (2000a). Entrepreneurial marketing: a conceptualisation from qualitative research. Qualitative market research: an international journal, 3(1), 47-54. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/13522750010310497
  45. Stokes, D. (2000b). Putting entrepreneurship into marketing: the processes of entrepreneurial marketing. Journal of research in marketing and entrepreneurship, 2(1), 1-16.
  46. Tsai, H.-F., & Luan, C.-J. (2016). What makes firms embrace risks? A risk-taking capability perspective. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 19(3), 219-231.
  47. Venkatraman, N., & Ramanujam, V. (1985). Construct validation of business economic performance measures: A structural equation modeling approach. BEBR faculty working paper; no. 1148.
  48. Y?ld?z, S., & Karaka?, A. (2012). Defining methods and criteria for measuring business performance: a comparative research between the literature in Turkey and foreign. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, 1091-1102.