Analysis of income levels and factors influencing the sale of indigenous Papuan vegetables in Sentani Pharaa Market, Jayapura District

https://doi.org/10.35912/gabs.v2i1.3446
Published: Sep 11, 2025

Abstract:

Purpose: This study investigates the factors influencing the income of indigenous Papuan vendors at Pharaa Sentani market, Jayapura Regency, in line with Law No. 21 of 2001 on Special Autonomy, which seeks to improve Papuan welfare through economic empowerment.

Methodology: A quantitative approach was applied using multiple linear regression analysis. Primary data were collected from 49 vendor respondents through questionnaires. The independent variables analyzed include business capital, length of business, working hours, and education.

Results: The analysis shows that business capital, length of business, and education have a significant positive effect on income, contributing 8%, 12.5%, and 30.5%, respectively. Meanwhile, working hours did not significantly influence income, accounting for only 5.8%. Together, the four variables explain 46.8% of income variation, while 53.2% is affected by external factors such as market conditions, social networks, and product quality.

Conclusion: The findings highlight that education and business capital are the most decisive factors for income growth. Longer working hours and years in business alone are insufficient without adequate capital and knowledge.

Limitations: The study is limited to 49 respondents from one market, which may restrict generalization. Other factors such as cultural norms and supply chain constraints were not considered.

Contribution: This research adds to the literature on indigenous economic empowerment and provides recommendations for policymakers to enhance access to education, training, capital, and market infrastructure for Papuan vendors.

Keywords:
1. Business Capital
2. Education
3. Income
4. Indigenous Papuan Vendors
5. Length of Business
6. Working Hours
Authors:
1 . Amos Randalinggi
Cenderawasih University, Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia
2 . J. Ary Mollet
Cenderawasih University, Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia
3 . Hans Z. Kaiwai
Cenderawasih University, Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia
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How to Cite
Randalinggi, A., Mollet, J. A., & Kaiwai, H. Z. (2025). Analysis of income levels and factors influencing the sale of indigenous Papuan vegetables in Sentani Pharaa Market, Jayapura District. Global Academy of Business Studies, 2(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.35912/gabs.v2i1.3446
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Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): July
Articles
References

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    Auliyah, F., & Santoso, R. A. (2022). The Effect of Capital, Working Hours, and Prices on Income of Fish Traders During The 2019 Corona Virus Disease. Innovation Research Journal, 3(1), 26-33. doi:https://doi.org/10.30587/innovation.v3i1.3715

    Begari, P. (2017). Education Level of Street Vendors and its Impact on Performance of the Activity: A Case Study of Hyderabad, Telangana. International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences (IJRESS), 7(7), 436-443.

    Bless, F., & Dampa, D. (2021). Analisis Tingkat Pendapatan Pedagang Sayur-sayuran Pada Pondok Menetap di Kelurahan Amban Kabupaten manokwari. Sosio Agri Papua, 10(2), 189-196. doi:https://doi.org/10.30862/sap.v10i2.155

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    Dedi, S., Toyib, J. R., & Wanimbo, D. (2016). The Role of Papuan Women Trader in Increasing Family Income in Traditional Market of West Papua Province. KnE Social Sciences, 1(1), 95-102. doi:https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v1i1.440

    Dewi, N. N. T. U., & Suci, N. M. (2023). Pengaruh Modal, Tingkat Pendidikan dan Lama Usaha terhadap Pendapatan Pedagang Pasar Tradisional Kalibukbuk Kecamatan Buleleng. Prospek: Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, 5(1), 47–52. doi:https://doi.org/10.23887/pjmb.v5i1.49987

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    Dharmawan, F., & Marna, J. E. (2025). The Effect of Business Capital, Working Hours, and Length of Business on the Income of Street Vendors in the Gor H. Agus Salim Area, Padang City. Sibatik Journal: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Sosial, Ekonomi, Budaya, Teknologi, Dan Pendidikan, 4(7), 1065-1078. doi:https://doi.org/10.54443/sibatik.v4i7.2821

    Gebru, K. M., Leung, M., Rammelt, C., Zoomers, A., & van Westen, G. (2019). Vegetable Business and Smallholders’ Food Security: Empirical Findings from Northern Ethiopia. Sustainability, 11(3), 743. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030743

    Giraldo, M., Garcia-Tello, L., & Rayburn, S. W. (2020). Street Vending: Transformative Entrepreneurship for Individual and Collective Well-Being. Journal of Services Marketing, 34(6), 757-768. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/JSM-08-2019-0322

    Herman, H. (2021). Analysis of Factors Affecting Traders' Income on Traditional Markets in Indonesia. ADPEBI International Journal of Business and Social Science, 1(1), 28-36. doi:https://doi.org/10.54099/aijbs.v1i1.31

    Hutabarat, W. B., & Suasih, N. N. R. (2023). The Influence of the Number of Buyers, Length of Business, Type of Merchandise and The Use of E-Commerce on The Income of Kreneng Folk Market Traders in Denpasar. Jurnal Simki Economic, 6(2), 486-496. doi:https://doi.org/10.29407/jse.v6i2.376

    Ilmi, N. A. L., Ukasyah, A. U. H., Putri, I. M. M., & Adiyanto, M. R. (2023). Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis as a Short-Term Profit Planning Tool at Bobo Bakery & Café. Proceeding International Conference on Economy, Management, and Business, 1(1), 1147-1161.

    Kadir, A., Rahmanto, M. I., Idris, U., & Ali, A. (2020). The Process of Economic Change of the Papuans in Jayapura. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 575(1), 1-14. doi:https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/575/1/012040

    Kussoy, R. I., Walewangko, E. N., & Londa, A. T. (2021). Analisis Faktor Modal Usaha, Lama Usaha, Dan Pendidikan Yang Mempengaruhi Pendapatan Pedagang Di Pasar Serasi Di Kotamobagu. Jurnal Berkala Ilmiah Efisiensi, 21(2).

    Najib, F., Rifa’i, A., Putri, A. A., & Rachman, T. M. R. (2024). Strategies and Challenges of Grocery Traders in Facing Online Market Competition. Perspektif: Journal of Social and Library Science, 2(3), 100-110. doi:https://doi.org/10.70489/perspektif.v2i3.376

    Noor, S., Tajik, O., & Golzar, J. (2022). Simple Random Sampling. International Journal of Education & Language Studies, 1(2), 78-82. doi:https://doi.org/10.22034/ijels.2022.162982

    Nordhagen, S., Lee, J., Monterrosa, E., Onuigbo-Chatta, N., Okoruwa, A., Lambertini, E., & Pelto, G. H. (2023). Where supply and demand meet: How consumer and vendor interactions create a market, a Nigerian example. Food Security, 15(6), 1505-1519. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-023-01397-x

    Priyani, A. P. (2019). Implementasi Tugas Dan Wewenang Majelis Rakyat Papua Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2001 Tentang Otonomi Khusus Papua. El-Iqthisady: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, 56-69. doi:https://doi.org/10.24252/el-iqthisadi.v1i2.11726

    Purnomo, M., Otten, F., & Faust, H. (2018). Indonesian Traditional Market Flexibility Amidst State Promoted Market Competition. Social Sciences, 7(11), 238. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci7110238

    Ramadhan, M. F., & Padang, N. S. (2022). Analisis Tingkat Kesejahteraan Pedagang Mama-Mama Papua setelah Pindah ke Pasar Sentral Kabupaten Mimika. JURNAL KRITIS (Kebijakan, Riset, dan Inovasi), 6(1), 1-20.

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    Rosita, R., Irmanelly, I., & Ermaini, E. (2020). Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pendapatan Pedagang Kaki Lima (Studi Kasus Wisata Taman Jomblo Kotabaru Jambi Pasca Pandemi Covid-19). Eksis: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 11(2), 118-124. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/eksis.v11i2.203

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    Saputra, I., & Irawan, E. (2024). Pengaruh Jam Kerja Dan Tenaga Kerja Terhadap Pendapatan Usaha Mikro Yang Di Moderasi Oleh Kur. Pusat Publikasi Ilmu Manajemen, 2(1), 30-42. doi:https://doi.org/10.59603/ppiman.v2i1.287

    Septiantoro, U. O., & Utomo, C. (2015). Analisa Penetapan Harga Jual Unit Rumah pada Proyek Perumahan Griya Suci Permai Baru, Gresik. Jurnal Teknik ITS, 4(1), 6-10. doi:https://doi.org/10.12962/j23373539.v4i1.8771

    Sintha, L. (2020). Importance of Break-EVEN Analysis for the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. International Journal of Research-GRANTHAALAYAH, 8(6). doi:https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i6.2020.502

    Soemardianto, K. D. (2023). Analisis Pengaruh Modal Kerja, Lama Usaha dan Jam Kerja terhadap Pendapatan Pedagang Kaki Lima di Kawasan Darmo Permai Surabaya Tahun 2021. Economie: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 5(2), 139-150. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/economie.v5i1.3432

    Stewart, D. W. (2022). Marketing's Contribution to Consumer Welfare: A Research Agenda. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 56(4), 1423-1432. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12495

    Sugiyono. (2017). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.

    Swastha, B. (2001). Manajemen Pemasaran Modern. Yogyakarta: BPFE.

    Usman, S. (2019). Analisis Jenis Usaha dan Laba Atas Biaya pada Pedagang di Kabupaten Manokwari. Jurnal Bisnis dan Manajemen, 13(3), 189-195. doi:https://doi.org/10.19184/bisma.v13i3.13771

    Wahyono, B. (2017). Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pendapatan Pedagang di Pasar Bantul Kabupaten Bantul. Jurnal pendidikan dan ekonomi, 6(4), 388-399.

    Wijaya, P. Y., Rahyuda, I. K., Yasa, N. N., & Sukaatmadja, I. P. (2019). Dilemma of Innovation in Silver craft SMEs in Gianyar Regency of Bali Province, Indonesia. Revista Espacios, 40(22).

    Wulandari, N. (2021). Analisis Pengaruh Modal dan Upah Tenaga Kerja Terhadap Pendapatan Usaha Kecil Menengah Kerajinan Kayu di Dusun Rejoso Kecamatan Junrejo Kota Batu. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi JIE, 5(3), 596-607. doi:https://doi.org/10.22219/jie.v5i3.18756

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  2. Anifowose, T. E., Oke, T. I., Oyedele, O. I., Fadeyi, A. A., Alagbe, T. O., & Adebayo, O. A. (2025). Markets in Africa. The Example of Sapon Traditional Market: An Evolution of Cultural Values in the Spatial Planning of Oke-Ona, Abeokuta. Social Evolution & History, 24(1), 95-112. doi:https://doi.org/10.30884/seh/2025.01.05
  3. Auliyah, F., & Santoso, R. A. (2022). The Effect of Capital, Working Hours, and Prices on Income of Fish Traders During The 2019 Corona Virus Disease. Innovation Research Journal, 3(1), 26-33. doi:https://doi.org/10.30587/innovation.v3i1.3715
  4. Begari, P. (2017). Education Level of Street Vendors and its Impact on Performance of the Activity: A Case Study of Hyderabad, Telangana. International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences (IJRESS), 7(7), 436-443.
  5. Bless, F., & Dampa, D. (2021). Analisis Tingkat Pendapatan Pedagang Sayur-sayuran Pada Pondok Menetap di Kelurahan Amban Kabupaten manokwari. Sosio Agri Papua, 10(2), 189-196. doi:https://doi.org/10.30862/sap.v10i2.155
  6. Braun, E. (2024). Capital is Not a Factor of Production but Organizes the Allocation and Distribution of Resources in Capitalism. The Review of Austrian Economics, 1-21. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11138-024-00655-1
  7. Dedi, S., Toyib, J. R., & Wanimbo, D. (2016). The Role of Papuan Women Trader in Increasing Family Income in Traditional Market of West Papua Province. KnE Social Sciences, 1(1), 95-102. doi:https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v1i1.440
  8. Dewi, N. N. T. U., & Suci, N. M. (2023). Pengaruh Modal, Tingkat Pendidikan dan Lama Usaha terhadap Pendapatan Pedagang Pasar Tradisional Kalibukbuk Kecamatan Buleleng. Prospek: Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, 5(1), 47–52. doi:https://doi.org/10.23887/pjmb.v5i1.49987
  9. Dhamayanti, M., Tarigan, R., Fadlyana, E., Prasetyo, D., Amalia, N., Rusmil, V. K., . . . Kartasasmita, C. B. (2020). Immunogenicity and safety of Quadrivalent Influenza HA vaccine in Indonesian children: An open-labeled, bridging, clinical study. Vaccine, 38(5), 993-1000. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.12.008
  10. Dharmawan, F., & Marna, J. E. (2025). The Effect of Business Capital, Working Hours, and Length of Business on the Income of Street Vendors in the Gor H. Agus Salim Area, Padang City. Sibatik Journal: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Sosial, Ekonomi, Budaya, Teknologi, Dan Pendidikan, 4(7), 1065-1078. doi:https://doi.org/10.54443/sibatik.v4i7.2821
  11. Gebru, K. M., Leung, M., Rammelt, C., Zoomers, A., & van Westen, G. (2019). Vegetable Business and Smallholders’ Food Security: Empirical Findings from Northern Ethiopia. Sustainability, 11(3), 743. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030743
  12. Giraldo, M., Garcia-Tello, L., & Rayburn, S. W. (2020). Street Vending: Transformative Entrepreneurship for Individual and Collective Well-Being. Journal of Services Marketing, 34(6), 757-768. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/JSM-08-2019-0322
  13. Herman, H. (2021). Analysis of Factors Affecting Traders' Income on Traditional Markets in Indonesia. ADPEBI International Journal of Business and Social Science, 1(1), 28-36. doi:https://doi.org/10.54099/aijbs.v1i1.31
  14. Hutabarat, W. B., & Suasih, N. N. R. (2023). The Influence of the Number of Buyers, Length of Business, Type of Merchandise and The Use of E-Commerce on The Income of Kreneng Folk Market Traders in Denpasar. Jurnal Simki Economic, 6(2), 486-496. doi:https://doi.org/10.29407/jse.v6i2.376
  15. Ilmi, N. A. L., Ukasyah, A. U. H., Putri, I. M. M., & Adiyanto, M. R. (2023). Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis as a Short-Term Profit Planning Tool at Bobo Bakery & Café. Proceeding International Conference on Economy, Management, and Business, 1(1), 1147-1161.
  16. Kadir, A., Rahmanto, M. I., Idris, U., & Ali, A. (2020). The Process of Economic Change of the Papuans in Jayapura. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 575(1), 1-14. doi:https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/575/1/012040
  17. Kussoy, R. I., Walewangko, E. N., & Londa, A. T. (2021). Analisis Faktor Modal Usaha, Lama Usaha, Dan Pendidikan Yang Mempengaruhi Pendapatan Pedagang Di Pasar Serasi Di Kotamobagu. Jurnal Berkala Ilmiah Efisiensi, 21(2).
  18. Najib, F., Rifa’i, A., Putri, A. A., & Rachman, T. M. R. (2024). Strategies and Challenges of Grocery Traders in Facing Online Market Competition. Perspektif: Journal of Social and Library Science, 2(3), 100-110. doi:https://doi.org/10.70489/perspektif.v2i3.376
  19. Noor, S., Tajik, O., & Golzar, J. (2022). Simple Random Sampling. International Journal of Education & Language Studies, 1(2), 78-82. doi:https://doi.org/10.22034/ijels.2022.162982
  20. Nordhagen, S., Lee, J., Monterrosa, E., Onuigbo-Chatta, N., Okoruwa, A., Lambertini, E., & Pelto, G. H. (2023). Where supply and demand meet: How consumer and vendor interactions create a market, a Nigerian example. Food Security, 15(6), 1505-1519. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-023-01397-x
  21. Priyani, A. P. (2019). Implementasi Tugas Dan Wewenang Majelis Rakyat Papua Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2001 Tentang Otonomi Khusus Papua. El-Iqthisady: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, 56-69. doi:https://doi.org/10.24252/el-iqthisadi.v1i2.11726
  22. Purnomo, M., Otten, F., & Faust, H. (2018). Indonesian Traditional Market Flexibility Amidst State Promoted Market Competition. Social Sciences, 7(11), 238. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci7110238
  23. Ramadhan, M. F., & Padang, N. S. (2022). Analisis Tingkat Kesejahteraan Pedagang Mama-Mama Papua setelah Pindah ke Pasar Sentral Kabupaten Mimika. JURNAL KRITIS (Kebijakan, Riset, dan Inovasi), 6(1), 1-20.
  24. Raya, A. B., Andiani, R., Siregar, A. P., Prasada, I. Y., Indana, F., Simbolon, T. G. Y., . . . Nugroho, A. D. (2021). Challenges, open innovation, and engagement theory at craft smes: Evidence from Indonesian batik. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(2), 121. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7020121
  25. Rosita, R., Irmanelly, I., & Ermaini, E. (2020). Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pendapatan Pedagang Kaki Lima (Studi Kasus Wisata Taman Jomblo Kotabaru Jambi Pasca Pandemi Covid-19). Eksis: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 11(2), 118-124. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/eksis.v11i2.203
  26. Saiba, H. (2019). Muatan Kepentingan Orang Asli Papua dalam Peraturan Daerah di Provinsi Papua Dan Papua Barat. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum: ALETHEA, 2(2), 79-96. doi:https://doi.org/10.24246/alethea.vol2.no2.p79-96
  27. Sairdama, S. S., Matakena, S., Roy, M., & Kogoya, Y. (2023). Analisis Pendapatan Pedagang Pati/Tepung Sagu pada Pasar Sental Kalibobo dan Pasar Karang Tumaritis di Distrik Nabire Kabupaten Nabire. Jurnal Cakrawala Ilmiah, 2(10), 3975-3982. doi:https://doi.org/10.53625/jcijurnalcakrawalailmiah.v2i10.5887
  28. Saputra, I., & Irawan, E. (2024). Pengaruh Jam Kerja Dan Tenaga Kerja Terhadap Pendapatan Usaha Mikro Yang Di Moderasi Oleh Kur. Pusat Publikasi Ilmu Manajemen, 2(1), 30-42. doi:https://doi.org/10.59603/ppiman.v2i1.287
  29. Septiantoro, U. O., & Utomo, C. (2015). Analisa Penetapan Harga Jual Unit Rumah pada Proyek Perumahan Griya Suci Permai Baru, Gresik. Jurnal Teknik ITS, 4(1), 6-10. doi:https://doi.org/10.12962/j23373539.v4i1.8771
  30. Sintha, L. (2020). Importance of Break-EVEN Analysis for the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. International Journal of Research-GRANTHAALAYAH, 8(6). doi:https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i6.2020.502
  31. Soemardianto, K. D. (2023). Analisis Pengaruh Modal Kerja, Lama Usaha dan Jam Kerja terhadap Pendapatan Pedagang Kaki Lima di Kawasan Darmo Permai Surabaya Tahun 2021. Economie: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 5(2), 139-150. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/economie.v5i1.3432
  32. Stewart, D. W. (2022). Marketing's Contribution to Consumer Welfare: A Research Agenda. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 56(4), 1423-1432. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12495
  33. Sugiyono. (2017). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
  34. Swastha, B. (2001). Manajemen Pemasaran Modern. Yogyakarta: BPFE.
  35. Usman, S. (2019). Analisis Jenis Usaha dan Laba Atas Biaya pada Pedagang di Kabupaten Manokwari. Jurnal Bisnis dan Manajemen, 13(3), 189-195. doi:https://doi.org/10.19184/bisma.v13i3.13771
  36. Wahyono, B. (2017). Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pendapatan Pedagang di Pasar Bantul Kabupaten Bantul. Jurnal pendidikan dan ekonomi, 6(4), 388-399.
  37. Wijaya, P. Y., Rahyuda, I. K., Yasa, N. N., & Sukaatmadja, I. P. (2019). Dilemma of Innovation in Silver craft SMEs in Gianyar Regency of Bali Province, Indonesia. Revista Espacios, 40(22).
  38. Wulandari, N. (2021). Analisis Pengaruh Modal dan Upah Tenaga Kerja Terhadap Pendapatan Usaha Kecil Menengah Kerajinan Kayu di Dusun Rejoso Kecamatan Junrejo Kota Batu. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi JIE, 5(3), 596-607. doi:https://doi.org/10.22219/jie.v5i3.18756