Workplace training mediates safety culture towards patient safety

https://doi.org/10.35912/gabs.v2i2.3609
Published: Oct 29, 2025

Abstract:

Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of Safety Culture on Patient Safety, mediated by Work Training, among nurses in the Surgical Hospital CAP. The research focuses on how organizational safety values and continuous training contribute to reducing adverse events and improving healthcare service quality.

Methodology: A quantitative approach was employed with a sample of 100 nurses selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed through the Structural Equation Model (SEM) using Smart PLS to examine both direct and indirect effects among variables.

Results: The results show that Safety Culture significantly affects Patient Safety (t = 2.657, p < 0.05), significantly influences Work Training (t = 14.962, p < 0.05), and Work Training significantly affects Patient Safety (t = 7.554, p < 0.05). Moreover, Work Training mediates the relationship between Safety Culture and Patient Safety (t = 6.775, p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The findings confirm that Safety Culture directly and indirectly enhances Patient Safety through Work Training. A strong safety culture and ongoing professional development are essential for maintaining patient safety and comfort.

Limitations: This study was limited to one hospital with a small sample, which may affect generalizability. Self-reported data may also introduce bias.

Contribution: The research highlights the mediating role of Work Training between Safety Culture and Patient Safety, providing insights for hospital management to develop effective safety and training strategies.

Keywords:
1. Job Training
2. Patient Safety
3. Safety Culture
Authors:
1 . Marcella Aprilia Lonatrista
Krida Wacana Christian University, Jakarta, Indonesia
2 . Hery Winoto Tj
Krida Wacana Christian University, Jakarta, Indonesia
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How to Cite
Lonatrista, M. A., & Tj, H. W. (2025). Workplace training mediates safety culture towards patient safety. Global Academy of Business Studies, 2(2), 101–116. https://doi.org/10.35912/gabs.v2i2.3609
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Issue & Section
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): October
Articles
References

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    Atinafu, D., Getaneh, G., & Setotaw, G. (2024). Assessment of Patient Safety Culture and Associated Factors among Healthcare Professionals in Public Hospitals of Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia: A Mixed-Methods Study. Plos One, 19(11), 1-17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0313321

    Atwa, H., Alfadani, A., Damanhori, J., Seifalyazal, M., Shehata, M., & Abdel Nasser, A. (2024). Healthcare Practitioners’ Attitudes Toward Patient Safety in Hospital Settings in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research, 42(3), 1090-1100. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/AGJSR-03-2023-0113

    Azyabi, A., Karwowski, W., Hancock, P., Wan, T. T., & Elshennawy, A. (2022). Assessing Patient Safety Culture in United States Hospitals. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(4), 1-15. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042353

    Berg, A. M. N., Werner, A., Knutsen, I. R., & Johannessen, A.-K. (2024). Hospital Nurses and Physicians’ Experiences Practicing Patient Safety Work to Recognize Deteriorating Patients: A Qualitative Study. BMC Health Services Research, 24(1), 1-14. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-11908-x

    Campione, J., & Liu, H. (2024). Perceptions of Hospital Electronic Health Record (EHR) Training, Support, and Patient Safety by Staff Position and Tenure. BMC Health Services Research, 24(1), 1-11. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-11322-3

    Faridi, S., Farsi, Z., Rajai, N., Kalyani, M. N., & Fournier, A. J. (2025). Effectiveness of Multimedia Electronic Training on the Nurses' Adherence to Patient Safety Principles: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Health Science Reports, 8(4), 1-10. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70621

    Ghozali, I., & Latan, H. (2015). Partial Least Squares Konsep Teknik dan Aplikasi dengan Program Smart PLS 3.0. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Undip.

    Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling: Rigorous Applications, Better Results and Higher Acceptance. Long Range Planning, 46(1-2), 1-12. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2013.01.001

    Hardana, A. (2024). Analisis Hubungan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dengan Kemiskinan dan Belanja Modal Pemerintah Daerah, Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja, dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia. Studi Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Publik, 2(2), 59-68. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/sekp.v2i2.2344

    Hendri, & Melsandi, N. (2020). Pengaruh Pengawasan dan Kepemimpinan Terhadap Disiplin Kerja Pegawai Pada Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat Kabupaten Lampung Selatan. RELEVANSI: : Journal of Economics, Management and Business, 4(1), 21-28. doi:https://doi.org/10.61401/relevansi.v4i1.35

    Hesgrove, B., Zebrak, K., Yount, N., Sorra, J., & Ginsberg, C. (2024). Associations between Patient Safety Culture and Workplace Safety Culture in Hospital Settings. BMC Health Services research, 24(1), 1-8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-10984-3

    Hodkinson, A., Tyler, N., Ashcroft, D. M., Keers, R. N., Khan, K., Phipps, D., . . . Campbell, S. (2020). Preventable Medication Harm Across Health Care Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BMC Medicine, 18(1), 1-13. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01774-9

    Ishii, K., Fujitani, K., & Matsushita, H. (2024). Interprofessional Collaboration Mediates the Relationship between Perceived Organizational Learning and Safety Climate in Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine, 35(3), 217-232. doi:https://doi.org/10.3233/jrs-230026

    Jabbarpour, Y. M. (2017). Reviewing the Clinical Landscape of Patient Safety in Psychiatry. Focus, 15(4), 1-5. doi:https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.focus.154S04

    Lee, S. E., & Dahinten, V. S. (2020). The Enabling, Enacting, and Elaborating Factors of Safety Culture Associated with Patient Safety: A Multilevel Analysis. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 52(5), 544-552. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12585

    Luxford, K. (2016). ‘First, Do No Harm’: Shifting the Paradigm Towards a Culture of Health. Patient Experience Journal, 3(2), 5-8. doi:https://doi.org/10.35680/2372-0247.1189

    Nabilla, F. A., & Wibisono, D. (2025). Proposed Performance Management System (PMS) using Performance Prism Indicators Case Study at NGO XYZ. Jurnal Bisnis dan Pemasaran Digital, 4(2), 161-182. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jbpd.v4i2.4534

    Ngaliman, N., Catrayasa, I. W., & Khairil, K. (2025). Analysis of Work Life Balance, Job Satisfaction and its Effect on the Performance of Employees of the General Bureau of the Regional Secretariat of the Riau Islands Province. Studi Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Publik, 3(2), 93-107. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jomabs.v2i1.2461

    Nia, I., Fatanilam, F., Simahatie, M., & Chadafi, M. F. (2024). The Influence of Service Quality, Price and Product Quality on Consumer Satisfaction in Digahouse Bireuen District. Proceeding Medan International Conference on Economic and Business, 2, 1131-1141. doi:https://doi.org/10.30596/miceb.v2i0.747

    Noort, M. C., Reader, T. W., Shorrock, S., & Kirwan, B. (2016). The Relationship between National Culture and Safety Culture: Implications for International Safety Culture Assessments. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 89(3), 515-538. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12139

    Pradana, E., Sudrajat, Nauli, P., & Yuliansyah, Y. (2021). Pengaruh Political Connection terhadap Cumulative Abnormal Return dan Trading Volume Activity pada Pemilihan Presiden 2019. Jurnal Studi Pemerintahan dan Akuntabilitas, 1(1), 83-95. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jastaka.v1i1.290

    Putra, N. P. P., & Febriansyah, A. W. (2020). Pengaruh Pengawasan Dan Penghargaan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT. Tunas Dwipa Matra Lampung. RELEVANSI: : Journal of Economics, Management and Business, 4(2), 14-27. doi:https://doi.org/10.61401/relevansi.v4i2.43

    Seshoka, M. J. (2023). Patient Safety Culture in Critical Care Units in Public Hospitals of Tshwane Region. University of Pretoria, South Africa.

    Sexton, J. B., Adair, K. C., Profit, J., Bae, J., Rehder, K. J., Gosselin, T., . . . Frankel, A. (2021). Safety Culture and Workforce well-being Associations with Positive Leadership Walkrounds. The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety, 47(7), 403-411. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjq.2021.04.001

    Susanti, L. D., Reniati, R., & Altin, D. (2025). Sustainable Waste Management Strategy based on Circular Economy in Pangkalpinang City. Studi Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Publik, 3(2), 131-144. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/sekp.v3i2.5528

    Tame, Y. S., Marlissa, E. R., & Ngutra, R. N. (2025). Analysis of the Basic Sector and the Contribution of Economic Sectors to Economic Growth in the City of Jayapura. Studi Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Publik, 3(1), 61-80. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/sekp.v3i1.5261

    Tenza, I. S., Blignaut, A. J., Ellis, S. M., & Coetzee, S. K. (2024). Nurse Perceptions of Practice Environment, Quality of Care and Patient Safety Across Four Hospital Levels Within the Public Health Sector of South Africa. BMC Nursing, 23(1), 1-16. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-01992-z

    Vianney, L. S., & Nurofik, N. (2024). Dampak Corporate Social Responsibility dan Asimetri Informasi terhadap Cost of Equity Capital dengan Kualitas Audit sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi. Jurnal Studi Pemerintahan dan Akuntabilitas, 3(2), 63-70. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jastaka.v3i2.2924

    Zumaroh, & Kusumawati, D. A. (2024). Pencapaian Sustainibilitas Organisasi Melalui Kualitas Kehidupan Kerja. Studi Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Publik, 3(1), 29-42. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/sekp.v3i1.4330

  1. Alharbi, K. M. S., & Aloyuni, S. A. S. (2023). The Importance of Training and Development of employees in improving the quality of health services. International Journal of Health Sciences, 7(1), 2190-2201. doi:https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v7nS1.14473
  2. Atinafu, D., Getaneh, G., & Setotaw, G. (2024). Assessment of Patient Safety Culture and Associated Factors among Healthcare Professionals in Public Hospitals of Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia: A Mixed-Methods Study. Plos One, 19(11), 1-17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0313321
  3. Atwa, H., Alfadani, A., Damanhori, J., Seifalyazal, M., Shehata, M., & Abdel Nasser, A. (2024). Healthcare Practitioners’ Attitudes Toward Patient Safety in Hospital Settings in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research, 42(3), 1090-1100. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/AGJSR-03-2023-0113
  4. Azyabi, A., Karwowski, W., Hancock, P., Wan, T. T., & Elshennawy, A. (2022). Assessing Patient Safety Culture in United States Hospitals. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(4), 1-15. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042353
  5. Berg, A. M. N., Werner, A., Knutsen, I. R., & Johannessen, A.-K. (2024). Hospital Nurses and Physicians’ Experiences Practicing Patient Safety Work to Recognize Deteriorating Patients: A Qualitative Study. BMC Health Services Research, 24(1), 1-14. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-11908-x
  6. Campione, J., & Liu, H. (2024). Perceptions of Hospital Electronic Health Record (EHR) Training, Support, and Patient Safety by Staff Position and Tenure. BMC Health Services Research, 24(1), 1-11. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-11322-3
  7. Faridi, S., Farsi, Z., Rajai, N., Kalyani, M. N., & Fournier, A. J. (2025). Effectiveness of Multimedia Electronic Training on the Nurses' Adherence to Patient Safety Principles: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Health Science Reports, 8(4), 1-10. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70621
  8. Ghozali, I., & Latan, H. (2015). Partial Least Squares Konsep Teknik dan Aplikasi dengan Program Smart PLS 3.0. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Undip.
  9. Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling: Rigorous Applications, Better Results and Higher Acceptance. Long Range Planning, 46(1-2), 1-12. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2013.01.001
  10. Hardana, A. (2024). Analisis Hubungan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dengan Kemiskinan dan Belanja Modal Pemerintah Daerah, Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja, dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia. Studi Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Publik, 2(2), 59-68. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/sekp.v2i2.2344
  11. Hendri, & Melsandi, N. (2020). Pengaruh Pengawasan dan Kepemimpinan Terhadap Disiplin Kerja Pegawai Pada Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat Kabupaten Lampung Selatan. RELEVANSI: : Journal of Economics, Management and Business, 4(1), 21-28. doi:https://doi.org/10.61401/relevansi.v4i1.35
  12. Hesgrove, B., Zebrak, K., Yount, N., Sorra, J., & Ginsberg, C. (2024). Associations between Patient Safety Culture and Workplace Safety Culture in Hospital Settings. BMC Health Services research, 24(1), 1-8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-10984-3
  13. Hodkinson, A., Tyler, N., Ashcroft, D. M., Keers, R. N., Khan, K., Phipps, D., . . . Campbell, S. (2020). Preventable Medication Harm Across Health Care Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BMC Medicine, 18(1), 1-13. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01774-9
  14. Ishii, K., Fujitani, K., & Matsushita, H. (2024). Interprofessional Collaboration Mediates the Relationship between Perceived Organizational Learning and Safety Climate in Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine, 35(3), 217-232. doi:https://doi.org/10.3233/jrs-230026
  15. Jabbarpour, Y. M. (2017). Reviewing the Clinical Landscape of Patient Safety in Psychiatry. Focus, 15(4), 1-5. doi:https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.focus.154S04
  16. Lee, S. E., & Dahinten, V. S. (2020). The Enabling, Enacting, and Elaborating Factors of Safety Culture Associated with Patient Safety: A Multilevel Analysis. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 52(5), 544-552. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12585
  17. Luxford, K. (2016). ‘First, Do No Harm’: Shifting the Paradigm Towards a Culture of Health. Patient Experience Journal, 3(2), 5-8. doi:https://doi.org/10.35680/2372-0247.1189
  18. Nabilla, F. A., & Wibisono, D. (2025). Proposed Performance Management System (PMS) using Performance Prism Indicators Case Study at NGO XYZ. Jurnal Bisnis dan Pemasaran Digital, 4(2), 161-182. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jbpd.v4i2.4534
  19. Ngaliman, N., Catrayasa, I. W., & Khairil, K. (2025). Analysis of Work Life Balance, Job Satisfaction and its Effect on the Performance of Employees of the General Bureau of the Regional Secretariat of the Riau Islands Province. Studi Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Publik, 3(2), 93-107. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jomabs.v2i1.2461
  20. Nia, I., Fatanilam, F., Simahatie, M., & Chadafi, M. F. (2024). The Influence of Service Quality, Price and Product Quality on Consumer Satisfaction in Digahouse Bireuen District. Proceeding Medan International Conference on Economic and Business, 2, 1131-1141. doi:https://doi.org/10.30596/miceb.v2i0.747
  21. Noort, M. C., Reader, T. W., Shorrock, S., & Kirwan, B. (2016). The Relationship between National Culture and Safety Culture: Implications for International Safety Culture Assessments. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 89(3), 515-538. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12139
  22. Pradana, E., Sudrajat, Nauli, P., & Yuliansyah, Y. (2021). Pengaruh Political Connection terhadap Cumulative Abnormal Return dan Trading Volume Activity pada Pemilihan Presiden 2019. Jurnal Studi Pemerintahan dan Akuntabilitas, 1(1), 83-95. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jastaka.v1i1.290
  23. Putra, N. P. P., & Febriansyah, A. W. (2020). Pengaruh Pengawasan Dan Penghargaan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT. Tunas Dwipa Matra Lampung. RELEVANSI: : Journal of Economics, Management and Business, 4(2), 14-27. doi:https://doi.org/10.61401/relevansi.v4i2.43
  24. Seshoka, M. J. (2023). Patient Safety Culture in Critical Care Units in Public Hospitals of Tshwane Region. University of Pretoria, South Africa.
  25. Sexton, J. B., Adair, K. C., Profit, J., Bae, J., Rehder, K. J., Gosselin, T., . . . Frankel, A. (2021). Safety Culture and Workforce well-being Associations with Positive Leadership Walkrounds. The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety, 47(7), 403-411. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjq.2021.04.001
  26. Susanti, L. D., Reniati, R., & Altin, D. (2025). Sustainable Waste Management Strategy based on Circular Economy in Pangkalpinang City. Studi Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Publik, 3(2), 131-144. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/sekp.v3i2.5528
  27. Tame, Y. S., Marlissa, E. R., & Ngutra, R. N. (2025). Analysis of the Basic Sector and the Contribution of Economic Sectors to Economic Growth in the City of Jayapura. Studi Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Publik, 3(1), 61-80. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/sekp.v3i1.5261
  28. Tenza, I. S., Blignaut, A. J., Ellis, S. M., & Coetzee, S. K. (2024). Nurse Perceptions of Practice Environment, Quality of Care and Patient Safety Across Four Hospital Levels Within the Public Health Sector of South Africa. BMC Nursing, 23(1), 1-16. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-01992-z
  29. Vianney, L. S., & Nurofik, N. (2024). Dampak Corporate Social Responsibility dan Asimetri Informasi terhadap Cost of Equity Capital dengan Kualitas Audit sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi. Jurnal Studi Pemerintahan dan Akuntabilitas, 3(2), 63-70. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jastaka.v3i2.2924
  30. Zumaroh, & Kusumawati, D. A. (2024). Pencapaian Sustainibilitas Organisasi Melalui Kualitas Kehidupan Kerja. Studi Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Publik, 3(1), 29-42. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/sekp.v3i1.4330