The effect of providing additional food for students on improving the quality of education in Atuka Village, Mimika District

https://doi.org/10.35912/gams.v1i3.3536
Published: Oct 10, 2025

Abstract:

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the impact of the Supplementary Feeding Program (PMT) on education quality in Kampung Atuka, Mimika Regency, with a focus on academic achievement, attendance rates, and dropout rates. It also considers nutritional status as a mediating factor, and parental support and learning environment as moderating factors.

Research Methodology: The study applied a quantitative approach using descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation, and multiple linear regression, supported by mediation and moderation tests. To complement the quantitative data, qualitative analysis was carried out through interviews with students, teachers, and parents, providing contextual insights into the program’s effectiveness.

Results: The findings indicate that PMT does not directly and significantly affect academic performance or student attendance but improves nutritional status, which is positively associated with academic achievement. The learning environment and parental support were not found to significantly moderate the relationship between PMT and education quality. Nevertheless, both students and teachers observed benefits such as increased energy and better focus during learning activities.

Conclusions: The research concludes that PMT’s role in improving education quality can be optimized when combined with nutritional education programs, active parental involvement, and comprehensive education policies.

Limitations: The study is limited by contextual challenges such as household eating patterns and the limited diversity of supplementary food provided, which reduce the overall impact of PMT.

Contribution: This study contributes to policy discourse by highlighting the importance of integrating PMT with broader nutritional and educational strategies. It offers practical recommendations for local governments, education offices, and schools to strengthen PMT implementation and achieve greater improvements in education quality in remote regions.

Keywords:
1. Academic Achievement
2. Nutritional Status
3. Student Attendance
4. Supplementary Feeding Program
5. Remote Education
Authors:
1 . Simon Roba Patandianan
Universitas Cenderawasih, Indonesia
2 . Risky Novan Ngutra
Universitas Cenderawasih, Indonesia
3 . Hasan Basri Umar
Universitas Cenderawasih, Indonesia
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How to Cite
Patandianan, S. R. ., Ngutra, R. N. ., & Umar, H. B. . (2025). The effect of providing additional food for students on improving the quality of education in Atuka Village, Mimika District. Global Academy of Multidisciplinary Studies, 1(3), 211–225. https://doi.org/10.35912/gams.v1i3.3536
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Issue & Section
Vol. 1 No. 3 (2025): February
Articles
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References

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    Bari, A., & Hidayat, R. (2022). Teori Hirarki Kebutuhan Maslow Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Merek Gadget. Motivasi, 7(1), 8-14. doi:https://doi.org/10.32502/mti.v7i1.4303

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    González Olivares, Á. L., Navarro, Ó., Sánchez-Verdejo, F. J., & Muelas, Á. (2020). Psychological well-being and intrinsic motivation: Relationship in students who begin university studies at the school of education in Ciudad Real. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2054. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02054

    Hanson, W. E., Creswell, J. W., Clark, V. L. P., Petska, K. S., & Creswell, J. D. (2005). Mixed methods research designs in counseling psychology. Journal of counseling psychology, 52(2), 224. doi:https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-0167.52.2.224

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    Lenihan, H., McGuirk, H., & Murphy, K. R. (2019). Driving innovation: Public policy and human capital. Research policy, 48(9), 103791. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2019.04.015

    Martin, J. J., & Guerrero, M. D. (2020). Social cognitive theory Routledge handbook of adapted physical education (pp. 280-295): Routledge.

    Pollitt, E., Watkins, W. E., & Husaini, M. A. (1997). Three-month nutritional supplementation in Indonesian infants and toddlers benefits memory function 8 y later. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 66(6), 1357-1363. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/66.6.1357

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    Schunk, D. H., & DiBenedetto, M. K. (2020). Motivation and social cognitive theory. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 60, 101832. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101832

    Sepriadi, S., Hardiansyah, S., & Syampurma, H. (2017). Perbedaan tingkat kesegaran jasmani berdasarkan status gizi. Media Ilmu Keolahragaan Indonesia, 7(1), 24-34.

    Shanty, M., Mahadtir, M., Awaluddin, A., Natalia, D., Ramadani, R., & Aswi, A. (2024). Statistical Modeling and Factors Influencing School Dropout in Indonesia: A Review. Sainsmat Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, 13, 68-80.

    Shenia, A., Maksum, A., & Affandi, M. (2025). Studi Kasus Dampak Program Makanan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) terhadap Semangat Belajar Siswa di SD Negeri 38 Palembang. Indonesian Journal Of Education, 2, 389-392. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.71417/ije.v2i1.533

    Sugiyono, & Sutopo, S. (2021). Metode penelitian kuantitatif kualitatif dan R dan D. Bandung: Alfabeta.

    Wang, D., Shinde, S., Young, T., & Fawzi, W. W. (2021). Impacts of school feeding on educational and health outcomes of school-age children and adolescents in low-and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of global health, 11, 04051. doi:https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.11.04051

    Werang, B. R., Wea, D., & Wolomasi, A. K. (2022). Working Conditions of Indonesian Remote Elementary School Teachers: A Qualitative Case Study in Southern Papua. Qualitative Report, 27(11). doi:https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2022.5834

  1. Abdi, A., Ngala, S., & Kaindi, D. (2021). Effects of a supplementary feeding program on the nutritional status of children in Daynile District Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia. Journal Of Nutrition And Dietetics Nairobi, 4, 98-111. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.57039/JND_04_01_08
  2. Adriani, M. (2016). Pengantar gizi masyarakat: Prenada Media.
  3. Almatsier, S. (2001). Prinsip dasar ilmu gizi: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
  4. Bachri, B. S. (2010). Meyakinkan validitas data melalui triangulasi pada penelitian kualitatif. Teknologi Pendidikan, 10(1), 46-62.
  5. Bari, A., & Hidayat, R. (2022). Teori Hirarki Kebutuhan Maslow Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Merek Gadget. Motivasi, 7(1), 8-14. doi:https://doi.org/10.32502/mti.v7i1.4303
  6. Becker, G. S. (1975). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis. National Bureau of Economic Research.
  7. Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches: Sage publications.
  8. Cui, X., Wang, C., Liao, J., Fang, Z., & Cheng, F. (2021). Economic policy uncertainty exposure and corporate innovation investment: Evidence from China. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 67, 101533. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2021.101533
  9. Damayanti, A. E. (2016). Hubungan Citra Tubuh, Aktivitas Fisik, Dan Pengetahuan Gizi Seimbang Dengan Status Gizi Remaja Putri. Universitas Airlangga.
  10. Dhaniswara, G. M., Adhitama, G. P., & Darmawan, R. (2023). Literature review: Kontekstualisasi pendekatan kebutuhan Maslow dalam studi interior hunian. Jurnal Desain Interior, 8(1), 1-20. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.12962%2Fj12345678.v8i1.16449
  11. Gallegos, D., Eivers, A., Sondergeld, P., & Pattinson, C. (2021). Food insecurity and child development: a state-of-the-art review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(17), 8990. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18178990
  12. González Olivares, Á. L., Navarro, Ó., Sánchez-Verdejo, F. J., & Muelas, Á. (2020). Psychological well-being and intrinsic motivation: Relationship in students who begin university studies at the school of education in Ciudad Real. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2054. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02054
  13. Hanson, W. E., Creswell, J. W., Clark, V. L. P., Petska, K. S., & Creswell, J. D. (2005). Mixed methods research designs in counseling psychology. Journal of counseling psychology, 52(2), 224. doi:https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-0167.52.2.224
  14. Hanushek, E. A., Ruhose, J., & Woessmann, L. (2017). Knowledge capital and aggregate income differences: Development accounting for US states. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 9(4), 184-224. doi:https://doi.org/10.1257/mac.20160255
  15. Harianto, G. (2021). National Education Policy Analysis System (Law No. 20 Of 2003).
  16. Islamiah, N., Daengsari, D. P., & Hartiani, F. (2015). Cognitive behavior therapy untuk meningkatkan self-esteem pada anak usia sekolah. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, 8(3), 142-152. doi:https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2015.8.3.142
  17. Ivankova, N. V., Creswell, J. W., & Stick, S. L. (2006). Using mixed-methods sequential explanatory design: From theory to practice. Field methods, 18(1), 3-20. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X05282260
  18. Kar, B. R., Rao, S. L., & Chandramouli, B. (2008). Cognitive development in children with chronic protein energy malnutrition. Behavioral and Brain Functions, 4(1), 31. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-9081-4-31
  19. Lenihan, H., McGuirk, H., & Murphy, K. R. (2019). Driving innovation: Public policy and human capital. Research policy, 48(9), 103791. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2019.04.015
  20. Martin, J. J., & Guerrero, M. D. (2020). Social cognitive theory Routledge handbook of adapted physical education (pp. 280-295): Routledge.
  21. Pollitt, E., Watkins, W. E., & Husaini, M. A. (1997). Three-month nutritional supplementation in Indonesian infants and toddlers benefits memory function 8 y later. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 66(6), 1357-1363. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/66.6.1357
  22. Ridwan, D. F. S., & Suryaalamsah, I. I. (2023). Hubungan status gizi dan pengetahuan gizi dengan kejadian anemia pada remaja putri di smp triyasa ujung berung bandung. Muhammadiyah Journal of Midwifery, 4(1), 8-15. doi:https://doi.org/10.24853/myjm.4.1.8-15
  23. Safitri, R. N., & Fitriana, D. A. (2022). Peran Penyediaan Makanan Tambahan Anak Sekolah (PMT-AS) Terhadap Status Gizi Anak. Paper presented at the Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pascasarjana.
  24. Schunk, D. H., & DiBenedetto, M. K. (2020). Motivation and social cognitive theory. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 60, 101832. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101832
  25. Sepriadi, S., Hardiansyah, S., & Syampurma, H. (2017). Perbedaan tingkat kesegaran jasmani berdasarkan status gizi. Media Ilmu Keolahragaan Indonesia, 7(1), 24-34.
  26. Shanty, M., Mahadtir, M., Awaluddin, A., Natalia, D., Ramadani, R., & Aswi, A. (2024). Statistical Modeling and Factors Influencing School Dropout in Indonesia: A Review. Sainsmat Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, 13, 68-80.
  27. Shenia, A., Maksum, A., & Affandi, M. (2025). Studi Kasus Dampak Program Makanan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) terhadap Semangat Belajar Siswa di SD Negeri 38 Palembang. Indonesian Journal Of Education, 2, 389-392. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.71417/ije.v2i1.533
  28. Sugiyono, & Sutopo, S. (2021). Metode penelitian kuantitatif kualitatif dan R dan D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
  29. Wang, D., Shinde, S., Young, T., & Fawzi, W. W. (2021). Impacts of school feeding on educational and health outcomes of school-age children and adolescents in low-and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of global health, 11, 04051. doi:https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.11.04051
  30. Werang, B. R., Wea, D., & Wolomasi, A. K. (2022). Working Conditions of Indonesian Remote Elementary School Teachers: A Qualitative Case Study in Southern Papua. Qualitative Report, 27(11). doi:https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2022.5834