Exploring the key behavioural, functional and strategic competencies in Indian management education

https://doi.org/10.35912/ijfam.v3i1.423
Published: Jun 4, 2021

Abstract:

Purpose: The study’s primary purpose is to identify the critical sustainable competencies and their importance in Indian management education perceived by the stakeholders.

Research Methodology: The study adopted an explanatory research design and a standardised questionnaire to gather data from stakeholder groups.

Results: The results suggest that the competency clusters considered necessary by the main stakeholder groups are behavioural, functional and strategic.

Limitations: Broader perspective with more samples at various locations will add more value to the idea.

Contribution: This paper aims to support both business and academia by recommending a positive collaborative process and building a workforce ready for work.

Keywords:
1. Sustainability
2. Competencies
3. Management education
4. Stakeholders
5. Job markets
Authors:
1 . Nidhi Shukla
School of Management Studies, REVA University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
2 . S K Prasad
School of Management Studies, REVA University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
3 . Urmila Itam
School of Management Studies, REVA University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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How to Cite
Shukla, N., Prasad, S. K., & Itam, U. (2021). Exploring the key behavioural, functional and strategic competencies in Indian management education. International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management, 3(1), 65–82. https://doi.org/10.35912/ijfam.v3i1.423
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Vol. 3 No. 1 (2021): June
Articles
References

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    Akkermans, J., & Kubasch, S. (2017). Trending topics in careers: A review and future research agenda. Career Development International, 22(6), 586–627. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-08-2017-0143.

    Al-Abri, N., & Kooli, C. (2018). Factors affecting the career path choice of graduates: a case of Omani. Int. J. Youth Eco, 2, 105-117.

    American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business. (1987). Outcome measurement project. Phase III Report.

    Anderson, D. M., & Slade, C. P. (2016). Managing institutional research advancement: Implications from a university faculty time allocation study. Research in higher education, 57(1), 99-121.

    Anthony, P. C., Leila, J. G. & Ann, S. M. (1990). Workplace basics: the essential skills employers want. astd best practices series: training for a changing work force. First Edition, Publishers 350 Sansome Street San Francisco, California.

    B Gupta, V., Gollakota, K., & Sreekumar, A. (2003). Quality in business education:a study of the indian context. business education and emerging market economies: trends and prospects conference. Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Retrieved May 26, 2020

    Baruch,Y., Bell, M.P. & Gray, D. (2005). Generalist and specialist graduate business degrees: tangible and intangible value. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67(1), 2005, 51-68.

    Boyatzis, R. E. (2008). Competencies in the 21st century. Journal of Management Development, 27(1), 5-12.

    Boyatzis, R. E. (2009). Competencies as a behavioral approach to emotional intelligence. Journal of Management Development, 28(9), 749-770.

    Boyatzis, R.E. (1982). The competent manager: a model for effective performance. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

    Bridgstock, R. (2009). The graduate attributes we've overlooked: Enhancing graduate employability through career management skills. Higher Education Research & Development, 28(1), 31–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360802444347.

    Buller PF and McEvoy GM. (2012). Strategy, human resource management and performance: sharpening line of sight. Human Resource Management Review, 22(1): 43–56.

    Clinebell, S.K., & Clinebell, J.M. (2008). The tension in business education between academic rigour and real-world relevance: The role of executive professors. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 7(1), 99–107.

    Collins, J. (2001). Level 5 leadership-the triumph of humility and fierce resolve. Harvard Business Review, 67-76.

    Deaconu, Adela , Osoian, Codruta,Zaharie, Monica Achim, Sorin Adrian. (2014). competencies in higher education system: an empirical analysis of employers' perceptions. Amfiteatru Economic Journal, 2247-9104 16 (37), 857-873

    Deming, D.J. (2015). The growing importance of social skills in the labor market. NBER Working Paper 21473, National Bureau of Economic Research.

    Droge, C.; Vickery, S. and Markland, R.E. (1994). Sources and outcomes of competitive advantage: an exploratory study in the furniture industry. Decision Sciences, 25(5/6), 669-689.

    Dutt, R. (2018). After millennials, Gen Z is about to reshape businesses. Business Insider.

    Fleming J, Martin AJ, Hughes H, et al. (2009). Maximizing work integrated learning experiences through identifying graduate competencies for employability: a case study of sport studies in higher education. Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education 10(3), 189–201.

    Goldman, E. F., Scott, A. R., & Follman, J.M. (2015). Organizational practices to develop strategic thinking. Journal of Strategy and Management, 8(2), 155–175.

    Gupta, PB, Saunders, PM & Smith, J. (2007). Traditional master of business administration (mba) versus the mba with specialization: a disconnection between what business schools offer and what employers seek. Journal of Education for Business, 82(6), 307-312.

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    Harrell, M. & Barbato, L. (2018). Great managers still matter: The evolution of Google's Project Oxygen, re:Work with Google.

    Harvard University Competency Dictionary © Development Dimensions Int’l, Inc.2008

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    Hofstrand R. (1996). Getting all the skills employers want. Techniques. Making Education & Career Connections, 71: 51.

    Horn, J. L. (1965). A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrica, 30, 179-185.

    https://facilities.aicte-india.org/dashboard/pages/dashboardaicte.php

    Jackson, D., & Chapman, E. (2012). Non-technical competencies in undergraduate business degree programs: Australian and U.K. perspectives. Studies in Higher Education, 37, 541-567. doi:10.1080/03075079.2010.527935

    Jandrić, P., Knox, J., Besley, T., Ryberg, T., Suoranta, J., & Hayes, S. (2018). Postdigital science and education.

    Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrica, 39, 31-35.

    Kautz, T. (2020). Fostering and measuring skills: Improving cognitive and non-cognitive skills to promote lifetime success. OECD.

    Kooli, C. (2019). Governing and managing higher education institutions: The quality audit contributions. Evaluation and program planning, 77, 101713.

    Kooli, C. (2020). The philosophy of education in the sultanate of Oman: Between perennialism and progressivism. American Journal of Education and Learning, 4(1), 36-49.

    Lado, A. A., & Wilson, M. C. (1994). Human resource systems and sustained competitive advantage: a competencybased perspective. Academy of Management Review, 19, 699-727.

    Le Deist F, D., & Winterton, J. (2005). What is competence?. Human Resource Development International, 8(1), 27-46.

    Leme, R. (2012). Aplicação prática de gestão de pessoas por competências:Mapeamento, treinamento, seleção, avaliação emensuração de resultados de treinamento [Practical application of people management by competences: Mapping, training, selection, evaluation and measurement of training results] (2a ed.). Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Quality Mark.

    Li, L.X. (2000). An analysis of sources of competitiveness and performance of chinese manufacturers. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 20(3), 299-315.

    Macatangay, L.P. (2013). Study of BSCS graduates of lyceum of The Philippines University from 2004-2009. Academic Research International, 4(5), 2013, 361.

    Malerba, F. and Marengo, L. (1995). Competence, innovation activities and economic performance in itallian high-technology firm. International Journal of Technology Management, 10(4-6), 461-477.

    McCauley, C. D., Moxley, R. S., & Van Velsor, E. (1998). The center for creative leadership handbook of leadership development.San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

    McClelland DC. (1973). Testing for competence rather than for 'intelligence'. American Psychologist 28(1), 1.

    McLagan, P. A. (1997). Competencies: the next generation. Training and Development, 51(5), 40-48.

    Meñez N.L., & Tracer. (2014). Study of the masters in business administration (MBA) Graduates from 2008-2012, Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences, 1(1), 14-18, 2014.

    Metri, B., Sridhar,M.K., M, Jayadev. & Sheriff, M.A. (2018) January. Model curriculum for management program (MBA & PGDM) All India Council for Technical Education, Nelson Mandela Marg, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi–110070 www.aicte-india.org.

    Mihir Sharma. (2017). Whether that's a good or bad thing remains to be seen https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2017-09-08/india-s-youth-are-the-world-s-future

    Nicholls A. (2018). Managing educational innovations, New York: Routledge Library Editions: Education Management , Volume Taylor & Francis Group.

    Pfeffer, J., & Sutton, R. I. (2000). The knowing-doing gap: How smart companies turn knowledge into action. Boston MA: Harvard Business School Press.

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    Rothwell, A., & Arnold, J. (2007). Self-perceived employability: Development and validation of a scale. Personnel Review, 36(1), 23–41.

    Ryan, G., Emmerling, R.J. & Spencer, L.M. (2009). Distinguishing high-performing European executives: the role of emotional, social and cognitive competencies. Journal of Management Development, 28(9): 859–875.

    Sanghi, S. (2016). The Handbook of competency mapping .New Delhi, India . SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd.

    Shafer, L. (2017). Interpersonal skills and today's job market - jobs requiring high levels of

    Sirgy, M. J., & Lee, D. J. (2018). The psychology of life balance. e-Handbook of subjective well-being. NobaScholar. social interaction are growing. What does that mean for schools?

    Spencer, L.M., & Spencer, S,M. (1993). Competence at work. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

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    The employment mismatch. (2013). Chronicle of higher education

    The Higher Education Forum supported by 1SOS & Westat. (2010). Skill gap survey: survey for the indian banking ,financial services, and insurance Sector.

    Thi Mai Anh NGUYEN (2008). Functional competencies and their effects on performance of manufacturing companies in Vietnam Thesis presented to the Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences at the University of Fribourg (Switzerland) in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Economics and Social Sciences

    Thomas, H., Thomas, L., & Wilson, A. (2013). The unfulfilled promise of management education (M.E.): The role, value and purpose of M.E. Journal of Management Education, 32(5), 460–476.

    Vikas Gupta, Jeff Schwartz, Rajat Mishra, and Jagadish Upadhyaya. (2019). Laying the foundation for the future of work in India, Insights from the 2019 Deloitte Deans' Summit.

    Wheebox, India skills report 2020.

    Wikipedia. (2020). Business school.

    Wiley Education Services & Future Workplace. (2019). Closing the skill gap 2019. Louisville, KY; Wiley edu LLC.

    Wille, B., De Fruyt, F., & Feys, M. (2013). Big five traits and intrinsic success in the new career era: A 15-year longitudinal study on employability and Work–Family conflict. Applied Psychology, 62(1), 124–156. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2012.00516.x.

    Wolff, S.B. (2008). Emotional and social competency inventory: technical manual up-dated ESCI research titles and abstracts, The Hay Group, Boston, MA. https://www.aicte-india.org/

    Zhao, Y. (2018). The changing context of teaching and implications for teacher education. Peabody Journal of Education, 93(3), 295-308.

    Zhu, X., & Liu, J. (2020). Education in and after Covid-19: Immediate responses and long-term visions. Postdigital Science and Education, 2(3), 695-699.

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  2. Akkermans, J., & Kubasch, S. (2017). Trending topics in careers: A review and future research agenda. Career Development International, 22(6), 586–627. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-08-2017-0143.
  3. Al-Abri, N., & Kooli, C. (2018). Factors affecting the career path choice of graduates: a case of Omani. Int. J. Youth Eco, 2, 105-117.
  4. American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business. (1987). Outcome measurement project. Phase III Report.
  5. Anderson, D. M., & Slade, C. P. (2016). Managing institutional research advancement: Implications from a university faculty time allocation study. Research in higher education, 57(1), 99-121.
  6. Anthony, P. C., Leila, J. G. & Ann, S. M. (1990). Workplace basics: the essential skills employers want. astd best practices series: training for a changing work force. First Edition, Publishers 350 Sansome Street San Francisco, California.
  7. B Gupta, V., Gollakota, K., & Sreekumar, A. (2003). Quality in business education:a study of the indian context. business education and emerging market economies: trends and prospects conference. Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Retrieved May 26, 2020
  8. Baruch,Y., Bell, M.P. & Gray, D. (2005). Generalist and specialist graduate business degrees: tangible and intangible value. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67(1), 2005, 51-68.
  9. Boyatzis, R. E. (2008). Competencies in the 21st century. Journal of Management Development, 27(1), 5-12.
  10. Boyatzis, R. E. (2009). Competencies as a behavioral approach to emotional intelligence. Journal of Management Development, 28(9), 749-770.
  11. Boyatzis, R.E. (1982). The competent manager: a model for effective performance. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  12. Bridgstock, R. (2009). The graduate attributes we've overlooked: Enhancing graduate employability through career management skills. Higher Education Research & Development, 28(1), 31–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360802444347.
  13. Buller PF and McEvoy GM. (2012). Strategy, human resource management and performance: sharpening line of sight. Human Resource Management Review, 22(1): 43–56.
  14. Clinebell, S.K., & Clinebell, J.M. (2008). The tension in business education between academic rigour and real-world relevance: The role of executive professors. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 7(1), 99–107.
  15. Collins, J. (2001). Level 5 leadership-the triumph of humility and fierce resolve. Harvard Business Review, 67-76.
  16. Deaconu, Adela , Osoian, Codruta,Zaharie, Monica Achim, Sorin Adrian. (2014). competencies in higher education system: an empirical analysis of employers' perceptions. Amfiteatru Economic Journal, 2247-9104 16 (37), 857-873
  17. Deming, D.J. (2015). The growing importance of social skills in the labor market. NBER Working Paper 21473, National Bureau of Economic Research.
  18. Droge, C.; Vickery, S. and Markland, R.E. (1994). Sources and outcomes of competitive advantage: an exploratory study in the furniture industry. Decision Sciences, 25(5/6), 669-689.
  19. Dutt, R. (2018). After millennials, Gen Z is about to reshape businesses. Business Insider.
  20. Fleming J, Martin AJ, Hughes H, et al. (2009). Maximizing work integrated learning experiences through identifying graduate competencies for employability: a case study of sport studies in higher education. Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education 10(3), 189–201.
  21. Goldman, E. F., Scott, A. R., & Follman, J.M. (2015). Organizational practices to develop strategic thinking. Journal of Strategy and Management, 8(2), 155–175.
  22. Gupta, PB, Saunders, PM & Smith, J. (2007). Traditional master of business administration (mba) versus the mba with specialization: a disconnection between what business schools offer and what employers seek. Journal of Education for Business, 82(6), 307-312.
  23. Hagel, J., Brown, J.S., & Wooll, M. (2019). Skills change, but capabilities endure: Why fostering human capabilities first might be more important than reskilling in the future of work. Deloitte Insights.
  24. Hamel, G., & Heene, A. (1994). Competence-based competition. Wiley.
  25. Hamel, G., & Prahalad, C. K. (1994). Competing for the future. Harvard business review, 72(4), 122-128.
  26. Harrell, M. & Barbato, L. (2018). Great managers still matter: The evolution of Google's Project Oxygen, re:Work with Google.
  27. Harvard University Competency Dictionary © Development Dimensions Int’l, Inc.2008
  28. Hitt, M.A. and Irelend, R.D. (1985). Corporate distintive competence, strategy, industry and performance. Strategic Management Journal, 6(3), 273-293.
  29. Hofstrand R. (1996). Getting all the skills employers want. Techniques. Making Education & Career Connections, 71: 51.
  30. Horn, J. L. (1965). A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrica, 30, 179-185.
  31. https://facilities.aicte-india.org/dashboard/pages/dashboardaicte.php
  32. Jackson, D., & Chapman, E. (2012). Non-technical competencies in undergraduate business degree programs: Australian and U.K. perspectives. Studies in Higher Education, 37, 541-567. doi:10.1080/03075079.2010.527935
  33. Jandri?, P., Knox, J., Besley, T., Ryberg, T., Suoranta, J., & Hayes, S. (2018). Postdigital science and education.
  34. Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrica, 39, 31-35.
  35. Kautz, T. (2020). Fostering and measuring skills: Improving cognitive and non-cognitive skills to promote lifetime success. OECD.
  36. Kooli, C. (2019). Governing and managing higher education institutions: The quality audit contributions. Evaluation and program planning, 77, 101713.
  37. Kooli, C. (2020). The philosophy of education in the sultanate of Oman: Between perennialism and progressivism. American Journal of Education and Learning, 4(1), 36-49.
  38. Lado, A. A., & Wilson, M. C. (1994). Human resource systems and sustained competitive advantage: a competencybased perspective. Academy of Management Review, 19, 699-727.
  39. Le Deist F, D., & Winterton, J. (2005). What is competence?. Human Resource Development International, 8(1), 27-46.
  40. Leme, R. (2012). Aplicação prática de gestão de pessoas por competências:Mapeamento, treinamento, seleção, avaliação emensuração de resultados de treinamento [Practical application of people management by competences: Mapping, training, selection, evaluation and measurement of training results] (2a ed.). Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Quality Mark.
  41. Li, L.X. (2000). An analysis of sources of competitiveness and performance of chinese manufacturers. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 20(3), 299-315.
  42. Macatangay, L.P. (2013). Study of BSCS graduates of lyceum of The Philippines University from 2004-2009. Academic Research International, 4(5), 2013, 361.
  43. Malerba, F. and Marengo, L. (1995). Competence, innovation activities and economic performance in itallian high-technology firm. International Journal of Technology Management, 10(4-6), 461-477.
  44. McCauley, C. D., Moxley, R. S., & Van Velsor, E. (1998). The center for creative leadership handbook of leadership development.San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  45. McClelland DC. (1973). Testing for competence rather than for 'intelligence'. American Psychologist 28(1), 1.
  46. McLagan, P. A. (1997). Competencies: the next generation. Training and Development, 51(5), 40-48.
  47. Meñez N.L., & Tracer. (2014). Study of the masters in business administration (MBA) Graduates from 2008-2012, Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences, 1(1), 14-18, 2014.
  48. Metri, B., Sridhar,M.K., M, Jayadev. & Sheriff, M.A. (2018) January. Model curriculum for management program (MBA & PGDM) All India Council for Technical Education, Nelson Mandela Marg, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi–110070 www.aicte-india.org.
  49. Mihir Sharma. (2017). Whether that's a good or bad thing remains to be seen https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2017-09-08/india-s-youth-are-the-world-s-future
  50. Nicholls A. (2018). Managing educational innovations, New York: Routledge Library Editions: Education Management , Volume Taylor & Francis Group.
  51. Pfeffer, J., & Sutton, R. I. (2000). The knowing-doing gap: How smart companies turn knowledge into action. Boston MA: Harvard Business School Press.
  52. Radin, J., Hatfield, S., Schwartz, J., & Bordeaux, C.(2020) .Closing the employability skills gap The answer is simpler than you may think. https://www2.deloitte.com/.
  53. Rothwell, A., & Arnold, J. (2007). Self-perceived employability: Development and validation of a scale. Personnel Review, 36(1), 23–41.
  54. Ryan, G., Emmerling, R.J. & Spencer, L.M. (2009). Distinguishing high-performing European executives: the role of emotional, social and cognitive competencies. Journal of Management Development, 28(9): 859–875.
  55. Sanghi, S. (2016). The Handbook of competency mapping .New Delhi, India . SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd.
  56. Shafer, L. (2017). Interpersonal skills and today's job market - jobs requiring high levels of
  57. Sirgy, M. J., & Lee, D. J. (2018). The psychology of life balance. e-Handbook of subjective well-being. NobaScholar. social interaction are growing. What does that mean for schools?
  58. Spencer, L.M., & Spencer, S,M. (1993). Competence at work. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  59. Stigter, M., & Cooper, C. L. (2016). Solving the strategy delusion: mobilizing people and realizin distinctive strategies. London: Palgrave.
  60. The Deloitte Global Millennial Survey. (2019). Societal discord and technological transformation create a "generation disrupted", accessed August 29,2019.
  61. The employment mismatch. (2013). Chronicle of higher education
  62. The Higher Education Forum supported by 1SOS & Westat. (2010). Skill gap survey: survey for the indian banking ,financial services, and insurance Sector.
  63. Thi Mai Anh NGUYEN (2008). Functional competencies and their effects on performance of manufacturing companies in Vietnam Thesis presented to the Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences at the University of Fribourg (Switzerland) in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Economics and Social Sciences
  64. Thomas, H., Thomas, L., & Wilson, A. (2013). The unfulfilled promise of management education (M.E.): The role, value and purpose of M.E. Journal of Management Education, 32(5), 460–476.
  65. Vikas Gupta, Jeff Schwartz, Rajat Mishra, and Jagadish Upadhyaya. (2019). Laying the foundation for the future of work in India, Insights from the 2019 Deloitte Deans' Summit.
  66. Wheebox, India skills report 2020.
  67. Wikipedia. (2020). Business school.
  68. Wiley Education Services & Future Workplace. (2019). Closing the skill gap 2019. Louisville, KY; Wiley edu LLC.
  69. Wille, B., De Fruyt, F., & Feys, M. (2013). Big five traits and intrinsic success in the new career era: A 15-year longitudinal study on employability and Work–Family conflict. Applied Psychology, 62(1), 124–156. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2012.00516.x.
  70. Wolff, S.B. (2008). Emotional and social competency inventory: technical manual up-dated ESCI research titles and abstracts, The Hay Group, Boston, MA. https://www.aicte-india.org/
  71. Zhao, Y. (2018). The changing context of teaching and implications for teacher education. Peabody Journal of Education, 93(3), 295-308.
  72. Zhu, X., & Liu, J. (2020). Education in and after Covid-19: Immediate responses and long-term visions. Postdigital Science and Education, 2(3), 695-699.