Purpose: The study examines the effect of gearing ratios on the operating cash flow performance of 36 manufacturing firms listed on the Nigeria Stock Exchange from 2011 to 2018 financial years. The study evaluated the effect of capital gearing, income and the operating gearing ratios on the operating cash flow of quoted manufacturing firms. Research methodology: The study adopts an ex post facto research design utilizing a final sample of thirty-six (36) purposively selected manufacturing firms quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE). The study utilized financial statement data compiled by MachameRATIOS®. The data were analyzed using multiple regression techniques. Results: There is a negative effect of capital and income gearing ratio on operating cash flows with the former not significant, and a positive non-significant effect of operating gearing ratio on operating cash flow. Limitations: The focus on consumer and industrial goods firms limits the generalizability of the study findings to other sectors of the economy. The study did not test for Granger causality. Contribution: The study contributes to the literature in the context of developing countries, on the importance of monitoring the different gearing ratios, more especially the income gearing ratio to ensure positive cash flow. The findings also confirm that managers from emerging economies can alter business risk to sustain favorable performance. The study has implications for investors assessing investment decisions on the need to be wary of the different market and financial risk profiles computed from the various measures in making informed investment decisions.

Purpose: It has been discovered that SMS advertising perception has a considerable direct or indirect impact on customer purchase intention. Based on the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) framework, this study focuses on providing an empirically supported response to this specific topic in the context of Bangladeshi university students after the COVID pandemic era. Research methodology: The study employed a two-stage hybrid approach using structural equation modeling and artificial neural network modeling to assess and validate the findings. The study used convenience sampling and a structured questionnaire to gather data from undergraduate students. Results: The results indicate that SMS advertising perception significantly influences purchasing intention. Attitude toward SMS advertisement and advertising value also mediate the relationship. Limitations: The research is limited to the Dhaka metropolitan area in Bangladesh, and customer experience may differ in other places. Future studies should concentrate on different geographic regions to explore the topic more. Only young customers were considered in this study; outcomes for other consumers may differ. Contribution: The study serves to broaden the area of research on SMS advertising perception and its impact on purchase intention in Bangladesh. Additionally, it helps marketers by encouraging better decision-making when developing successful marketing campaigns employing mobile-based SMS service advertisements after the pandemic epoch. Novelty: It also allows experimental data to validate the SOR framework in the context of young consumers by applying partial least squares and artificial neural network techniques.

Purpose: This study examined the effect of debt attitude and peer influence on the debt behavior of paylater users by the millennial generation. Research methodology: This study used a quantitative approach. The research method used in this study is a survey method. The instrument was a questionnaire made with Google Forms. The analysis method used in this research is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), with Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis technique using SmartPLS 3. The population was working millennials in Indonesia. Samples were chosen using a non-probability sampling technique with a purposive sampling method so that the total sample size was 100 people. Results: The results of this study proved that debt attitude had a significant effect on the debt behavior of paylater users of the millennial generation. However, peer influence had no significant effect on the debt behavior of paylater users by the millennial generation. Limitations: This study is limited to a few factors: debt attitude and peer influence. Moreover, this study only collects data from the junior millennial generation in Indonesia, which results in narrowing this study. Contribution: The information provided by this study can help authorities identify the determinants of debt behavior and address the rising debt levels.

Purpose: Unemployment is a big problem both in developed and less developed countries. This study was aimed at investigating the determinants of youth unemployment in Duna district using cross-sectional survey data gathered in 2020. It is assumed to be a major macroeconomic problem in deriving economic growth and food security. Reducing youth unemployment is crucial to achieving sustainable economic development and alleviating poverty. Research methodology: Multi-stage sampling methods were developed to select the sample from a given population. Through considering the availability of youth unemployed, six kebeles with a sample youth of 361 were selected. Primary and secondary sources of data were used. Descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression were employed for the data analysis. Results: The results of binary logit regression revealed that youth unemployment was significantly affected by age, sex, educational status (secondary and higher education), cultivated land size, marital status, credit use, information use, family wealth, infrastructure, work experiences, and migration. Limitations: This research is limited by the scope, men, and women young unemployed were not equally studied. Without inclusion, women in the studies may not ensure sustainable economic development and alleviate the problem of young unemployment and poverty. Contribution: Ministry of youth, sports and culture, microfinance institutions, and other concerned bodies should give important attention to youth unemployment which is a major problem in achieving economic growth and alleviating poverty. Reduction in the level of youth unemployment would consequently improve youth income and which in turn improve living standards.