JGAS

Article Details

Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): January

Government Size and Digital Inequality in Indonesia

https://doi.org/10.35912/jgas.v4i1.1981
27 Jan 2024

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the impact of government size in the field of infrastructure on digital inequality in Indonesia.

Research Methodology: This study uses panel data analysis with the Common Effect Model (CEM), Fixed Effect Model (FEM), and Random Effect Model (REM) approaches using research samples from the Central Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Finance, and International Telecommunication Union in Indonesia.

Results: The results indicate that government-sized infrastructure has a negative and significant effect on the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Index, while the square government-sized infrastructure or infrastructure expenditure optimization effect has a positive and significant impact on the ICT Index, and the implementation of the infrastructure budget supports digital equity.

Conclusions: This study examines the impact of government size on digital inequality in Indonesia at the regional level, using data from 2016–2020. The results show that a smaller government size has a positive impact on the ICT Index, while a larger government size leads to a negative, nonlinear effect on regional ICT indices.

Limitation: This study was limited to the national level of each region in Indonesia.

Contributions: This study aims to serve as a reference for government considerations in strategic policies related to infrastructure spending and issues of the technology change strategy.

Novelty: This study contributes to the existing literature by exploring the critical role of government spending on infrastructure in bridging the digital divide in Indonesia, with a particular focus on digital infrastructure.

Keywords

Digital Inequality Government Infrastructure Gross Domestic Product

How to Cite

Yulianita, A., Subardin, S., & Zulfikri, Z. (2024). Government Size and Digital Inequality in Indonesia. Journal of Governance and Accountability Studies, 4(1), 31–41. https://doi.org/10.35912/jgas.v4i1.1981

Download Citation

Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

References

  1. Antonietti, R., Burlina, C., & Rodriguez-Pose, A. (2025). Digital technology and regional income inequality: Are better institutions the solution? Papers in Regional Science, 104(2), 100079. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pirs.2025.100079
  2. Arifianto, T. (2011). Membuat Interface aplikasi android lebih keren dengan LWUIT. Yogyakarta: Andi Publisher.
  3. Badulescu, D., Simut, R., Badulescu, A., & Badulescu, A.-V. (2019). The relative effects of economic growth, environmental pollution and non-communicable diseases on health expenditures in European Union countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(24), 5115. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16245115
  4. Barro, R. J. (1990). Government spending in a simple model of endogeneous growth. Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), 103-125. doi:https://doi.org/10.1086/261726
  5. BPS. (2021). Statistik Telekomunikasi Indonesia 2020. Retrieved from https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2021/10/11/e03aca1e6ae93396ee660328/statistik-telekomunikasi-indonesia-2020.html
  6. Buhtz, K., Reinartz, A., König, A., Graf-Vlachy, L., & Mammen, J. (2016). Second-order digital inequality: A clickstream analysis of e-commerce use. Mechanisms driving technology use in the context of digital inequality: A series of essays on the role of social influence, socio-cognitive processes, and socio-economic determinants, 132.
  7. Buracom, P. (2016). The distributional effects of social spending in Thailand: Evidence from a new database. Asian Politics & Policy, 8(2), 263-279. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/aspp.12245
  8. Cigna, L. (2018). Digital inequality in theory and practice: Old and new divides in the broadband era. doi:https://doi.org/10.31211/interacoes.n34.2018.a3
  9. Cole, M. A., Elliott, R. J., & Zhang, J. (2009). Corruption, governance and FDI location in China: A province-level analysis. The Journal of Development Studies, 45(9), 1494-1512. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380902890276
  10. De Marco, S. (2021). E-government and digital inequality: The Spanish case study. International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age (IJPADA), 8(1), 1-19. doi:https://doi.org/10.4018/ijpada.290307
  11. Di Liddo, G., Magazzino, C., & Porcelli, F. (2018). Government size, decentralization and growth: empirical evidence from Italian regions. Applied Economics, 50(25), 2777-2791. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2017.1409417
  12. Ebbers, W. E., Jansen, M. G., & van Deursen, A. J. (2016). Impact of the digital divide on e-government: Expanding from channel choice to channel usage. Government Information Quarterly, 33(4), 685-692. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2016.08.007
  13. Fitriani, N. P., Nugroho, A. E. J. K., Samsiyah, I. F., Fitriyani, A. R., & Kusbiarsi, A. (2025). The impact of digital learning technology on the quality of education in Indonesia: A systematic literature review. Sosioedukasi: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan dan Sosial, 14(4), 3142-3154. doi:https://doi.org/10.36526/sosioedukasi.v14i4.6386
  14. Hargittai, E., & Hinnant, A. (2008). Digital inequality: Differences in young adults' use of the Internet. Communication Research, 35(5), 602-621. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650208321782
  15. Heeks, R. (2021). From digital divide to digital justice in the Global South: Conceptualising adverse digital incorporation. Manchester Centre for Digital Development Working, 90, 1-13. doi:https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3907633
  16. Henrekson, M. (1988). Swedish government growth: A disequilibrium analysis Contributions to Economic Analysis (Vol. 171, pp. 93-132): Elsevier. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-70426-9.50010-x
  17. Holt, R. P., & Pressman, S. (2001). What is post keynesian economics? A New Guide to Post-Keynesian Economics (pp. 16-25): Routledge.
  18. Islam, M. N., & Inan, T. T. (2021). Exploring the fundamental factors of digital inequality in Bangladesh. Sage Open, 11(2), 21582440211021407. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211021407
  19. Jahan, S., Mahmud, A. S., & Papageorgiou, C. (2014). What is Keynesian economics. International Monetary Fund, 51(3), 53-54.
  20. Junistia, E., Nearti, Y., & Jayanti, N. (2025). Pengaruh fluktuasi harga cabai keriting (capsicum annum l) terhadap pendapatan petani di Desa Lubuk Saung Kecamatan Banyuasin III Kabupaten Banyuasin. Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian dan Peternakan, 3(1), 1-14. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jipper.v3i1.5409
  21. Kartiasih, F., Djalal Nachrowi, N., Wisana, I. D. G. K., & Handayani, D. (2023). Inequalities of Indonesia’s regional digital development and its association with socioeconomic characteristics: a spatial and multivariate analysis. Information Technology for Development, 29(2-3), 299-328. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2022.2110556
  22. Khrystoslavenko, O., & Grubliauskas, R. (2022). Investigation of acoustic efficiency of wood charcoal in impedance tube for usage in sound-reflective devices. Sustainability, 14(15), 9431. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159431
  23. Lamartina, S., & Zaghini, A. (2011). Increasing public expenditure: Wagner's law in OECD countries. German Economic Review, 12(2), 149-164. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0475.2010.00517.x
  24. Leguina, A., & Downey, J. (2021). Getting things done: Inequalities, Internet use and everyday life. New Media & Society, 23(7), 1824-1849. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211015979
  25. Lissitsa, S. (2015). Digital use as a mechanism to accrue economic capital: a Bourdieusian perspective. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 28(4), 464-482. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2015.1081557
  26. Lutz, C. (2019). Digital inequalities in the age of artificial intelligence and big data. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 1(2), 141-148. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.140
  27. Silcock, R. (2001). What is e-government. Parliamentary affairs, 54(1), 88-101. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/54.1.88
  28. Sutrisno, E. (2019). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Cetak ke sebelas. Jakarta: Prananda Media Group.
  29. Vedder, R. K., & Gallaway, L. E. (1998). Government size and economic growth: The Committee.
  30. Yahaya, A. M., Salahudeen, H., & Zubairu, D. (2021). Building a resilient infrastructure: challenges of rural transportation in Soba Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Journal of Governance and Accountability Studies (JGAS), 1(1), 69-82. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jgas.v1i1.370

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Authors

1 . Anna Yulianita
Sriwiijaya University, Indonesia
2 . Subardin Subardin
Sriwiijaya University, Indonesia
3 . Zulfikri Zulfikri
Sriwiijaya University, Indonesia

Downloads

View PDF

Statistics

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Issue

Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): January
Section: Articles
WhatsApp Instagram Facebook LinkedIn Email