The impact of climate change on ecosystem services and socio-economic conditions of Char Dwellers in Northern Regions of Bangladesh

https://doi.org/10.35912/jgas.v2i1.618
Published: Feb 7, 2022

Abstract:

Purpose: The proposed livelihood framework approach facilitates an understanding of the linkages between char livelihood strategies, asset status, and the way of using available natural resources.

Research methodology: The study was conducted by a Questionnaire interview, Focus Group Discussion, Key Informant Interviews, and secondary data. Climatic factors like varying temperature, rainfall, sunshine, and wind speed were detailed studied.

Results: In this study, we identified several indicators viz., five livelihood capitals (human, natural, social, physical, and financial) that are vulnerable now but have a prospectus, climatic disaster, and threat that faced with char dwellers are floods, riverbank erosion, thunder, heatwave, cold wave, and erratic rainfall. Finally, the present status of the Ecosystem Services negatively impacts livelihood and agricultural practices.

Limitations: Sustainable livelihoods do not support analysis of political economy factors and the future difficulties of climate change are a significant worry for the reasonable development of the locale are the major limitations of the research.

Contribution: This study will be contributing achievement of ecosystem management the executives in agricultural nations like Bangladesh e.g. subject to Good Governance and the current strength of biodiversity and environment elements.

Keywords:
1. Bangladesh
2. Char land
3. Climate change
4. Climatic factors
5. Ecosystem services
6. Livelihoods
Authors:
1 . Mst. Amena Khatun
Bangladesh Rural Development Board, Dhaka, Bangladesh
2 . Md. Abdul Baten
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Meteorological Department, Dhaka
3 . Murad Ahmed Farukh
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Meteorological Department, Dhaka
4 . Md. Omar Faruk
Assistant Communication Engineer, Bangladesh Meteorological Department, Dhaka
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How to Cite
Khatun, M. A., Baten, M. A., Farukh, M. A., & Faruk, M. O. (2022). The impact of climate change on ecosystem services and socio-economic conditions of Char Dwellers in Northern Regions of Bangladesh. Journal of Governance and Accountability Studies, 2(1), 29–48. https://doi.org/10.35912/jgas.v2i1.618
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Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): January
Articles
References

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  1. Afifi, T., Milan, A., Etzold, B., Schraven, B., & Rademacher-Schulz, C. (2016). Human mobility in response to rainfall variability, opportunities for migration as a successful adaptation strategy in eight case studies. Migr Dev 5(2), 254–274. https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2015.1022974
  2. Amos, E., Akpan, U., & Ogunjobi, K. (2015). Households’ perception and livelihood vulnerability to climate change in a coastal area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Environment, development and sustainability, 17(4), 887-908.
  3. Agrawal, A., & Perrin, N. (2008). Climate adaptation, local institutions, and rural livelihoods. IFRI Working Paper, Wo8I-6.
  4. Bachler, G. (1999). Violence through environmental discrimination. Kluwer, Dordrecht.
  5. Baki, A. B. M., & Gan, T. Y. (2012). Riverbank migration and island dynamics of the braided Jamuna River of the Ganges-Brahmaputra basin using multi-temporal Landsat images. Quaternary International, 263, 148-161.
  6. Barnett, J. (2003) Security and climate change. Glob Environ Chang 13(1), 7–17.
  7. Barnett, J. (2001). The Meaning of Environmental Security: Ecological Politics and Policy in the New Security Era. Zed Books, London and New York.
  8. Bhatta, L. D. (2016). Ecosystem service changes and Livelihood impacts in the Maguri-Motapung wetlands of Assam, India. Land, 5, 15. Doi:10.3390/land5020015.
  9. Bhatta, L. D., van Oort, B. E. H., Stork, N. E., & Baral, H. (2015). Ecosystem services and livelihoods in a changing climate: Understanding local adaptations in the Upper Koshi, Nepal. International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management, 11(2), 145-155.
  10. Boon, E., & Ahenkan, A. (2012). Assessing climate change impacts on ecosystem services and livelihoods in Ghana: Case Study of Communities around Sui Forest Reserve. Journal of Ecosystem & Echography S3:001. DO:10,4172/2157-7625.S3-001.
  11. Boumans, R., Costanza, R., Farley, J., Villa, F., & Wilson, M. (2002). Modeling the dynamics of the integrated earth system and the value of global ecosystem services using the GUMBO Model. Ecological Economics, 41, 529-560.
  12. Buhaug, H. (2010) Climate not to blame for African Civil Wars. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107 (38), 16477–16482.
  13. Burke, M.B., Miguel, E., Satyanath, S., Dykema, J.A., & Lobell, D.B. (2009) Warming increases the risk of civil war in Africa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:20670–20674.
  14. Carr, E. R. (2013). Livelihoods as intimate government: reframing the logic of livelihoods for development, Third World Quarterly, 34, 1, 77-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2012.755012.
  15. Campos, J.J. (2012) Sustainability in our region. p. 16. In: Sustainability Report 2011. Inter- American Development Bank, Washington, USA. www.iadb.org/en/topics/sustainability/2011-sustainability report,1520. html (accessed 10 May 2013).
  16. Chapin, F. S., Matson, P. A., & Mooney, H. A. (2002). Carbon input to terrestrial ecosystems. Principles of terrestrial ecosystem ecology, 97-122.
  17. CNA Corporation (2007). National security and the threat of climate change, Alexandria, VA: CNA Corporation. Online. Available HTTP: http:// securityandclimate.cna.org/report/(accessed 7 May 2007).
  18. Costanza, R., d'Arge, R., De Groot, R., Farber, S., Grasso, M., Hannon, B., & Van Den Belt, M. (1997). The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 387(6630), 253-260.
  19. De Groot, R. S., Wilson, M. A., & Boumans, R. M. J. (2002). A typology for the classification, description, and valuation of ecosystem services function, goods, and services. Ecological Economics, 41, 393-408.
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  21. Ellis, F. (2000). Rural livelihoods and diversity in developing countries. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.DC.1-10.
  22. Everard, M., Kataria, G., Kumar, S., & Gupta, N. (2021). Assessing livelihood-ecosystem interdependencies and natural resource governance in a tribally controlled region of India’s north-eastern middle Himalayas. Environment, Development and Sustainability 23, 7772–7790.
  23. Finlayson, C. M., D’Cruz, R., & Davidson, N. C. (2005). Wetlands and water. Ecosystem services and human well-being. World Resources Institute, Washington DC.
  24. Food and Agriculture (2005). The State of Food and Agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 211 pp.
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  26. German Ministry of the Environment (2002). Climate Change and Conflict. Environmental Policy. Bonn: Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, and Nuclear Safety. www.bmu.de/files/pdfs/allgemein/application/pdf/climges.pdf.
  27. Gurevitch, J., Scheiner, G. M., & Fox, G. A. (2006). The Ecology of Plants (Second ed.). Sunderland, Massachusetts. Sinauer Associates. Annals of Botany, 99, 371-374.
  28. Hesselberg, J., & Yaro, J. A. (2006). An assessment of the extent and causes of food insecurity in northern Ghana using a livelihood vulnerability framework. GeoJounal, 67: 41-55.
  29. Hutton, D., & Haque, C. E. (2003). Patterns of coping and adaptation among erosion-induced displaces in Bangladesh. Implications for hazard analysis and mitigation. Natural Hazards, 29(3), 405-421.
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  33. Islam, M. R., & Hossain, D. (2014). Island char resources mobilization (ICRM): Changes of livelihoods of vulnerable people in Bangladesh. Social Indicators Research, 117(3), 1033-1054.
  34. Islam, M. R., & Hasan, M. (2016). Climate-induced human displacement: a case study of cyclone aila in the south-west coastal region of Bangladesh. Natural Hazards, 81(2), 1051-1071.
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  40. Magadza, C.H.D. (2010). Indicators of above normal rates of climate change in the middle Zambezi Valley, Southern Africa. Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management 15, 167-192.
  41. Mehring, M., Zajonz, U., & Hummel, D. (2017). Social-ecological dynamics of ecosystem services: Livelihoods and the functional relation between ecosystem service supply and demand—Evidence from Socotra archipelago, Yemen and the Sahel region, West Africa. Sustainability, 9(7), 1037.
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  45. Morshed, M.N. (2013). Biodiversity of Some Selected Areas of TanguarHaor, MS Thesis, Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.
  46. Moyo, S., & Chambati, W. (2013). Land and Agrarian Reform in Zimbabwe: Beyond White-Settler Capitalism. Edited by Sam Moyo &Walter Chambati. Dakar, CODESRIA & AIAS, 2013, 372 p., ISBN 978-2-86978-553-3
  47. Mubaya, C.P. & Ndebele-Murisa, M.R. (2017). Beyond agriculture: a landscape approach towards adaptation under a changing climate in Omay Communal Lands, Zimbabwe. In Zinyengere, N., Theodory, T.F., Gebreyes, M., Ifejika-Speranza, F. (Eds.), Beyond Agricultural Impacts: Multiple Perceptions on Adaptation to Climate Change and Agriculture in Africa. Academic Press, Elsevier, UK Pgs, pp. 101-123.
  48. Musakwa, W., Mpofu, E.. & Nyathi. N. A. (2020). Local community perceptions on landscape change, ecosystem services, climate change, and livelihood in gonarezhou national park, Zimbabwe. Sustainability, 12, 4610. Doi:10.3390/su12114610.
  49. Nahar, T. (2013). Biodiversity of some selected haor areas in kishoregonj district, MS Thesis, department of environmental science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.
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  52. Paul, S., & Islam, M. R. (2015). Ultra-poor char people's rights to development and accessibility to public services. A case of Bangladesh. Habitat International, 48, 113-121.
  53. Pereira, P. (2020). Ecosystem services in a changing environment. Science of the total environment, 702, 135008.
  54. Reed, M. S., Podesta, G., Fazey, I., Geeson, N., Hessel, R., & Hubacek, K. (2013). Combining analytical frameworks to assess livelihood vulnerability to climate change and analyze adaptation options. Ecological Economics, 94, 66-77.
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  56. Rickebusch, S., Metzger, M.J., Xu, G., Vogiatzakis, I.N., Potts, S.G., Stirpe, M.T., & Rounsevell, M.D.A. ( 2011). A qualitative method for the spatial and thematic downscaling of land-use change scenarios. Environmental Science & Policy 14, 268–278.
  57. Scheffran, J., Brzoska, M., Kominek, J., Link, P.M., & Schilling, J. (2012) Climate change and violent conflict. Science 336(6083), 869–871.
  58. Schulze, E.D., Erwin, B. & Klaus, M.H. (2005). Plant Ecology. Berlin, Springer, ISBN 3-540-20833-X.
  59. Schwartz, P., & Randall, D. (2003). An abrupt climate change scenario and its implications for United States National Security. Washington, DC. Available at www.gbn.com/articles/pdfs/Abrupt% 20Climate%20Change%20February%202004.pdf (Accessed on 17 April 2013).
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  61. Suhrke, A. (1997). Environmental degradation, migration, and the potential for violent conflict. Ch. 16. In Gleditsch NP et al (eds) Conflict and the environment. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 255– 272.
  62. Tansley, A. G. (1935). The use and abuse of vegetational terms and concepts. Ecology, 16 (3), 284-307. Doi:10.2307/1930070. JSTOR 1930070.
  63. Theisen, O.M. (2012). Climate clashes? Weather variability, land pressure, and organized violence in Kenya, 1989–2004. J Peace Res 49(1), 81–96.
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