Purpose: This study investigates the nature, magnitude, and potential remedies for electoral violence in Nigeria, Ghana, and Kenya, with the aim of offering evidence-based insights for mitigating its occurrence. Methods: A descriptive survey design was adopted. Data were collected using the Comprehensive Electoral Violence Questionnaire (r = 0.82), which was developed to measure stakeholders’ perceptions of electoral violence. A total of 1,800 participants (600 from each country) responded to items addressing the nature, scale, and possible solutions to electoral violence in the three countries. Results: The findings revealed that the most prominent features of electoral violence include poor civic education, the misuse of state resources by incumbent governments, and the influence of foreign actors. The magnitude of violence is reflected in the widespread use of firearms, the involvement of large, organized groups, and the targeting of specific ethnic or religious communities. Key remedies identified were ensuring judicial independence for peaceful resolution of disputes, promoting civic education, and strengthening electoral commissions. Conclusions: Electoral violence in Africa is multifaceted, deeply rooted in governance weaknesses, and exacerbated by systemic and external factors. Addressing this requires institutional reforms, public education, and impartial legal mechanisms. Limitations: The study relied solely on self-reported data from selected stakeholders, which may have introduced perception bias and limited generalizability. Contributions: This study offers comparative insights into three African democracies and provides actionable policy recommendations for reducing electoral violence and strengthening democratic resilience.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a voter education instructional package in improving the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) framework for preventing electoral violence among youths in Ondo City, Nigeria. Methodology/approach: A quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group approach was adopted. The sample consisted of 183 youths of voting age, selected from four communities. The experimental group received a structured voter education package over eight weeks, while the control group was exposed to traditional instructional techniques. Data were collected using five validated questionnaires. ANCOVA was used for analysis. Results/findings: The study found that the treatment significantly improved participants' knowledge (F = 28.275, p < 0.05) and practice (F = 21.810, p < 0.05) regarding electoral violence prevention. However, there was no significant effect on attitude (F = 0.195, p > 0.05). Gender did not have a significant impact on any of the KAP components (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The voter education package significantly enhanced knowledge and practice among youths in Ondo City, making it a promising strategy for preventing electoral violence. However, it did not significantly change attitudes, suggesting that attitude transformation requires more extensive engagement. Limitations: The study focused on a specific region, and the sample size was limited to one state. Future studies should explore other regions and implement longitudinal assessments. Contribution: The study contributes to the field by offering an evidence-based voter education package that can be adopted in Nigeria and other developing democracies to mitigate electoral violence among youth.

Purpose: The aim of this research is to compile data on the potential tax of hotels, restaurants, and entertainment in Bangka Regency in 2023. Research Methodology: We used in this study are primary and secondary data. The researcher used stratified random sampling for fifty-one Local Taxpayers in Bangka Regency. Data analysis employed a micro approach to obtain target projections and potential local tax revenue projections in Bangka Regency, specifically for Certain Goods and Services Tax (Restaurant Tax, Hotel Tax, and Entertainment Tax). Results: Research findings indicate that it is possible to improve the realization of Restaurant Tax revenue in the future. The biggest potential for Hotel from 4-star hotels.About 11% of Entertainment Tax potential has been realized, so it is very likely to improve the realization of Entertainment Tax revenue in the future. Conclusions: Hotel and restaurant taxes fall into the developing category, while entertainment tax falls into the backward category. The growth projections for hotel and restaurant taxes can be further improved in the future. Innovative programs and more attention to local taxes in the backward category are efforts to enhance regional tax revenue. Limitations: This research is limited to examining three studies of local tax objects in Bangka Regency. Contribution: For future researchers, it is recommended to further examine the aspects of compliance of Local Taxpayers and to delve deeper into other Local Tax objects not included in this study.