Movie and music preferences influencing students’ cultural knowledge in the Yorùbá society

https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v5i3.2426
Published: May 28, 2025

Abstract:

Purpose: This study examined how Yorùbá and Non-Yorùbá movie and music preferences correlated with secondary students’ knowledge of Yorùbá cultural concepts in Ibadan, a metropolitan Yoruba society.

Research methodology: The study adopted a correlational survey research design. Randomly selected 350 SS II students in Ibadan filled the Students’ Questionnaire on Movie Preferences (r=.93); Students’ Questionnaire on Music Preferences (r=.91); and Yorùbá Cultural Concepts Knowledge Test (r=.81) self-designed for data collection. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis at p<0.05.

Results: Findings revealed that knowledge of Yorùbá cultural concepts had a positive correlation with students’ preferences for Yorùbá movie (r = .575; p<.05) and music (r = .564; p<.05) but a negative correlation with students’ preferences for non-Yorùbá movie (r = -.551; p<.05) and music (r = -.485; p<.05). The composite contribution of the independent variables was significant (F (4, 345) = 56.201, p<.05). Preference for Yorùbá music (?= .227) had the highest relative contribution.

Conclusions: Preferences for Yorùbá movie and music are important in improving students’ knowledge of Yorùbá cultural concepts.

Limitations: The study was limited to Yoruba and non-Yoruba movies and music, and Yoruba indigenes taking Yoruba as a subject in secondary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria. Future studies should focus on other media products and their influence on cultural knowledge in other Nigerian societies.

Contribution: This study established that indigenous music can increase students’ cultural knowledge. This has practical implications for the use of music in indigenous languages and cultural teaching in secondary schools. Therefore, Secondary school students should be encouraged to regularly listen to traditional Yorùbá music and watch Yorùbá movies on all available media, while teachers also utilize them in teaching.

Keywords:
1. Students’ cultural knowledge
2. Yorùbá movie
3. Non-Yorùbá movie
4. Yorùbá music
5. Non-Yorùbá music
Authors:
Ifeoluwa Theophilus Akinsola
University of Ibadan, Nigeria
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Akinsola, I. T. (2025). Movie and music preferences influencing students’ cultural knowledge in the Yorùbá society. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 5(3), 211–223. https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v5i3.2426
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Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): May
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References

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    Adeleke, D. A. (1995). Audience reception of Yoruba films: Ibadan as a case study. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (Nigeria).

    Adeleke, D. A. (2023). Culture, art and film in an African society: an evaluation. Nordic Journal of African Studies, 12(1), 8-8. https://doi.org/10.53228/njas.v12i1.339

    Adéoyè, A. (2023). Ìt?pinpin orírun, à?à, p??lú àgbéy??wò àw?n ohun ì????báyé Yorùbá: ??y??: Immaculate-City Publishers.

    Adetunji, R. (2018). Improving students’ achievement in Yorùbá vocabulary: implication for teacher subject mastery and passion for teaching. International Journal of Arts and Social Sciences Education (IJASSE), 1(1&2).

    Adeyinka, A. (2025). Effects of Two Numerical Systems on Students’ Achievement in, and Attitude to, Yoruba Numerals. A. Unpublished Ph. D Thesis. Department of Teacher Education, University of Ibadan.

    Adeyinka, A. (2024). Effects of langauge proficiency and attitude on achievement in Yoruba essay writing of senior secondary students in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo state.

    Adeyinka, A. (2016). Teacher competence and attitude as correlates of achievement in Yoruba language in Ibadan north-west local government area.

    Adeyinka, A., & Adeoye, A. (2013). Effects of bilingual and peer-tutoring instructional strategies on pre-service teachers’ achievement in Yorùbá translation.

    Adeyinka, A., & Ajibola, A. (2015). Availability, use and relevance of Yoruba songs and rhymes in pre-school education in Ondo west local government area of Ondo state.

    Adeyinka, A., & Akinsola, I. (1957). Language Diversity and the Problem of Ethnicity in Nigeria: Any Solution in Sight? Language, 1.

    Adeyinka, A., & Akinsola, I. (2017). ’Fíìmù Àgbéléwò G??g?? bí Ohun-èlò Ìk??ni ní À?à Àti Lítíré??? Alohùn Yorùbá: Fíìmù Arugbá Àti Ba???run Gáà G??g?? bí Àwota’’. Yoruba Studies in a Changing World: A Festschrift for Olugboyega Alaba.

    Adeyinka, A., & Ilesanmi, Y. (2016). Psychological factors predictors of students' academic achievement in Yoruba language in senior secondary schools in Egbeda local government, Oyo state, Nigeria.

    Adeyinka, A. A., & Ilesanmi, Y. (2024). Text transformation and freewriting methods as determinants of achievement in Yoruba essay writing in senior secondary schools in Ibadan, Oyo state.

    Akinsola, I., & Adeyinka, A. (2020). Yoruba Film Genral Preference and Secondary School Students' Achievement In Yoruba Cultural Concepts In Ibadan Metropolis. Africa Journal of Education Research, 22(1), 56-69.

    Akinsola, I., & Adeyinka, A. A. (2018). The Reflection of Teachers in Selected Yoruba Comic Films: A Satire and A Label.

    Akinsola, I., & Ilesanmi, Y. (2018). The thematic relevance of Yorùbá oral literature in Tunde Kelani’s film–Agogo Eewo. Akungba Journal of Linguistics and Literatures, 9, 312-323.

    Akinsola, I. T. (2020a). Nollywood Reception Preferences among Selected Multilingual Nigerian Undergraduates in the University of Ibadan: Does Ethnicity Still Matter. American Journal of Qualitative Research, 4(1), 38-48. https://doi.org/10.29333/ajqr/8210

    Akinsola, I. T. (2020b). Yorùbá films in time perspective: Past, present, and future. yoruba studies review, 5(1.2), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.32473/ysr.v5i1.2.130121

    Akinsola, I. T., & Olaosebikan, B. O. (2021). Content Adequacy of Oral Literature in Selected English Studies Textbooks: Implications for Inculcating Moral Values into In-School Adolescents. International Journal of Social Learning (IJSL), 1(3), 250-259.

    Akinsola, I. T., & Olatunji, S. O. (2022). Yor?bá Indigenous Musical Jingles on COVID-19: A Content Appraisal Indigenous African Popular Music, Volume 2: Social Crusades and the Future (pp. 199-216): Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98705-3_12

    Blaz, D. (2002). Bringing the Standards for Foreign Language Learning to Life: Routledge.

    Boer, D. (2019). Music makes the people come together: Social functions of music listening for young people across cultures. Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington.

    Fehintola, J., & Audu, U. (2022). Impact of home video watch on the academic performance of students in selected public secondary school in Ido lga of Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria. Academic Research International, 3(2), 270.

    Gomez-Dominguez, M., Fonseca-Mora, M. C., & Machancoses, F. H. (2019). First and foreign language early reading abilities: The influence of musical perception. Psychology of music, 47(2), 213-224. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735617746734

    Haghverdi, H. R. (2015). The effect of song and movie on high school students language achievement in Dehdasht. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 192, 313-320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.045

    Ismaili, M. (2023). The effectiveness of using movies in the EFL classroom–A study conducted at South East European University. Academic Journal of interdisciplinary studies, 2(4), 121-132. 10.5901/ajis.2012.v2n4p121

    Israel, H. F. (2023). Language learning enhanced by music and song. Literacy information and computer education journal (LICEJ), 2(1), 1360-1365. 10.20533/licej.2040.2589.2013.0180

    Khaghaninejad, M. S., & Fahandejsaadi, R. (2016). Music and language learning.

    Kondo, A. (2009). The Effects of Film-based Instruction on Japanese Students’ Attitudes toward Learning English. Research Reports of Nara Technical College, 45, 69-80.

    Ku?nierek, A. (2016). The role of music and songs in teaching English vocabulary to students. World Scientific News, 43(1), 1-55.

    Ludke, K. M. (2009). Teaching foreign languages through songs. University of Edinburgh.

    Makinde, S. O., & Adetokun, R. B. (2018). Teacher and School Factors Predicting Learning Outcomes in Yoruba Orthography among Senior Secondary School Students in Oyo State, Nigeria.

    Mirana, V., & Mirana, A. E. (2016). Effects of Documentary Films on Students’ Attitude towards Science: A Pretest and Posttest Study. Paper presented at the International Conference Proceedings of URUAE and ICEHM.

    Mora, C. F. (2000). Foreign language acquisition and melody singing. ELT journal, 54(2), 146-152. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/54.2.146

    Nadya, L. (2022). Ukrainian Cinematography In The Context Of State Governance Historical Development. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 2(4), 343-355. https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v2i4.1081

    NERDC. (2023). Yoruba language curriculum (SS 1-3). Retrieved from http://nerdc.org.ng/eCurriculum/

    Norberte, N. (2024). Implementation and responsiveness of indigenous people education program in Socsargen. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 4(4), 263-275. https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v4i4.1990

    Odejobi, C. O. (2024). Influence of Watching Yoruba Home Video Films on Secondary School Students Academic Performance in Yoruba Language in Ile-Ife Metropolis, Osun State, Nigeria. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 4(10), 125-130.

    Okeoma, F. C. (2022). A study of the influence of home movies on the dressing patterns of students of tertiary institutions in Abia state. University of Nigeria.

    Olabode, E. (2017). Social (home environment and school related factors) as predictors of senior secondary students’ achievement in Yorùbá culture in south western Nigeria. Further Thoughts on Language Education and the Curriculum Nexus for Sustainable Developemnt in Nigeria: A Festschrift in Honour of Professor Clement Olusegun Olaniran Kolawole, 89-106.

    Olaosebikan, B., & Akinsola, I. (2023). Awareness of sustainable development related themes in selected African Literature-in-English texts among senior secondary school students in Nigeria.

    ?látúnjí, ?. O. (1984). Features of Yoruba oral poetry. (No Title).

    Oludare, O. (2019). Preserving history through popular music: A study of Ebenezer Obey’s Juju music: Retrieved.

    Omoera, O. S., Edemode, J. O., & Aihevba, P. (2017). IMPACT OF NOLLYWOOD FILMS ON CHILDREN'S BEHAVIOUR IN EKPOMA, NIGERIA. Asian & African Studies (13351257), 26(2).

    ?m?l?lá, B. (2013). The study of oral tradition in Yorùbá movies. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of South Africa (South Africa).

    Omoniyi, T. O. (2020). Appraisal of harmful traditional practices in Nigeria: Magnitude, justifications and interventions. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 1(1), 67-78. https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v1i1.335

    Ordu, S., & Odukwu, B. (2022). THEATRE: Ngugi and Revolution in The Trial of Dedan Kimathi. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 3(1), 17-27. https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v3i1.1036

    Oyeladun, T. S., Akinsola, I. T., & Adeyinka, A. A. Effect of Semantic Gradients Instructional Strategy on Secondary School Students’ Achievement in Yorùbá Vocabulary in Ibadan South-West Local Government.

    Palinkaševi?, R., & Stoli?, J. (2017). THE INFLUENCE OF MUSIC EXPERIENCE ON THE ACQUISITION OF PHONEMES IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE. Studii de ?tiint? ?i Cultur?, 13(4).

    Parlakian, R., & Lerner, C. (2010). Beyond Twinkle, Twinkle. Young children, 14-19.

    Pastor, M. E. Z., & Fajardo, M. T. M. (2017). The Effect of CSI Movies on Students’ Chemistry Achievement and Attitude towards Chemistry. American Journal of Educational Research, 5(2), 144-149. 10.12691/education-5-2-6

    Perry, M. J. M. (2013). Effects of visual media on achievement and attitude in a secondary biology classroom. A Master’s Research Project Presented to The Faculty of the Patton College of Education and Human Services Ohio University.

    Popoola, O. (2018). Teacher variables as predictors of students’ achievement in Yorùbá reading comprehension in selected secondary schools in Ido local government area. Project, Department of Teacher Education, University of Ìbàdàn. xi, 75.

    Rhinehart, M. (2011). Incorporating Music, Literature, and Culture in Communities of Second Language Learners.

    Roncaglia-Denissen, M. P., Roor, D. A., Chen, A., & Sadakata, M. (2016). The enhanced musical rhythmic perception in second language learners. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 10, 288. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00288

    Tabatabaei, O., & Gahroei, F. R. (2011). The Contribution of Movie Clips to Idiom Learning Improvement of Iranian EFL Learners. Theory & Practice in Language Studies (TPLS), 1(8). 10.4304/tpls.1.8.990-1000

    Udofia, N., & Tom, E. (2013). Evaluation of Nollywood movies' explicit contents and the sexual behavior of youth in Nigerian secondary schools.

    Yüksel, D. (2016). Using songs in teaching English to very young learners. Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU)-Do?u Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ).

    Zeromskaite, I. (2014). The potential role of music in second language learning: A review article. Journal of European Psychology Students, 5(3), 78-88. https://doi.org/10.5334/jeps.ci

    Zhang, Q. (2013). The impact of film and film-based activities on the attitudes of English-speaking secondary-school students towards L2 Chinese. Journal of Creative Practices in Language Learning and Teaching (CPLT), 1(2), 1-17.

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  2. Adeleke, D. A. (1995). Audience reception of Yoruba films: Ibadan as a case study. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (Nigeria).
  3. Adeleke, D. A. (2023). Culture, art and film in an African society: an evaluation. Nordic Journal of African Studies, 12(1), 8-8. https://doi.org/10.53228/njas.v12i1.339
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  5. Adetunji, R. (2018). Improving students’ achievement in Yorùbá vocabulary: implication for teacher subject mastery and passion for teaching. International Journal of Arts and Social Sciences Education (IJASSE), 1(1&2).
  6. Adeyinka, A. (2025). Effects of Two Numerical Systems on Students’ Achievement in, and Attitude to, Yoruba Numerals. A. Unpublished Ph. D Thesis. Department of Teacher Education, University of Ibadan.
  7. Adeyinka, A. (2024). Effects of langauge proficiency and attitude on achievement in Yoruba essay writing of senior secondary students in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo state.
  8. Adeyinka, A. (2016). Teacher competence and attitude as correlates of achievement in Yoruba language in Ibadan north-west local government area.
  9. Adeyinka, A., & Adeoye, A. (2013). Effects of bilingual and peer-tutoring instructional strategies on pre-service teachers’ achievement in Yorùbá translation.
  10. Adeyinka, A., & Ajibola, A. (2015). Availability, use and relevance of Yoruba songs and rhymes in pre-school education in Ondo west local government area of Ondo state.
  11. Adeyinka, A., & Akinsola, I. (1957). Language Diversity and the Problem of Ethnicity in Nigeria: Any Solution in Sight? Language, 1.
  12. Adeyinka, A., & Akinsola, I. (2017). ’Fíìmù Àgbéléwò G??g?? bí Ohun-èlò Ìk??ni ní À?à Àti Lítíré??? Alohùn Yorùbá: Fíìmù Arugbá Àti Ba???run Gáà G??g?? bí Àwota’’. Yoruba Studies in a Changing World: A Festschrift for Olugboyega Alaba.
  13. Adeyinka, A., & Ilesanmi, Y. (2016). Psychological factors predictors of students' academic achievement in Yoruba language in senior secondary schools in Egbeda local government, Oyo state, Nigeria.
  14. Adeyinka, A. A., & Ilesanmi, Y. (2024). Text transformation and freewriting methods as determinants of achievement in Yoruba essay writing in senior secondary schools in Ibadan, Oyo state.
  15. Akinsola, I., & Adeyinka, A. (2020). Yoruba Film Genral Preference and Secondary School Students' Achievement In Yoruba Cultural Concepts In Ibadan Metropolis. Africa Journal of Education Research, 22(1), 56-69.
  16. Akinsola, I., & Adeyinka, A. A. (2018). The Reflection of Teachers in Selected Yoruba Comic Films: A Satire and A Label.
  17. Akinsola, I., & Ilesanmi, Y. (2018). The thematic relevance of Yorùbá oral literature in Tunde Kelani’s film–Agogo Eewo. Akungba Journal of Linguistics and Literatures, 9, 312-323.
  18. Akinsola, I. T. (2020a). Nollywood Reception Preferences among Selected Multilingual Nigerian Undergraduates in the University of Ibadan: Does Ethnicity Still Matter. American Journal of Qualitative Research, 4(1), 38-48. https://doi.org/10.29333/ajqr/8210
  19. Akinsola, I. T. (2020b). Yorùbá films in time perspective: Past, present, and future. yoruba studies review, 5(1.2), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.32473/ysr.v5i1.2.130121
  20. Akinsola, I. T., & Olaosebikan, B. O. (2021). Content Adequacy of Oral Literature in Selected English Studies Textbooks: Implications for Inculcating Moral Values into In-School Adolescents. International Journal of Social Learning (IJSL), 1(3), 250-259.
  21. Akinsola, I. T., & Olatunji, S. O. (2022). Yor?bá Indigenous Musical Jingles on COVID-19: A Content Appraisal Indigenous African Popular Music, Volume 2: Social Crusades and the Future (pp. 199-216): Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98705-3_12
  22. Blaz, D. (2002). Bringing the Standards for Foreign Language Learning to Life: Routledge.
  23. Boer, D. (2019). Music makes the people come together: Social functions of music listening for young people across cultures. Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington.
  24. Fehintola, J., & Audu, U. (2022). Impact of home video watch on the academic performance of students in selected public secondary school in Ido lga of Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria. Academic Research International, 3(2), 270.
  25. Gomez-Dominguez, M., Fonseca-Mora, M. C., & Machancoses, F. H. (2019). First and foreign language early reading abilities: The influence of musical perception. Psychology of music, 47(2), 213-224. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735617746734
  26. Haghverdi, H. R. (2015). The effect of song and movie on high school students language achievement in Dehdasht. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 192, 313-320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.045
  27. Ismaili, M. (2023). The effectiveness of using movies in the EFL classroom–A study conducted at South East European University. Academic Journal of interdisciplinary studies, 2(4), 121-132. 10.5901/ajis.2012.v2n4p121
  28. Israel, H. F. (2023). Language learning enhanced by music and song. Literacy information and computer education journal (LICEJ), 2(1), 1360-1365. 10.20533/licej.2040.2589.2013.0180
  29. Khaghaninejad, M. S., & Fahandejsaadi, R. (2016). Music and language learning.
  30. Kondo, A. (2009). The Effects of Film-based Instruction on Japanese Students’ Attitudes toward Learning English. Research Reports of Nara Technical College, 45, 69-80.
  31. Ku?nierek, A. (2016). The role of music and songs in teaching English vocabulary to students. World Scientific News, 43(1), 1-55.
  32. Ludke, K. M. (2009). Teaching foreign languages through songs. University of Edinburgh.
  33. Makinde, S. O., & Adetokun, R. B. (2018). Teacher and School Factors Predicting Learning Outcomes in Yoruba Orthography among Senior Secondary School Students in Oyo State, Nigeria.
  34. Mirana, V., & Mirana, A. E. (2016). Effects of Documentary Films on Students’ Attitude towards Science: A Pretest and Posttest Study. Paper presented at the International Conference Proceedings of URUAE and ICEHM.
  35. Mora, C. F. (2000). Foreign language acquisition and melody singing. ELT journal, 54(2), 146-152. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/54.2.146
  36. Nadya, L. (2022). Ukrainian Cinematography In The Context Of State Governance Historical Development. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 2(4), 343-355. https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v2i4.1081
  37. NERDC. (2023). Yoruba language curriculum (SS 1-3). Retrieved from http://nerdc.org.ng/eCurriculum/
  38. Norberte, N. (2024). Implementation and responsiveness of indigenous people education program in Socsargen. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 4(4), 263-275. https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v4i4.1990
  39. Odejobi, C. O. (2024). Influence of Watching Yoruba Home Video Films on Secondary School Students Academic Performance in Yoruba Language in Ile-Ife Metropolis, Osun State, Nigeria. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 4(10), 125-130.
  40. Okeoma, F. C. (2022). A study of the influence of home movies on the dressing patterns of students of tertiary institutions in Abia state. University of Nigeria.
  41. Olabode, E. (2017). Social (home environment and school related factors) as predictors of senior secondary students’ achievement in Yorùbá culture in south western Nigeria. Further Thoughts on Language Education and the Curriculum Nexus for Sustainable Developemnt in Nigeria: A Festschrift in Honour of Professor Clement Olusegun Olaniran Kolawole, 89-106.
  42. Olaosebikan, B., & Akinsola, I. (2023). Awareness of sustainable development related themes in selected African Literature-in-English texts among senior secondary school students in Nigeria.
  43. ?látúnjí, ?. O. (1984). Features of Yoruba oral poetry. (No Title).
  44. Oludare, O. (2019). Preserving history through popular music: A study of Ebenezer Obey’s Juju music: Retrieved.
  45. Omoera, O. S., Edemode, J. O., & Aihevba, P. (2017). IMPACT OF NOLLYWOOD FILMS ON CHILDREN'S BEHAVIOUR IN EKPOMA, NIGERIA. Asian & African Studies (13351257), 26(2).
  46. ?m?l?lá, B. (2013). The study of oral tradition in Yorùbá movies. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of South Africa (South Africa).
  47. Omoniyi, T. O. (2020). Appraisal of harmful traditional practices in Nigeria: Magnitude, justifications and interventions. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 1(1), 67-78. https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v1i1.335
  48. Ordu, S., & Odukwu, B. (2022). THEATRE: Ngugi and Revolution in The Trial of Dedan Kimathi. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 3(1), 17-27. https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v3i1.1036
  49. Oyeladun, T. S., Akinsola, I. T., & Adeyinka, A. A. Effect of Semantic Gradients Instructional Strategy on Secondary School Students’ Achievement in Yorùbá Vocabulary in Ibadan South-West Local Government.
  50. Palinkaševi?, R., & Stoli?, J. (2017). THE INFLUENCE OF MUSIC EXPERIENCE ON THE ACQUISITION OF PHONEMES IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE. Studii de ?tiint? ?i Cultur?, 13(4).
  51. Parlakian, R., & Lerner, C. (2010). Beyond Twinkle, Twinkle. Young children, 14-19.
  52. Pastor, M. E. Z., & Fajardo, M. T. M. (2017). The Effect of CSI Movies on Students’ Chemistry Achievement and Attitude towards Chemistry. American Journal of Educational Research, 5(2), 144-149. 10.12691/education-5-2-6
  53. Perry, M. J. M. (2013). Effects of visual media on achievement and attitude in a secondary biology classroom. A Master’s Research Project Presented to The Faculty of the Patton College of Education and Human Services Ohio University.
  54. Popoola, O. (2018). Teacher variables as predictors of students’ achievement in Yorùbá reading comprehension in selected secondary schools in Ido local government area. Project, Department of Teacher Education, University of Ìbàdàn. xi, 75.
  55. Rhinehart, M. (2011). Incorporating Music, Literature, and Culture in Communities of Second Language Learners.
  56. Roncaglia-Denissen, M. P., Roor, D. A., Chen, A., & Sadakata, M. (2016). The enhanced musical rhythmic perception in second language learners. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 10, 288. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00288
  57. Tabatabaei, O., & Gahroei, F. R. (2011). The Contribution of Movie Clips to Idiom Learning Improvement of Iranian EFL Learners. Theory & Practice in Language Studies (TPLS), 1(8). 10.4304/tpls.1.8.990-1000
  58. Udofia, N., & Tom, E. (2013). Evaluation of Nollywood movies' explicit contents and the sexual behavior of youth in Nigerian secondary schools.
  59. Yüksel, D. (2016). Using songs in teaching English to very young learners. Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU)-Do?u Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ).
  60. Zeromskaite, I. (2014). The potential role of music in second language learning: A review article. Journal of European Psychology Students, 5(3), 78-88. https://doi.org/10.5334/jeps.ci
  61. Zhang, Q. (2013). The impact of film and film-based activities on the attitudes of English-speaking secondary-school students towards L2 Chinese. Journal of Creative Practices in Language Learning and Teaching (CPLT), 1(2), 1-17.