On the verge of nuclear war: Global security challenges and dynamics in maintaining world peace

https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v5i3.2908
Published: Jun 11, 2025

Abstract:

Purpose: This research aims to identify the most effective strategies for maintaining world peace in the midst of these threats. The research methodology employs a hybrid approach, utilizing both the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and surveys.

Research methodology: The survey involved 60 respondents from academia, policymakers, and the public to understand their perceptions of nuclear threats and mitigation strategies. This study is based on the theory of international system stability, which emphasizes the importance of multilateral cooperation and arms control.

Results: The findings indicate that the most effective strategy is international diplomacy, with alliance strengthening and defense modernization following closely. We identify geopolitical threats, particularly unilateral actions, as major risk factors and emphasize that controlling the spread of nuclear technology is more significant than disarmament. These findings emphasize the need for a multidimensional approach based on diplomacy, technology control, and multilateral cooperation to create sustainable world peace.

Conclusions: International diplomacy is the most effective strategy to maintain world peace amid nuclear threats, supported by nuclear technology control and strategic alliances through a multidimensional, cooperative approach.

Limitations: The study's findings are limited by a small, region-specific sample and potential subjectivity in the AHP and survey methods.

Contribution: This study provides a strategic basis for global security policy in the face of increasingly complex nuclear challenges.

Keywords:
1. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
2. geopolitical threats
3. international diplomacy
4. nuclear technology control
5. nuclear war
Authors:
1 . Alradix Djansena
Universitas Pertahanan, Indonesia
2 . Faisal Yusman
Universitas Pertahanan, Indonesia
3 . Heriyanta Sembiring
Universitas Pertahanan, Indonesia
4 . I Nyoman Parwata
Universitas Pertahanan, Indonesia
5 . I Wayan Midhio
Universitas Pertahanan, Indonesia
6 . Purnomo Yusgiantoro
Universitas Pertahanan, Indonesia
7 . Roedy Roedy
Universitas Pertahanan, Indonesia
8 . Trias Wijanarko
Universitas Pertahanan, Indonesia
9 . Yuli Kartiningsih
Universitas Pertahanan, Indonesia
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How to Cite
Djansena, A., Yusman, F., Sembiring, H., Parwata, I. N., Midhio, I. W., Yusgiantoro, P., Roedy, R., Wijanarko, T., & Kartiningsih, Y. (2025). On the verge of nuclear war: Global security challenges and dynamics in maintaining world peace. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 5(3), 239–253. https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v5i3.2908
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Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): May
Articles
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

References

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    Ashurova, M. S. (2025). The organization of the education and training process in the schools and Madrasahs of Bukhara Jadids. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 5(3), 167-172. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v5i3.2882

    Auma, Z., Obici, G., & Mwesigwa, D. (2022). Community Support Groups and Home-Based Care among Persons Living with HIV and AIDS in Lira District, Uganda. Annals of Justice and Humanity, 1(2), 69-83. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/ajh.v1i2.1465

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    Natamiharja, R., Panjaitan, O. D. A., & Setiawan, I. (2025). Arbitrase Internasional: Evaluasi Efektivitasnya sebagai Mekanisme Penyelesaian Sengketa Alternatif. Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, 4(2), 83-89. doi:http://doi.org/10.35912/jihham.v4i2.3297

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    Reisner, J., D'Angelo, G., Koo, E., Even, W., Hecht, M., Hunke, E., . . . Cooley, J. (2018). Climate impact of a regional nuclear weapons exchange: An improved assessment based on detailed source calculations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 123(5), 2752-2772. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027331

    Seran, H., Nursalam, N., & Tamunu, L. M. (2022). The effect of society participation, budget, and organization on the effectiveness of pond maintenance program in Kobalima District, Malaka Regency. Dynamics of Politics and Democracy, 1(2), 79-96. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/dpd.v1i2.1078

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    Wulansari, E. M. (2023). Permodelan dan Bentuk Hukum Pokok-Pokok Haluan Negara sebagai Payung Hukum Pelaksanaan Pembangunan Berkesinambungan dalam Rangka Menghadapi Revolusi Industri 5.0 dan Indonesia Emas. Kajian Ilmiah Hukum dan Kenegaraan, 2(1), 17-36. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/kihan.v2i1.2346

  1. Anayochukwu, G. I. (2022). Teenage pregnancy and its consequences: Evidence from a South-eastern rural community of Nigeria. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 2(3), 245-267. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v2i3.977
  2. Ashurova, M. S. (2025). The organization of the education and training process in the schools and Madrasahs of Bukhara Jadids. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 5(3), 167-172. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v5i3.2882
  3. Auma, Z., Obici, G., & Mwesigwa, D. (2022). Community Support Groups and Home-Based Care among Persons Living with HIV and AIDS in Lira District, Uganda. Annals of Justice and Humanity, 1(2), 69-83. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/ajh.v1i2.1465
  4. Bollfrass, A. K., & Herzog, S. (2023). The war in Ukraine and global nuclear order Survival: August-September 2022 (pp. 7-31): Routledge.
  5. Budjeryn, M. (2022). Distressing a system in distress: global nuclear order and Russia’s war against Ukraine. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 78(6), 339-346. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00963402.2022.2132742
  6. Cheong, W.-S. (2023). The DPRK’s Changed Nuclear Doctrine: Factors and Implications. Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament, 6(1), 136-147. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/25751654.2023.2188859
  7. Chirozva, L., & Damba, R. (2021). The law of treaties in Africa: Exploring the Southern African development community mutual defence pact. Annals of Justice and Humanity, 1(1), 11-20. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/ajh.v1i1.781
  8. Corneo, G. (2023). The European Union and Achieving Peace in Ukraine. Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy, 29(4), 289-299. doi:https://doi.org/10.1515/peps-2023-0055
  9. Credi, O. (2019). US non-strategic nuclear weapons in Europe. American Security Project.
  10. Fanlo, A., & Sukin, L. (2023). The Disadvantage of Nuclear Superiority. Security Studies, 32(3), 446-475. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09636412.2023.2225779
  11. Futter, A., & Zala, B. (2021). Strategic non-nuclear weapons and the onset of a Third Nuclear Age. European Journal of International Security, 6(3), 257-277. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/eis.2021.2
  12. Hamel-Green, M. (2021). Nuclear Deadlock, Stalled Diplomacy: The Northeast Asia Nuclear Weapon Free Zone Alternative–Proposals, Pathways, Prospects. Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament, 4(sup1), 201-233. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/25751654.2021.1875285
  13. Hess, G. D. (2021). The impact of a regional nuclear conflict between India and Pakistan: Two views. Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament, 4(sup1), 163-175.
  14. Johnson, J. (2024). Post-9/11 US thinking and approaches to nuclear deterrence: the Bush Doctrine and the role of nuclear weapons in US deterrence strategy. International Politics, 61(3), 547-566. doi:https://doi.org/10.1057/s41311-023-00485-1
  15. Kulesa, ?. (2023). Strategic Arms Control Deadlock and the Possible Ways Out Russia’s War on Ukraine: The Implications for the Global Nuclear Order (pp. 109-119): Springer.
  16. Leal Filho, W., Fedoruk, M., Paulino Pires Eustachio, J. H., Barbir, J., Lisovska, T., Lingos, A., & Baars, C. (2023). How the war in Ukraine affects food security. Foods, 12(21), 3996. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12213996
  17. Müller, H., & Wunderlich, C. (2020). Nuclear disarmament without the nuclear-weapon states: the nuclear weapon ban treaty. Daedalus, 149(2), 171-189. doi:https://doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_01796
  18. Mwesigwa, D. (2021). Public service delivery in Uganda: a reconsideration of grand corruption. Dynamics of Politics and Democracy, 1(1), 1–13. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/dpd.v1i1.400
  19. Natamiharja, R., Panjaitan, O. D. A., & Setiawan, I. (2025). Arbitrase Internasional: Evaluasi Efektivitasnya sebagai Mekanisme Penyelesaian Sengketa Alternatif. Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, 4(2), 83-89. doi:http://doi.org/10.35912/jihham.v4i2.3297
  20. Pebrianto, R. (2023). Reformulasi Sanksi Pidana bagi Pelaku Eutanasia dalam Hukum Pidana Indonesia. Kajian Ilmiah Hukum dan Kenegaraan, 1(2), 87-94. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/kihan.v1i2.1925
  21. Ramadhani. D, A. N., Shafira, M., Dewi, E., Jatmiko, G., & Warganegara, D. (2024). Implementasi Perluasan Makna Asas Legalitas Berdasarkan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) Nasional. Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, 3(2), 65-74. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jihham.v3i2.2529
  22. Reisner, J., D'Angelo, G., Koo, E., Even, W., Hecht, M., Hunke, E., . . . Cooley, J. (2018). Climate impact of a regional nuclear weapons exchange: An improved assessment based on detailed source calculations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 123(5), 2752-2772. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027331
  23. Seran, H., Nursalam, N., & Tamunu, L. M. (2022). The effect of society participation, budget, and organization on the effectiveness of pond maintenance program in Kobalima District, Malaka Regency. Dynamics of Politics and Democracy, 1(2), 79-96. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/dpd.v1i2.1078
  24. Weng, T., Zhang, G., Wang, H., Qi, M., Qvist, S., & Zhang, Y. (2024). The impact of coal to nuclear on regional energy system. Energy, 302, 131765. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.131765
  25. Wulansari, E. M. (2023). Permodelan dan Bentuk Hukum Pokok-Pokok Haluan Negara sebagai Payung Hukum Pelaksanaan Pembangunan Berkesinambungan dalam Rangka Menghadapi Revolusi Industri 5.0 dan Indonesia Emas. Kajian Ilmiah Hukum dan Kenegaraan, 2(1), 17-36. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/kihan.v2i1.2346