Article Details
Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): May
The Influence of Internal and External Human Resources and Motivation on Training Productivity
Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to analyze the influence of internal human resources, external human resources, and motivation on the productivity of education and training (diklat) activities at the Religious Education and Training Center in Medan.
Research Methodology: This research was conducted at the Religious Education and Training Center in Medan using a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data were collected from 45 respondents through questionnaires. The analysis techniques included classical assumption tests, simple and multiple linear regression, as well as partial and simultaneous hypothesis testing using statistical software.
Results: The findings show that partially, internal human resources and motivation do not have a significant effect on productivity, while external human resources have a significant effect. Simultaneously, all variables significantly influence productivity with a significance value of 0.023 (< 0.05). However, the contribution of these variables is relatively low, with a coefficient of determination of 20.6%.
Conclusions: The study concludes that the productivity of training activities is influenced by multiple factors, where external human resources play a more dominant role compared to internal factors and motivation.
Limitations: This study is limited by the small sample size and the focus on a single institution, which may affect the generalizability of the results.
Contributions: This research contributes to the field of human resource management and training productivity by providing empirical evidence for policymakers and institutional managers, particularly in improving the effectiveness of training programs in religious education institutions.
Keywords
How to Cite
Download Citation
References
- Abdullah, A. S. (2025). Digital Silence as A Pragmatic Strategy: A Cross-cultural Study OF Online Group Chats in Crisis Situations. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 6(1), 89-100. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v6i1.3188
- Affa, A. S. (2025). A new approach to human social evolution: Persistence of ancient drives in behaviour and development: Colombo, Jorge A.(2025). New York: Routledge,(130 pp.,£ 47.99 (Paperback), ISBN 9781032951188;£ 145.00 (Hardback), ISBN 9781032945866;£ 40.79 (Ebook) ISBN 9781003571544): Taylor & Francis.
- APO. (2023). APO productivity databook 2023. Asian Productivity Organization.
- Arifin, M. (2023). Konsep kepemimpinan dalam islam: Karakteristik pemimpin ideal Menurut Al-Quran. AKADEMIK: Jurnal Mahasiswa Humanis, 3(3), 151-160. doi:https://doi.org/10.37481/jmh.v3i3.616
- Armstrong, M. (2006). A handbook of human resource management practice: Kogan Page Publishers.
- Baron, J. V., & Robles, A. C. M. O. (2023). Structural equation model: Organizational performance among state universities and colleges in Philippines. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 3(4), 307-320. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v3i4.1505
- Bernard, B. (1998). Transformational leadership: Industrial, military and educational impact. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlaum. doi:https://doi.org/10.5860/CHOICE.35-4579
- Bernard, L. C., Mills, M., Swenson, L., & Walsh, R. P. (2005). An evolutionary theory of human motivation. Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs, 131(2), 129-184. doi:https://doi.org/10.3200/MONO.131.2.129-184
- Burns, J. M. (2012). Leadership: Open Road Media.
- Eccles, J. S., & Wigfield, A. (2020). From expectancy-value theory to situated expectancy-value theory: A developmental, social cognitive, and sociocultural perspective on motivation. Contemporary educational psychology, 61, 101859. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101859
- Fadhilah, M., & Wasliman, E. D. (2026). Quality management of principal academic supervision for enhancing teacher pedagogical competence: A Comparative Case Study of Two Indonesian Elementary Schools. Journal of Innovation and Research in Primary Education, 5(1), 574-583. doi:https://doi.org/10.56916/jirpe.v5i1.2779
- Gopee, N. (2002). Human and social capital as facilitators of lifelong learning in nursing. Nurse Education Today, 22(8), 608-616. doi:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0260-6917(02)00139-9
- Grant, R. M. (1996). Toward a knowledge?based theory of the firm. Strategic management journal, 17(S2), 109-122. doi:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250171110
- Huberman, A. (2014). Qualitative data analysis a methods sourcebook.
- Idehlu, H. A., Ahmed, S., & Noori, M. I. (2024). Reviewing the concepts of productivity management. International Journal of Management and Humanities, 10(8), 1-8. doi:https://doi.org/10.35940/ijmh.h1702.10080424
- Jiatong, W., Wang, Z., Alam, M., Murad, M., Gul, F., & Gill, S. A. (2022). The impact of transformational leadership on affective organizational commitment and job performance: the mediating role of employee engagement. Frontiers in psychology, 13, 831060. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.831060
- Mashuri, S. (2022). Semi-structured interview: a methodological reflection on the development of a qualitative research instrument in educational studies Ruslin. IOSR Journals. doi:https://doi.org/10.9790/7388-1201052229
- Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological review, 50(4), 370. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054346
- Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. (1992). Qualitative Data Analysis. Translation: Rohidi. Retrieved from
- Nugroho, Y. A. W., Yanti, B. E. D., & Haryanto, F. (2025). A Systematic Literature Review on Workplace Expectations and Behavioral Characteristics of Generation Z Employees. Psikostudia: Jurnal Psikologi, 14(3), 367-375. doi:https://doi.org/10.30872/psikostudia.v14i3.19486
- Olifiansyah, M., Hidayat, W., Dianying, B. P., & Dzulfiqar, M. (2020). Kepemimpinan dalam perspektif Islam. EL-HIKMAH: Jurnal Kajian Dan Penelitian Pendidikan Islam, 14(1), 98-111. doi:https://doi.org/10.20414/elhikmah.v14i1.2123
- Oluwatosin, A., & Darmawan, D. (2024). The relationship between psychological well-being and social interaction: Reconstructing social exchange theory in a cross-cultural perspective. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 6(3), 1-5. doi: https://doi.org/10.71435/637721
- Ran, F. X., & Xu, D. (2017). How and why do adjunct instructors affect students' academic outcomes? evidence from two-year and four-year colleges. A CAPSEE Working Paper. Center for Analysis of Postsecondary Education and Employment.
- Robbins, S. P., & Judge, A. T. A. (2019). Organizational Behavior. 18th Editi. New York City, NY: USA: Pearson.
- Sampetoding, O. D. M. (2024). Analisis produktivitas kerja karyawan berdasarkan beban dan lingkungan kerja serta efek moderasi coorporate culture pt. Bank cimb niaga tbk area sulawesi= analysis of employee work productivity based on load and work environment and the moderation effect of coorporate culture pt. Bank cimb niaga tbk sulawesi area. Universitas Hasanuddin.
- Sari, G. I., Winasis, S., Pratiwi, I., & Nuryanto, U. W. (2024). Strengthening digital literacy in Indonesia: Collaboration, innovation, and sustainability education. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 10, 101100. doi:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.101100
- Sihaloho, R. P., Sinaga, A., & Panggabean, T. (2025). Pengaruh kepemimpinan kolaboratif, kepuasan kerja dan pengembangan karir terhadap komitmen organisasi pegawai pada kantor DPRD Kota Medan. RIGGS: Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business, 4(2), 2796-2803. doi:https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v4i2.924
- Sodiq, A., Tri Ratnasari, R., & Mawardi, I. (2024). Analysis of the effect of Islamic Leadership and Job Satisfaction on sharia engagement and employee performance of Islamic Banks in Indonesia. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2362772. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2362772
- Suryadi, Y., Dewi, N. L. Y., Trisnawati, T., & Al-Amin, A.-A. (2024). The impact of transformational leadership on organizational performance and employee motivation. Transforma Jurnal Manajemen, 2(2), 108-119. doi:https://doi.org/10.56457/tjm.v2i2.129
- Tan, F. Z., & Olaore, G. O. (2022). Effect of organizational learning and effectiveness on the operations, employees productivity and management performance. Vilakshan-XIMB Journal of Management, 19(2), 110-127. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/xjm-09-2020-0122
- Tidalgo, H., & Regalado, P. Assessment of the national drug education program implementation in Region XII, Philippines. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 5(4), 381-393. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v5i4.2806
- Tilaar, R. M. A. (2026). The role of religious leaders in conflict resolution in Papua. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 6(2), 191-200. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v6i2.3849
- Zhu, W., Riggio, R. E., Avolio, B. J., & Sosik, J. J. (2011). The effect of leadership on follower moral identity: Does transformational/transactional style make a difference? Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 18(2), 150-163. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051810396714
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.