Purpose: This study examines the effects of education, health, and labor productivity on community income in Nduga Regency, Papua Highlands, and assesses the moderating role of capital access in these relationships.

Research Methodology: This study employed a quantitative cross-sectional design. Primary data were collected from 100 respondents of productive age (aged 15–64 years) in Nduga Regency using structured Likert-scale questionnaires from January to March 2026. Data were analyzed using Multiple Linear Regression and Moderated Regression Analysis after meeting validity, reliability, normality, multicollinearity, and homoscedasticity requirements.

Results: The findings show that education, health, and labor productivity significantly affect the community’s income. Labor productivity was the dominant predictor, followed by education and health. The regression model explains 61.2% of the income variance. Capital access also significantly moderates the relationships between education, health, labor productivity, and income, indicating that better capital access strengthens human capital’s impact on income growth.

Conclusions: Human capital plays an important role in improving community income; however, its impact becomes stronger when supported by access to capital. Therefore, income improvement in frontier regions requires integrated policies that combine human capital development and financial inclusion.

Limitations: This study is limited by its cross-sectional design and focus on one geographical area, which may restrict causal interpretation and generalizability.

Contributions: This study contributes to the literature by highlighting capital access as a key factor that amplifies the effect of human capital on income in indigenous communities in frontier regions.