Purpose: This study aims to analyze tourists' perspectives regarding the sustainability of four tourism destinations, namely Sedudo Waterfall, Roro Kuning, TRAL, and Margo Tresno Cave in Nganjuk East Java, Indonesia. Moreover, this study attempts to reveal tourists' sustainability awareness based on the triplebottom-line concept and which dimensions are considered the most important for tourists. Research Methodology:  Data were obtained from a survey of visitors (16 years old and over) to the four tourist objects in Nganjuk. Furthermore, this study utilized Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and ANOVA tests to evaluate the differences between types of tourists and their views on sustainability. Results: The number of types of tourists found in the Nganjuk tourist destination was change, amusement, rupture, interest, and dedication. The ANOVA test results show a different tourist perception of sustainability issues from the five types of tourists in Nganjuk. Limitations: This study involved only young respondents who did not consider tourists beyond a young age. In addition, this study focused only on one regency in Indonesia. Contributions: To create a tourism industry that can last and protect the environment, the vital role of tourists cannot be ignored. This research makes a theoretical contribution by expanding the theory to explain aspects that have never been studied before regarding tourists' understanding of the sustainability issue in the tourism sector. Novelty: This study is one of the first to discuss tourists' perceptions of sustainability issues in the Indonesian context.

Purpose: This study investigates the role of social entrepreneurship and business innovation in empowering local communities for rural tourism development within the framework of sustainable development goals (SDGs). Research methodology: A comprehensive review of the existing literature on social entrepreneurship, business innovation, and rural tourism development is conducted. The study also involved qualitative interviews with key stakeholders and community members in the selected villages, followed by thematic analysis of the data. Results: The findings reveal that Social entrepreneurship plays a crucial role in fostering community engagement, promoting social inclusivity, and creating sustainable tourism initiatives. On the other hand, business innovation enables local communities to differentiate themselves, enhance visitor experiences, and improve the overall competitiveness of rural tourism destinations. Limitations: This study acknowledges certain limitations, including the selection of a limited number of case study villages and potential bias in qualitative interviews. Further research is needed to explore the generalizability of the findings across different contexts. Contribution: This study contributes to the understanding of the synergistic relationship among social entrepreneurship, business innovation, and rural tourism development. These findings provide insights for policymakers, community leaders, and practitioners in designing effective strategies to empower local communities and promote sustainable tourism within the SDGs Desa framework. Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive examination of the combined influence of social entrepreneurship and business innovation on rural tourism development in the context of sustainable development goals (SDGs Desa). This highlights the potential of these concepts to drive positive change and create inclusive and resilient rural tourism destinations.