Analysis of management support and self-efficacy on business sustainability through employee performance in micro and small businesses in Greater Jakarta

https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v5i4.3206
Published: Dec 12, 2025

Abstract:

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that influence business sustainability, especially in micro and small businesses in Greater Jakarta.

Methodology: The research employed a quantitative descriptive method using primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected through a 1–5 Likert scale questionnaire completed by employees of micro and small businesses in Greater Jakarta. Secondary data were sourced from relevant studies in reputable academic databases. The population size was unknown, and 131 respondents were selected using simple random sampling based on the Hair formula. Data were analyzed with SmartPLS 4.1.0.0 using outer model, inner model, and hypothesis testing.

Results: The study on Micro and Small Enterprises in Jabodetabek reveals that management support and self-efficacy have positive and significant effects on employee performance and business sustainability. Employee performance also significantly influences business sustainability and plays a mediating role in strengthening the effects of management support and self-efficacy. These findings highlight the importance of managerial support and individual confidence in improving performance outcomes and ensuring sustainable business growth.

Conclusions: The findings indicate that management support and self-efficacy significantly enhance employee performance and business sustainability in the land transportation sector. Employee performance serves as a key mediating factor that strengthens the impact of management support and self-efficacy on business sustainability.

Limitations: This study is limited to examining the sustainability of micro and small businesses operating in the Greater Jakarta area, which may restrict the generalizability of the findings to other regions or business scales.

Contribution: This study plays a role in identifying factors that influence the sustainability of micro and small businesses in Greater Jakarta, focusing on factors such as employee performance, management support, and self-efficacy.

Keywords:
1. Business Sustainability
2. Employee Performance
3. Management Support
4. Self-Efficacy
Authors:
Djoko Setyo Widodo
Jakarta Global University, Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
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How to Cite
Widodo, D. S. (2025). Analysis of management support and self-efficacy on business sustainability through employee performance in micro and small businesses in Greater Jakarta. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 5(4), 155–170. https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v5i4.3206
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Issue & Section
Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): December
Articles
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References

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    Afrin, S., Asyraf Bin Mohd Kassim, M., Yusof, M. F., Hassan, M. S., Islam, M. A., & Khairuddin, K. N. B. (2023). Investigating the Determinants of Employee Performance for Sustainability: A Study on the Bangladesh Insurance Industry. Sustainability, 15(7), 1-16. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075674

    Asogwa, O. S., Onyekwelu, N. P., & Azubike, N. U. (2023). Effects of Security Challenges on Business Sustainability of SMEs in Nigeria. International Journal of Business and Management Research, 3(2), 1-18.

    Aziz, I. N., Widodo, D. S., & Subagja, I. K. (2021). Effect of Training and HR Development on Employee Performance with Motivation as an Intervening Variable in PT. Rekasis Gigatama. Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances, 6(2), 169-181. doi:https://doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2021.6.2.0032

    Badrianto, Y., & Ekhsan, M. (2021). Pengaruh Work-life Balance terhadap Kinerja Karyawan yang di Mediasi Komitmen Organisasi. Jesya (Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Ekonomi Syariah), 4(2), 951-962. doi:https://doi.org/10.36778/jesya.v4i2.460

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    Firnanda, D. Y., & Wijayati, D. T. (2021). Pengaruh Perceived Organizational Support, Self Efficacy dan Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Employee Engagement Karyawan PT. Pesona Arnos Beton. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 9(3), 1076-1091. doi:https://doi.org/10.26740/jim.v9n3.p1076-1091

    Gomes, J. F., Sabino, A., & Antunes, V. (2023). The Effect of Green Human Resources Management Practices on Employees’ Affective Commitment and Work Engagement: The Moderating Role of Employees’ Biospheric Value. Sustainability, 15(3), 1-18. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032190

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    Kahfi, D. S., Wibowo, I., & Widodo, D. S. (2022). The Effect of Organizational Culture and Transformational Leadership on Organizational Performance Through Employee Motivation as a Mediation Variable at Mercubuana University. Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, 1(1), 1-9. doi:https://doi.org/10.47742/jhssr.v1n1p1

    Khasanah, U., Mulyani, S., Akbar, B., & Dahlan, M. (2021). The Impact of Project Management and Implementing Enterprise Resource Planning on Decision-Making Effectiveness: The Case of Indonesian State-Owned Enterprises. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 20(4), 1-12.

    Latuconsina, A., Widodo, D., & Siswandoko, T. (2019). Effect of Compensation and Work Environment to Employee Performance Through Job Satisfaction as a Variable of Mediation in PT Metiska Farma. International Journal of Humanities and Applied Social Science, 4(12), 1-10. doi:https://doi.org/10.33642/ijhass.v4n12p1

    Lestari, S., & Nawangsari, L. C. (2022). The Influence of Employee Engagement to Support Corporate Sustainability at PT Wiza. Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management, 2(1), 83-89. doi:https://doi.org/10.59141/jrssem.v2i1.243

    Lestari, S., Watini, S., & Rose, D. E. (2024). Impact of Self-Efficacy and Work Discipline on Employee Performance in Sociopreneur Initiatives. Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (ATT), 6(2), 270-284. doi:https://doi.org/10.34306/att.v6i2.403

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    Minatogawa, V., Franco, M., Rampasso, I. S., Holgado, M., Garrido, D., Pinto, H., & Quadros, R. (2022). Towards Systematic Sustainable Business Model Innovation: What Can We Learn from Business Model Innovation. Sustainability, 14(5), 1-35. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052939

    Nasution, R. A. N., & Saragih, I. S. (2023). The Influence of Self-Efficacy and Organizational Climate on Employee Performance. Enrichment: Journal of Management, 13(1), 127-134. doi:https://doi.org/10.35335/enrichment.v13i1.1204

    Nugraheni, K. S., Palupiningtyas, D., & Ardi, R. P. (2025). Transformational Leadership and Empowerment as Driving Factors for Employee Performance in Star-Rated Hotels in Central Java. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 5(2), 21-32. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v5i2.2828

    Panjaitan, Y. Y. S., & Fazri, A. (2023). Peran Kepuasan Kerja dalam Memediasi Pengaruh Dukungan Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai di Lingkungan Balai Pengelola Transportasi Darat (BPTD) Wilayah V Provinsi Jambi. Jurnal Manajemen Terapan Dan Keuangan, 12(3), 858-871. doi:https://doi.org/10.22437/jmk.v12i03.22700

    Rafnasya, I., Firly, A., Jane, S., & Djuanda, G. (2025). Analisis Risiko Operasional pada UMKM Warung Nasi. Jawa Tengah: Penerbit Tahta Media Group.

    Ramanto, A., & Sitio, V. S. (2022). Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi dan Dukungan Organisasi Terhadap Komitmen Organisasional Karyawan PT. Carefastindo di Jakarta. Jurnal Inovatif Mahasiswa Manajemen, 2(3), 198-208.

    Saputra, F., & Ali, H. (2022). Penerapan Manajemen POAC: Pemulihan Ekonomi Serta Ketahanan Nasional pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 (Literature Review Manajemen POAC). Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen Terapan, 3(3), 316-328. doi:https://doi.org/10.31933/jimt.v3i3.733

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    Sharma, S., & Rautela, S. (2022). Entrepreneurial Resilience and Self-Efficacy During Global Crisis: Study of Small Businesses in a Developing Economy. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 14(6), 1369-1386. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-03-2021-0123

    Siagian, A. O., & Cahyono, Y. (2021). Strategi Pemulihan Pemasaran UMKM di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 pada Sektor Ekonomi Kreatif. Jurnal Teknologi Dan Sistem Informasi Bisnis, 3(1), 206-217. doi:https://doi.org/10.47233/jiteksis.v3i1.212

    Sjarifudin, D., & Ali, H. (2023). Determination of Job Satisfaction: Analysis of Self-Efficacy, Work Motivation and Work Environment (Garment in Indonesia). Dinasti International Journal of Management Science (DIJMS), 4(5), 845-853. doi:https://doi.org/10.31933/dijms.v4i5

    Sjarifudin, D., Widyastuti, T., Renwarin, J. M., & Suroso, S. (2025). The Influence of Self-efficacy, Work Discipline, and Compensation on Employee Performance Through Work Motivation in Textile and Garment Companies in West Java. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 5(2), 277-294. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v5i2.2953

    Sugiyono. (2017). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.

    Susanto, P. C., Murdiono, J., & Susita, D. (2025). Analysis of Training, Self-Efficacy, and Discipline on Employee Performance Mediated by Employee Engagement: A Study in Freight Forwarding. Bulletin of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 7(1), 1-19. doi:https://doi.org/10.51214/002025071248000

    Tapang, F., & Mbarika, I. (2023). The Effect of Electricity Reliability on the Sustainability of SMEs in Fako Division of Cameroon. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 3(1), 17-39. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v3i1.1615

    Widodo, D. S., & Maghfuriyah, A. (2024). Factors Affecting the Performance of Generation Z Workforce Employees: Analysis of Work Life Balance, Leadership Style and Organizational Culture. Dinasti International Journal of Economics, Finance & Accounting, 5(3), 1489-1500. doi:https://doi.org/10.38035/dijefa.v5i3.3111

    Widodo, D. S., Silitonga, P., & Ali, H. (2020). The Influence of Good Governance, Culture, and Performance in Increasing Public Satisfaction and Implication to Public Trust: Study in Indonesian Government. Talent Development & Excellence, 12(2).

    Yener, S., Arslan, A., & Kilinç, S. (2021). The Moderating Roles of Technological Self-Efficacy and Time Management in the Technostress and Employee Performance Relationship Through Burnout. Information Technology & People, 34(7), 1890-1919. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-09-2019-0462

    Zaid, A. A., & Sleimi, M. (2023). Effect of Total Quality Management on Business Sustainability: The Mediating Role of Green Supply Chain Management Practices. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 66(3), 524-548. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2021.1997730

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  2. Afrin, S., Asyraf Bin Mohd Kassim, M., Yusof, M. F., Hassan, M. S., Islam, M. A., & Khairuddin, K. N. B. (2023). Investigating the Determinants of Employee Performance for Sustainability: A Study on the Bangladesh Insurance Industry. Sustainability, 15(7), 1-16. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075674
  3. Asogwa, O. S., Onyekwelu, N. P., & Azubike, N. U. (2023). Effects of Security Challenges on Business Sustainability of SMEs in Nigeria. International Journal of Business and Management Research, 3(2), 1-18.
  4. Aziz, I. N., Widodo, D. S., & Subagja, I. K. (2021). Effect of Training and HR Development on Employee Performance with Motivation as an Intervening Variable in PT. Rekasis Gigatama. Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances, 6(2), 169-181. doi:https://doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2021.6.2.0032
  5. Badrianto, Y., & Ekhsan, M. (2021). Pengaruh Work-life Balance terhadap Kinerja Karyawan yang di Mediasi Komitmen Organisasi. Jesya (Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Ekonomi Syariah), 4(2), 951-962. doi:https://doi.org/10.36778/jesya.v4i2.460
  6. BPS. (2024). Jumlah Tenaga Kerja Industri Skala Mikro dan Kecil Menurut Provinsi (Orang). Retrieved from https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/NDQxIzI=/jumlah-tenaga-kerja-industri-skala-mikro-dan-kecil-menurut-provinsi.html
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  8. Firnanda, D. Y., & Wijayati, D. T. (2021). Pengaruh Perceived Organizational Support, Self Efficacy dan Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Employee Engagement Karyawan PT. Pesona Arnos Beton. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 9(3), 1076-1091. doi:https://doi.org/10.26740/jim.v9n3.p1076-1091
  9. Gomes, J. F., Sabino, A., & Antunes, V. (2023). The Effect of Green Human Resources Management Practices on Employees’ Affective Commitment and Work Engagement: The Moderating Role of Employees’ Biospheric Value. Sustainability, 15(3), 1-18. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032190
  10. Hair, J., Babin, B., Anderson, R., & Black, W. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis. England: Pearson Prentice.
  11. Harianto, E., & Soenardi, E. (2022). Creating New Strategy For Business Sustainability Through Business Model Canvas (BMC) Evaluation in Paper Manufacturing. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 6(2), 1312-1320. doi:https://doi.org/10.29040/ijebar.v6i2.3025
  12. Haryanti, D. M. (2024). Potret UMKM Indonesia: Si Kecil yang Berperan Besar. Retrieved from https://ukmindonesia.id/baca-deskripsi-posts/potret-umkm-indonesia-si-kecil-yang-berperan-besar
  13. Hossain, A., Khatun, M., & Shanjabin, S. (2024). Impact of Person-Job Fit and Person-Organization Fit on Employee Engagement: Moderating Role of Supervisor Support. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 3(2), 97-114. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v3i2.1885
  14. Indawan, F., Sakti, A., & Meliala, A. R. (2020). Perilaku Penetapan Harga Perusahaan Besar dan Usaha Mikro dan Kecil di Jabotabek (Survei Pendahuluan). Bank Indonesia. Retrieved from https://ideas.repec.org/p/idn/wpaper/wp122020.html
  15. Ismail, A. I., Majid, A. H. A., Jibrin-Bida, M., & Joarder, M. H. R. (2021). Moderating Effect of Management Support on the Relationship Between HR Practices and Employee Performance in Nigeria. Global Business Review, 22(1), 132-150. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150918811487
  16. Kahfi, D. S., Wibowo, I., & Widodo, D. S. (2022). The Effect of Organizational Culture and Transformational Leadership on Organizational Performance Through Employee Motivation as a Mediation Variable at Mercubuana University. Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, 1(1), 1-9. doi:https://doi.org/10.47742/jhssr.v1n1p1
  17. Khasanah, U., Mulyani, S., Akbar, B., & Dahlan, M. (2021). The Impact of Project Management and Implementing Enterprise Resource Planning on Decision-Making Effectiveness: The Case of Indonesian State-Owned Enterprises. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 20(4), 1-12.
  18. Latuconsina, A., Widodo, D., & Siswandoko, T. (2019). Effect of Compensation and Work Environment to Employee Performance Through Job Satisfaction as a Variable of Mediation in PT Metiska Farma. International Journal of Humanities and Applied Social Science, 4(12), 1-10. doi:https://doi.org/10.33642/ijhass.v4n12p1
  19. Lestari, S., & Nawangsari, L. C. (2022). The Influence of Employee Engagement to Support Corporate Sustainability at PT Wiza. Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management, 2(1), 83-89. doi:https://doi.org/10.59141/jrssem.v2i1.243
  20. Lestari, S., Watini, S., & Rose, D. E. (2024). Impact of Self-Efficacy and Work Discipline on Employee Performance in Sociopreneur Initiatives. Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (ATT), 6(2), 270-284. doi:https://doi.org/10.34306/att.v6i2.403
  21. Macias-Velasquez, S., Baez-Lopez, Y., Tlapa, D., Limon-Romero, J., Maldonado-Macias, A. A., Flores, D.-L., & Realyvasquez-Vargas, A. (2021). Impact of Co-Worker Support and Supervisor Support Among the Middle and Senior Management in the Manufacturing Industry. IEEE access, 9, 78203-78214. doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3082177
  22. Minatogawa, V., Franco, M., Rampasso, I. S., Holgado, M., Garrido, D., Pinto, H., & Quadros, R. (2022). Towards Systematic Sustainable Business Model Innovation: What Can We Learn from Business Model Innovation. Sustainability, 14(5), 1-35. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052939
  23. Nasution, R. A. N., & Saragih, I. S. (2023). The Influence of Self-Efficacy and Organizational Climate on Employee Performance. Enrichment: Journal of Management, 13(1), 127-134. doi:https://doi.org/10.35335/enrichment.v13i1.1204
  24. Nugraheni, K. S., Palupiningtyas, D., & Ardi, R. P. (2025). Transformational Leadership and Empowerment as Driving Factors for Employee Performance in Star-Rated Hotels in Central Java. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 5(2), 21-32. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v5i2.2828
  25. Panjaitan, Y. Y. S., & Fazri, A. (2023). Peran Kepuasan Kerja dalam Memediasi Pengaruh Dukungan Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai di Lingkungan Balai Pengelola Transportasi Darat (BPTD) Wilayah V Provinsi Jambi. Jurnal Manajemen Terapan Dan Keuangan, 12(3), 858-871. doi:https://doi.org/10.22437/jmk.v12i03.22700
  26. Rafnasya, I., Firly, A., Jane, S., & Djuanda, G. (2025). Analisis Risiko Operasional pada UMKM Warung Nasi. Jawa Tengah: Penerbit Tahta Media Group.
  27. Ramanto, A., & Sitio, V. S. (2022). Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi dan Dukungan Organisasi Terhadap Komitmen Organisasional Karyawan PT. Carefastindo di Jakarta. Jurnal Inovatif Mahasiswa Manajemen, 2(3), 198-208.
  28. Saputra, F., & Ali, H. (2022). Penerapan Manajemen POAC: Pemulihan Ekonomi Serta Ketahanan Nasional pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 (Literature Review Manajemen POAC). Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen Terapan, 3(3), 316-328. doi:https://doi.org/10.31933/jimt.v3i3.733
  29. Saputra, F., Masyruroh, A. J., Danaya, B. P., Maharani, S. P., Ningsih, N. A., Ricki, T. S., . . . Hadita, H. (2023). Determinasi Kinerja Karyawan: Analisis Lingkungan Kerja, Beban Kerja dan Kepemimpinan pada PT Graha Sarana Duta. Jurnal Riset Manajemen, 1(3), 329-341. doi:https://doi.org/10.54066/jurma.v1i3.900
  30. Sharari, H., Qawasmeh, R., Helalat, A., & Jahmani, A. (2025). Enhancing Employee Sustainability Through Employee Quality of Life: The Role of Top Management Support. The TQM Journal, 37(5), 1320-1341. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-11-2023-0379
  31. Sharma, S., & Rautela, S. (2022). Entrepreneurial Resilience and Self-Efficacy During Global Crisis: Study of Small Businesses in a Developing Economy. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 14(6), 1369-1386. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-03-2021-0123
  32. Siagian, A. O., & Cahyono, Y. (2021). Strategi Pemulihan Pemasaran UMKM di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 pada Sektor Ekonomi Kreatif. Jurnal Teknologi Dan Sistem Informasi Bisnis, 3(1), 206-217. doi:https://doi.org/10.47233/jiteksis.v3i1.212
  33. Sjarifudin, D., & Ali, H. (2023). Determination of Job Satisfaction: Analysis of Self-Efficacy, Work Motivation and Work Environment (Garment in Indonesia). Dinasti International Journal of Management Science (DIJMS), 4(5), 845-853. doi:https://doi.org/10.31933/dijms.v4i5
  34. Sjarifudin, D., Widyastuti, T., Renwarin, J. M., & Suroso, S. (2025). The Influence of Self-efficacy, Work Discipline, and Compensation on Employee Performance Through Work Motivation in Textile and Garment Companies in West Java. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 5(2), 277-294. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v5i2.2953
  35. Sugiyono. (2017). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
  36. Susanto, P. C., Murdiono, J., & Susita, D. (2025). Analysis of Training, Self-Efficacy, and Discipline on Employee Performance Mediated by Employee Engagement: A Study in Freight Forwarding. Bulletin of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 7(1), 1-19. doi:https://doi.org/10.51214/002025071248000
  37. Tapang, F., & Mbarika, I. (2023). The Effect of Electricity Reliability on the Sustainability of SMEs in Fako Division of Cameroon. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 3(1), 17-39. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v3i1.1615
  38. Widodo, D. S., & Maghfuriyah, A. (2024). Factors Affecting the Performance of Generation Z Workforce Employees: Analysis of Work Life Balance, Leadership Style and Organizational Culture. Dinasti International Journal of Economics, Finance & Accounting, 5(3), 1489-1500. doi:https://doi.org/10.38035/dijefa.v5i3.3111
  39. Widodo, D. S., Silitonga, P., & Ali, H. (2020). The Influence of Good Governance, Culture, and Performance in Increasing Public Satisfaction and Implication to Public Trust: Study in Indonesian Government. Talent Development & Excellence, 12(2).
  40. Yener, S., Arslan, A., & Kilinç, S. (2021). The Moderating Roles of Technological Self-Efficacy and Time Management in the Technostress and Employee Performance Relationship Through Burnout. Information Technology & People, 34(7), 1890-1919. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-09-2019-0462
  41. Zaid, A. A., & Sleimi, M. (2023). Effect of Total Quality Management on Business Sustainability: The Mediating Role of Green Supply Chain Management Practices. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 66(3), 524-548. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2021.1997730