Annals of Human Resource Management Research

Annals of Human Resource Management Research (AHRMR) is an international, peer-reviewed, and scholarly journal which publishes high-quality research to answer important and interesting questions, develop or test theory, replicate prior studies, explore interesting phenomena, review and synthesize existing research and provide new perspective aimed at stimulating future theory development and empirical research across the human resource management discipline.

Current Issue

Annals of Human Resource Management Research (AHRMR) is an international, peer-reviewed, and scholarly journal which publishes high-quality research to answer important and interesting questions, develop or test theory, replicate prior studies, explore interesting phenomena, review and synthesize existing research and provide new perspective aimed at stimulating future theory development and empirical research across the human resource management discipline.

Published
2025-09-01

Articles

Digitalization, organizational change, and human resource management at the Immigration Polytechnic

Purpose: This study aims to examine how digitalization influences and is influenced by organizational structures and human resource management in the Indonesian education industry. Research Methodology: This study employs a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews and focused group discussions to explore how digital technology is implemented in human resource management within the Indonesian education sector. Participants include education leaders, HR officials, policymakers, and edutech developers, selected through purposive and snowball sampling methods to ensure relevant and in-depth insights. Data were collected through individual interviews and thematic workshops, allowing researchers to capture both personal experiences and group dynamics related to digital transformation challenges and strategies. Results: The results show that the success of digital transformation in HR management in Indonesia's education sector depends on the balance between human, technological and organizational aspects. Key challenges include a lack of training, uneven infrastructure, and an organizational culture that is not adaptive to change. Therefore, a holistic strategy is needed that includes digital competency development, visionary leadership, and policies that support technological innovation and transparency. Conclusions: Digital transformation in HRM within Indonesia's education sector is hindered by gaps in human skills, technology access, and rigid organizational structures. Weak digital leadership and ethical concerns around AI further slow progress. A holistic approach developing digital competencies, promoting innovation, and ensuring transparent AI is essential for effective and sustainable transformation. Limitations: The study’s qualitative scope limits generalizability. It also reflects a specific time frame and may include selection bias from purposive sampling. Contribution: This study offers insights into aligning HR and digital strategies using the HTO framework and promotes ethical, inclusive digital transformation in education.

The effect of work environment, compensation, career development, leadership, and workload on job satisfaction with work motivation as an intervening variable

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the influence of work environment, compensation, career development, leadership, and workload (as independent variables) on employee job satisfaction (as the dependent variable) in the healthcare sector, particularly in hospitals. Additionally, this study aimed to test the significant influence of work motivation (as an intervening variable) on the relationship between these variables. Research Methodology: The research method used was a quantitative method with an explanatory research approach, utilizing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and SMART-PLS. Results: The results of this study indicate that all independent variables show a significant positive relationship with the dependent variable, except for the workload variable, which shows a significant negative relationship. The influence of the relationships between variables is expressed in terms of Effect Size. The variables most directly influencing Work Motivation are Compensation with an Effect Size of 0.787, and Career Advancement with an Effect Size of 0.769. Work Motivation, as an intervening variable, was also found to significantly influence the relationship between the independent variables (Work Environment, Compensation, Career Advancement, Leadership, Workload) and the dependent variable (Job Satisfaction). Conclusions: The study found that all independent variables significantly affected job satisfaction both directly and indirectly through work motivation, with compensation and career advancement having the strongest effects, while excessive workload negatively impacted motivation and satisfaction. Limitations: This study was limited to a single private hospital in Jakarta, which may affect the generalizability of the findings to other healthcare institutions or regions. Contribution: This study provides useful recommendations for hospital management to enhance employee motivation and job satisfaction.

Mapping the quality competitiveness of human resource management programs: A positioning analysis

Purpose: This study aims to assess the quality competitiveness of Human Resource Management (HRM) departments at four universities in the Soloraya region of Indonesia through a positioning strategy based on student perceptions of service quality. Research Methodology: Using a quantitative survey method, data were collected from 400 purposively selected students. Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) analysis was applied to ten dimensions of service quality, including trust, quality of education, academic integration, social integration, and various forms of commitment. Validity and reliability tests confirmed the suitability of the instrument, and the data were processed using SPSS software. Results: The analysis revealed three competitive quadrants: Sebelas Maret University in the relatively excellent quadrant, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta and Batik Islamic University in the challenger quadrant, and Widya Dharma University in the economic cluster quadrant. The results demonstrate clear differentiation in the competitive positioning of HRM programs, influenced by both qualitative and quantitative service quality attributes. Conclusions: Findings highlight the importance of mapping perceptions to identify institutional strengths and weaknesses. Universities with lower positioning need to improve campus facilities, academic environments, and service quality to compete with leading institutions. Limitations: The research scope was limited to four universities in the Soloraya area, and the findings rely solely on student perceptions, which may limit generalizability across other regions or disciplines. Contribution: This study contributes to higher education competitiveness research by applying MDS to HRM programs, offering a novel model for positioning analysis. The results provide strategic insights for university administrators to develop targeted marketing, resource allocation, and quality improvement strategies.

The effect of entrepreneurship education on career readiness as a job creator with self-efficacy as a mediating variable

Purpose: This study aims to examine the influence of entrepreneurship education on students’ career readiness as job creators, with self-efficacy serving as a mediating variable. The research is driven by the growing emphasis on preparing vocational graduates not only to become job seekers but also to develop as future entrepreneurs. Methodology: The study was conducted at Batam Tourism Polytechnic and involved 142 active students who had completed entrepreneurship courses. A quantitative approach was applied using a questionnaire consisting of 18 items representing three key constructs. Data were analyzed using SmartPLS 4.0 with the SEM-PLS method to assess both the measurement and structural models. Results: The results indicate that entrepreneurship education has a significant impact on career readiness, both directly (? = 0.42, p < 0.001) and indirectly through self-efficacy (indirect ? = 0.19, p < 0.001). Self-efficacy plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between entrepreneurship education and career readiness. The R² value of 0.51 suggests that the model explains more than half of the variance in the career readiness variable, and the model fit is considered good (SRMR = 0.071). Conclusions: Entrepreneurship education meaningfully enhances students’ confidence and their perceived readiness to become entrepreneurs, especially when supported by high levels of self-efficacy. Limitations: This study focuses only on cognitive and psychological aspects of readiness and does not account for practical challenges such as access to capital or other external barriers. Contribution: This study contributes to the fields of vocational entrepreneurship education, human resource management, and career development by providing insights into how educational programs can nurture entrepreneurial potential and promote proactive career planning among future graduates.

The impact of compensation on job satisfaction: Work experience and education relationship

Purpose: To explore the effect of compensation on job satisfaction by mediating the relationship between work experience and education among manufacturing workers in Bekasi City's food and beverage industry. Methodology: A quantitative approach with non-probability sampling. Data from 180 participants were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling – Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) through SmartPLS to assess variable relationships. Results: Work experience is positively associated with higher income and greater job satisfaction. Education likewise shows a significant positive relationship with salary and satisfaction. In addition, work-life balance enhances satisfaction. Furthermore, compensation operates as a mediating mechanism linking work experience and education to job satisfaction, indicating that gains from experience and education translate into satisfaction through pay. Conclusions: Compensation plays a pivotal mediating role in translating work experience and educational background into job satisfaction. Implementing competitive and equitable compensation strategies can effectively enhance job satisfaction among workers in the food and beverage manufacturing sector. Limitations: Non-probability sampling and focus on Bekasi City's food and beverage sector limit the generalizability of results. Contribution: Provides useful insights for HR managers and contributes to human resource management and organizational behavior literature on compensation and job satisfaction.

Exploring employee retention strategies in Indonesian startups: A qualitative study of human resource management practices

Purpose: Startups in Indonesia have experienced rapid growth over the past decade but face significant challenges in retaining talent due to organizational dynamics and evolving employee expectations. This study explores employee retention strategies implemented by Indonesian startups by examining current human resource management practices. Methodology: A qualitative approach was employed, using semi-structured interviews with HR leaders and decision-makers from ten high-growth startups in Jakarta, Bandung, and Surabaya. Results: The study identified key retention strategies including meaning-driven work culture, flexible work arrangements, equity-based compensation, and individualized career pathways. Startups that aligned HR initiatives with intrinsic motivation and employee well-being reported higher retention rates. Founder-led engagement, agile feedback loops, and cross-functional mobility were also notable as innovative HR practices in the startup context. Conclusions: Retention in Indonesian startups is significantly enhanced through HR strategies that prioritize intrinsic motivators and employee well-being, particularly in competitive talent environments. Limitations: The study’s qualitative nature and geographic focus on three cities may limit broader generalization across Indonesia's diverse startup ecosystem. Contribution: This study offers practical insights into effective HR strategies for talent retention in emerging market startups, emphasizing founder involvement and adaptive HR innovations.

High-performance work systems and psychosocial safety climate influence work engagement through job satisfaction pathways

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the mechanisms through which high performance work systems and psychosocial safety climate affect employee work engagement with the consideration of job satisfaction as mediator in TIC sectors. Methodology: A sample of 334 employees working across several provinces in Indonesia was surveyed, and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling was applied to analyze the data using Smart-PLS. Results: The results confirmed both HPWS and PSC did not have a positive direct effect on work engagement. However, they had a positive indirect effect, respectively, on work engagement by increasing job satisfaction. Conclusions: Thus, confirming the role of full mediation of job satisfaction. This study provides the first evidence of the comprehensive integration of two independent variables of HPWSs and PSC with mediation job satisfaction in one model, which has never been done in any previous studies, to employee outcomes in the context of service sectors, and it contributes to the field with important theoretical contributions, as well as managerial recommendations. Limitations: This study is limited in the use of cross sectional, self report. Contribution: The contribution: there has never been a previous study that integrates these 4 variables in one whole theoretical model. Literacy contribution, for the TIC (testing inspection certification business services sector, especially in the HR department.

The impact of flexible work policies on 'shadow work' and gender equality advocacy among female academics

Purpose: Flexible work policies remote work, flexible schedules, and compressed workweeks are intended to improve work-life balance for female academics with added responsibilities. In Indonesia, despite alignment with labor laws, implementation remains inconsistent and overlooks gender bias and shadow work such as mentoring and administration. This study examines their impact on shadow work and gender equality advocacy, stressing institutional support. Methodology: This research employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Partial Least Squares (PLS) for quantitative analysis and thematic analysis using NVivo for qualitative insights. Data were collected through surveys from 450 female academics and in-depth interviews with 30 respondents from various universities. Results: Findings show that flexible work policies reduce shadow work but only strengthen gender equality advocacy when backed by strong institutional support. Policy intensity, not mere availability, drives advocacy, while weak structures leave female academics burdened with shadow work and limited advocacy roles. Conclusions: This study concludes that flexible work policies alone are insufficient to drive systemic change in gender equality within academia. Their effectiveness is highly dependent on institutional culture, leadership commitment, and policy integration into broader faculty development programs. Limitations: Stronger institutional support, policy refinement, and awareness campaigns are recommended to ensure that flexible work arrangements not only improve work-life balance but also empower female academics in advocacy and leadership roles. Contribution: Future research should explore the long-term effects of flexible work policies and the intersection of social, economic, and cultural factors in shaping gender equity in higher education.

Determinants of turnover intentional in Islamic Bank Institution

Purpose: The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of job uncertainty and job stress on turnover intentions, with a focus on employees of Islamic Banking Institutions. The aim is to provide insights into how to reduce turnover through Islamic organizational principles, as this aligns with the research theme. Methodology: A quantitative descriptive approach was used, involving 31 employees from various divisions in Islamic Banking Institutions. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires and documentation. Smart PLS (Partial Least Squares) was employed for structural equation modeling, and regression analysis was used for hypothesis testing. Results: The results indicate that job insecurity does not significantly influence turnover intention, while job stress has a substantial impact. Combined, these factors significantly affect turnover intention. Islamic economic principles, such as fairness and employee welfare, play a critical role in addressing these issues. Conclusions: Turnover intention in Islamic banks is more strongly driven by stress factors than by insecurity. Aligning HR practices with Islamic economic principles such as equitable treatment, workload balance, and employee well-being can reduce stress, increase loyalty, and enhance workforce stability. Limitations: The study is limited to one organization, restricting generalizability. Future research could include other Islamic banks or financial institutions for broader insights. Contribution: This research contributes theoretically by integrating Behavioral Accounting Theory with Islamic economic principles to explain turnover intention. Practically, it provides actionable insights for HR managers in Islamic banks to design stress-reduction policies and employee support systems that foster retention and align with Sharia-based organizational values.

Physical and social environment as predictors of job satisfaction for seafarers: An empirical study of the shipping industry in Indonesia

Purpose: This study investigates the impact of physical and social work environments on job satisfaction among seafarers in Indonesian shipping companies, addressing a critical gap in maritime human resource literature. Given the long periods of isolation and high-stress conditions faced by seafarers, understanding workplace dynamics is essential for improving crew retention and operational efficiency. Methodology: A quantitative explanatory survey was conducted with 350 seafarers across different ranks in deck and engine departments of Indonesian-flagged vessels. Stratified random sampling considered variations in work experience, vessel type, and operational route. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS 26, enabling examination of multiple relationships while controlling for confounding variables. Results: Findings show that both physical (working conditions, safety equipment, living quarters) and social environments (team cohesion, supervisor support, communication) positively influence job satisfaction. Social factors exerted 42% greater influence than physical conditions. Additionally, seafarers with over five years of experience reported 28% higher satisfaction. Open-ended responses underscored the importance of fair conflict resolution and recognition systems. Conclusions: While adequate physical conditions remain essential, investments in the social environment particularly leadership training and communication systems produce stronger effects on satisfaction, challenging industry practices that emphasize physical over social improvements. Limitations: Results are limited to Indonesian seafarers and specific shipping segments, suggesting the need for cross-national and longitudinal studies. Contribution: The study offers evidence-based insights for crew management and advances theoretical understanding of job satisfaction in isolated work environments, with a replicable methodological framework for other maritime contexts.

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