The role of knowledge management at BSIP TAS Malang in improving public sector performances

https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v5i2.2972
Published: Jul 10, 2025

Abstract:

Purpose: This study aims to improve civil servant training performance from a knowledge management (KM) perspective in the context of BSIP TAS's transition from a research institution to a standardization agency.

Methodology/Approach: A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, utilizing observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. KM strategies were mapped using Dalkir’s framework, which includes knowledge audit, gap analysis, and the development of a strategy roadmap.

Results/Findings: The findings indicate that BSIP TAS has begun implementing KM through need-based training and informal peer mentoring. However, challenges persist in terms of uneven knowledge distribution and the lack of systematic documentation.

Conclusions: To enhance training performance and prevent knowledge loss, BSIP TAS must strengthen its KM practices by adopting digital systems, formalizing archiving processes, and establishing structured knowledge-sharing forums. These initiatives are crucial for sustainable organizational performance.

Limitations: The study is limited to qualitative data from a single institution in transition, which may affect the generalizability of findings to other organizational contexts.

Contribution: This study advances the KM literature by uniquely applying Dalkir’s framework to a government agency undergoing transformation, providing novel theoretical and practical insights into how tailored KM strategies can optimize performance and preserve critical knowledge amidst institutional change.

Keywords:
1. BSIP TAS Malang
2. Knowledge Management
3. Knowledge Transfer
4. Organizational Strategy
5. Public Administration
Authors:
1 . Selma Kendida Arsy
Brawijaya University, Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
2 . Bambang Supriyono
Brawijaya University, Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
3 . I Gede Eko Putra Sri Sentanu
Brawijaya University, Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
View PDF
How to Cite
Arsy, S. K., Supriyono, B., & Sentanu, I. G. E. P. S. (2025). The role of knowledge management at BSIP TAS Malang in improving public sector performances. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 5(2), 437–450. https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v5i2.2972
Download Citation
  1. Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
  2. BibTeX

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
Issue & Section
Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): June
Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

References

    Adinegoro, K. R. R. (2022). Knowledge Management System: Solusi Alternatif Berbagi Tacit Knowledge Antar Aparatur Sipil Negara. Jurnal Kebijakan dan Manajemen PNS, 16(1), 48-60. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.61133/pns.v16i1.387

    Aprianti, R., & Sugiarti, Y. (2022). Analisis dan Perancangan Knowledge Management System Untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja Pegawai pada Badan Narkotika Nasional Kota Tangerang Selatan Berbasis Webiste. Jurnal Komputasi, 10(1), 84-94. doi:https://doi.org/10.23960/komputasi.v10i1.2950

    Azizah, L. (2021). Knowledge Management Sebagai Upaya Pengembangan Learning Organization Untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru di SMA Negeri 3 Yogyakarta. Al-Mabsut: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Sosial, 15(1), 13-27. doi:https://doi.org/10.56997/almabsut.v15i1.501

    Baporikar, N. (2017). Knowledge Management for Excellence in Indian Public Sector. International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development (IJSESD), 8(1), 49-65. doi:https://doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2017010104

    Burke, S., Sharp, L.-A., Woods, D., & Paradis, K. F. (2023). Advancing a Grounded Theory of Parental Support in Competitive Girls’ Golf. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 66, 1-12. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102400

    Cahyana, A., & Dewi, N. (2023). Pengaruh Disiplin, Mutasi dan Penempatan Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Negeri Sipil di Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Badung. Kajian Ilmiah Hukum, 2(1), 53-62.

    Dalkir, K. (2013). Knowledge Management in Theory and Practice. London: Routledge.

    Elgargouh, Y., Chbihi Louhdi, M. R., Zemmouri, E. M., & Behja, H. (2024). Knowledge Management for Improved Digital Transformation in Insurance Companies: Systematic Review and Perspectives. Informatics, 11(3), 1-20. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics11030060

    Fauzi, F., & Hudaya, A. (2024). The Power of Binge-Watching on Continuation Intention of Video on Demand Mediated by Fear of Missing Out in the Young Generation. Formosa Journal of Sustainable Research, 3(12), 2555-2568. doi:https://doi.org/10.55927/fjsr.v3i12.12798

    Habib, L., & Mehzabin, M. A. (2024). Motivation for Knowledge Management Approach and Future Prospects: A Review of Perspectives in Bangladeshi Organisations. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 4(2), 127-151. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v4i2.2472

    Hafiz, M., & Frinaldi, A. (2023). The Role of Knowledge Sharing and Innovation in Improving Public Sector Performance: A Literature Review. Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara, 15(1), 161-173. doi:https://doi.org/10.15575/jpan.v15i1.23020

    Haque, A., & Meadows, K. N. (2020). Impact of the Lead TA Program on the Perceived Disciplinary Instructional Competence of Graduate Teaching Assistants. The Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 11(2), 1-18. doi:https://doi.org/10.5206/cjsotl-rcacea.2020.2.11103

    Hardy, C., Griffiths, A., & Hunter, M. S. (2019). Development and Evaluation of Online Menopause Awareness Training for Line Managers in UK Organizations. Maturitas, 120, 83-89. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.12.001

    Hisriani, Jamil, B., & Simamora, B. (2023). Penerapan Prinsip-Prinsip Good Governance dalam Pelayanan Publik pada Kantor Kelurahan Teladan Timur Kecamatan Medan Kota. Strukturasi: Jurnal Ilmiah Magister Administrasi Publik, 6(2), 142-150. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/strukturasi.v6i2.4457

    Inkinen, H. (2016). Review of Empirical Research on Knowledge Management Practices and Firm Performance. Journal of Knowledge Management, 20(2), 230-257. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-09-2015-0336

    Inn, T. C., Zailani, S., Ramayah, T., & Fernando, Y. (2010). An Investigation Into the Dimensions of Training Effectiveness on Post Training Outcomes of Quality Management System. International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management, 5(2), 171-199. doi:https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPQM.2010.030741

    Khan, A. M., Patra, S., Jain, A. K., Madhu, S., Saxena, A., Aggarwal, A., . . . Singh, N. P. (2022). Development and Implementation of a Sustainable COVID-19 Training Package for Healthcare Workers: Experience from a Teaching Hospital of North India. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 11(9), 5345-5350. doi:https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2196_21

    Khan, T. N. (2023). Using Knowledge Management to Enhance Organizational Performance and Effectiveness. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science, 9(11), 1-17. doi:https://doi.org/10.22161/ijaems.911.1

    Laiz, N. M., Díaz, S. D. V., Collado, N. R., Gomez-Pilar, J., & Hornero, R. (2018). Potential Benefits of a Cognitive Training Program in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 36(2), 207-213. doi:https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-170754

    Marques, I., Nogueira, F., Gonçalves, S., & Rocha, R. G. (2023). Leadership and Negotiation in Public Health Management: A Systematic Review of the Literature. European Conference on Management Leadership and Governance, 259, 2. doi:https://doi.org/10.34190/ecmlg.19.1.1609

    Massaro, M., Dumay, J., & Garlatti, A. (2015). Public Sector Knowledge Management: A Structured Literature Review. Journal of Knowledge Management, 19(3), 530-558. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-11-2014-0466

    Miles, M. B., Huberman, M., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. California: SAGE Publication.

    Ncoyini, S. S., & Cilliers, L. (2020). Factors that influence knowledge management systems to improve knowledge transfer in local government: A case study of Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 18(1), 1-11. doi:https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v18i0.1147

    Ndiege, J. R. A., & Wamuyu, P. K. (2019). Knowledge Management Practices and Systems in County Governments in Developing Countries: Perspectives from Selected Counties in Kenya. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 49(3), 420-439. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/VJIKMS-01-2019-0014

    Nematollahi, H., Mohammadi, H., Gholipour, A., & Mohammad Esmaeili, N. (2024). Strengthening Human Resource Management System with Digital Practices, Transformation, and Task Interdependence. International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management, 9(4), 579-600. doi:https://doi.org/10.22034/IJHCUM.2024.04.03

    Nonaka, I. (2009). The Knowledge-Creating Company. In J. C. Tony Siesfeld, Dale Neef (Ed.), The Economic Impact of Knowledge (pp. 175-187). London: Routledge.

    Peng, H., Wu, Y., Zhou, R., Jiang, J., Chen, X., Wang, M., . . . Wu, T. (2024). Comparison of Self-Efficacy Among Graduate Teaching Assistants Before and After Training. BMC Medical Education, 24(1), 471. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-05431-0

    Rao, S., Rohilla, K. K., Kathrotia, R., Naithani, M., Varghese, A., Bahadur, A., . . . Kant, R. (2021). Rapid Workforce Development to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience from a Tertiary Health Care Centre in North India. Cureus, 13(6), 1-15. doi:https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.15585

    Razzaq, S., Shujahat, M., Hussain, S., Nawaz, F., Wang, M., Ali, M., & Tehseen, S. (2018). Knowledge Management, Organizational Commitment and Knowledge-Worker Performance: The Neglected Role of Knowledge Management in the Public Sector. Business Process Management Journal, 25(5), 923-947. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-03-2018-0079

    Sahisnu, R. P., & Zaim, I. A. (2025). Mindful Marketing: A Marketing Strategy for Lingkar Organik to Support Sustainability Goals. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic and Practice Studies, 3(2), 347-366. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jomaps.v3i2.3050

    Sangtarashani, L. R., & Mehrara, A. (2019). Application Model of Knowledge Management Training Implementation. Iranian Journal of Educational Sociology, 2(2), 78-89. doi:https://doi.org/10.29252/ijes.2.2.78

    Spector, A., Revolta, C., & Orrell, M. (2016). The Impact of Staff Training on Staff Outcomes in Dementia Care: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 31(11), 1172-1187. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.4488

    Sree, V., & Basariya, S. R. (2019). Designing Implementing and Evaluating Employee Training Programs. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 8(3), 3055-3058. doi:https://doi.org/10.35940/IJRTE.C4863.098319

    Srivastava, V., & Ravichandran, N. (2018). Achieving Excellence through Training Initiatives. Review of Professional Management, 16(1), 57-69. doi:https://doi.org/10.20968/rpm/2018/v16/i1/129254

    Suroso, Novitasari, D., Nugroho, Y. A., Chidir, G., & Asbari, M. (2021). Managing MSME Innovation Performance: Analysis of Knowledge-Oriented Leadership and Knowledge Management Capability. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 3(6), 4541-4555. doi:https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v3i6.1506

    Syazwina, A. D., & Ikhwan, A. (2024). Pengembangan Knowledge Management System Untuk Peningkatan Pemahaman Pegawai di Badan Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Daerah Kota Medan. Jurnal Inovtek Polbeng-Seri Informatika, 9(1), 203-213. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.35314/isi.v9i1.4039

    Umar, A., Tamsah, H., Mattalatta, M., Baharuddin, B., & Latief R, A. (2020). Training-Effectiveness and Team-Performance in Public Organization. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(11), 1021-1031. doi:https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no11.1021

    Upadhyay, P., & Kumar, A. (2020). The Intermediating Role of Organizational Culture and Internal Analytical Knowledge Between the Capability of Big Data Analytics and a Firm’s Performance. International Journal of Information Management, 52. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102100

    Wang, S., & Noe, R. A. (2010). Human Resource Management Review. Human Resource Management Review, 20(2), 115-131. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2009.10.001

    Yu, C., Chunmei, L., & Caiping, S. (2023). A Survey of Nurses' Knowledge, attitudes, and Practices of Nurses Towards Patients with Dysphagia After Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery: A Prospective Multicentre Study. BMC Nursing, 1-15. doi:https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3648207/v1

    Yulianti, M. G., Triharini, M., & Wahyudi, A. S. (2024). Model Metode Asuhan Keperawatan Profesional (MAKP) Tim Berbasis Structural Empowerment terhadap Kualitas Kehidupan Kerja Perawat. Journal of Telenursing (JOTING), 6(1), 1278-1286.

  1. Adinegoro, K. R. R. (2022). Knowledge Management System: Solusi Alternatif Berbagi Tacit Knowledge Antar Aparatur Sipil Negara. Jurnal Kebijakan dan Manajemen PNS, 16(1), 48-60. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.61133/pns.v16i1.387
  2. Aprianti, R., & Sugiarti, Y. (2022). Analisis dan Perancangan Knowledge Management System Untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja Pegawai pada Badan Narkotika Nasional Kota Tangerang Selatan Berbasis Webiste. Jurnal Komputasi, 10(1), 84-94. doi:https://doi.org/10.23960/komputasi.v10i1.2950
  3. Azizah, L. (2021). Knowledge Management Sebagai Upaya Pengembangan Learning Organization Untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru di SMA Negeri 3 Yogyakarta. Al-Mabsut: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Sosial, 15(1), 13-27. doi:https://doi.org/10.56997/almabsut.v15i1.501
  4. Baporikar, N. (2017). Knowledge Management for Excellence in Indian Public Sector. International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development (IJSESD), 8(1), 49-65. doi:https://doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2017010104
  5. Burke, S., Sharp, L.-A., Woods, D., & Paradis, K. F. (2023). Advancing a Grounded Theory of Parental Support in Competitive Girls’ Golf. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 66, 1-12. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102400
  6. Cahyana, A., & Dewi, N. (2023). Pengaruh Disiplin, Mutasi dan Penempatan Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Negeri Sipil di Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Badung. Kajian Ilmiah Hukum, 2(1), 53-62.
  7. Dalkir, K. (2013). Knowledge Management in Theory and Practice. London: Routledge.
  8. Elgargouh, Y., Chbihi Louhdi, M. R., Zemmouri, E. M., & Behja, H. (2024). Knowledge Management for Improved Digital Transformation in Insurance Companies: Systematic Review and Perspectives. Informatics, 11(3), 1-20. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics11030060
  9. Fauzi, F., & Hudaya, A. (2024). The Power of Binge-Watching on Continuation Intention of Video on Demand Mediated by Fear of Missing Out in the Young Generation. Formosa Journal of Sustainable Research, 3(12), 2555-2568. doi:https://doi.org/10.55927/fjsr.v3i12.12798
  10. Habib, L., & Mehzabin, M. A. (2024). Motivation for Knowledge Management Approach and Future Prospects: A Review of Perspectives in Bangladeshi Organisations. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 4(2), 127-151. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v4i2.2472
  11. Hafiz, M., & Frinaldi, A. (2023). The Role of Knowledge Sharing and Innovation in Improving Public Sector Performance: A Literature Review. Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara, 15(1), 161-173. doi:https://doi.org/10.15575/jpan.v15i1.23020
  12. Haque, A., & Meadows, K. N. (2020). Impact of the Lead TA Program on the Perceived Disciplinary Instructional Competence of Graduate Teaching Assistants. The Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 11(2), 1-18. doi:https://doi.org/10.5206/cjsotl-rcacea.2020.2.11103
  13. Hardy, C., Griffiths, A., & Hunter, M. S. (2019). Development and Evaluation of Online Menopause Awareness Training for Line Managers in UK Organizations. Maturitas, 120, 83-89. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.12.001
  14. Hisriani, Jamil, B., & Simamora, B. (2023). Penerapan Prinsip-Prinsip Good Governance dalam Pelayanan Publik pada Kantor Kelurahan Teladan Timur Kecamatan Medan Kota. Strukturasi: Jurnal Ilmiah Magister Administrasi Publik, 6(2), 142-150. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/strukturasi.v6i2.4457
  15. Inkinen, H. (2016). Review of Empirical Research on Knowledge Management Practices and Firm Performance. Journal of Knowledge Management, 20(2), 230-257. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-09-2015-0336
  16. Inn, T. C., Zailani, S., Ramayah, T., & Fernando, Y. (2010). An Investigation Into the Dimensions of Training Effectiveness on Post Training Outcomes of Quality Management System. International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management, 5(2), 171-199. doi:https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPQM.2010.030741
  17. Khan, A. M., Patra, S., Jain, A. K., Madhu, S., Saxena, A., Aggarwal, A., . . . Singh, N. P. (2022). Development and Implementation of a Sustainable COVID-19 Training Package for Healthcare Workers: Experience from a Teaching Hospital of North India. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 11(9), 5345-5350. doi:https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2196_21
  18. Khan, T. N. (2023). Using Knowledge Management to Enhance Organizational Performance and Effectiveness. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science, 9(11), 1-17. doi:https://doi.org/10.22161/ijaems.911.1
  19. Laiz, N. M., Díaz, S. D. V., Collado, N. R., Gomez-Pilar, J., & Hornero, R. (2018). Potential Benefits of a Cognitive Training Program in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 36(2), 207-213. doi:https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-170754
  20. Marques, I., Nogueira, F., Gonçalves, S., & Rocha, R. G. (2023). Leadership and Negotiation in Public Health Management: A Systematic Review of the Literature. European Conference on Management Leadership and Governance, 259, 2. doi:https://doi.org/10.34190/ecmlg.19.1.1609
  21. Massaro, M., Dumay, J., & Garlatti, A. (2015). Public Sector Knowledge Management: A Structured Literature Review. Journal of Knowledge Management, 19(3), 530-558. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-11-2014-0466
  22. Miles, M. B., Huberman, M., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. California: SAGE Publication.
  23. Ncoyini, S. S., & Cilliers, L. (2020). Factors that influence knowledge management systems to improve knowledge transfer in local government: A case study of Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 18(1), 1-11. doi:https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v18i0.1147
  24. Ndiege, J. R. A., & Wamuyu, P. K. (2019). Knowledge Management Practices and Systems in County Governments in Developing Countries: Perspectives from Selected Counties in Kenya. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 49(3), 420-439. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/VJIKMS-01-2019-0014
  25. Nematollahi, H., Mohammadi, H., Gholipour, A., & Mohammad Esmaeili, N. (2024). Strengthening Human Resource Management System with Digital Practices, Transformation, and Task Interdependence. International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management, 9(4), 579-600. doi:https://doi.org/10.22034/IJHCUM.2024.04.03
  26. Nonaka, I. (2009). The Knowledge-Creating Company. In J. C. Tony Siesfeld, Dale Neef (Ed.), The Economic Impact of Knowledge (pp. 175-187). London: Routledge.
  27. Peng, H., Wu, Y., Zhou, R., Jiang, J., Chen, X., Wang, M., . . . Wu, T. (2024). Comparison of Self-Efficacy Among Graduate Teaching Assistants Before and After Training. BMC Medical Education, 24(1), 471. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-05431-0
  28. Rao, S., Rohilla, K. K., Kathrotia, R., Naithani, M., Varghese, A., Bahadur, A., . . . Kant, R. (2021). Rapid Workforce Development to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience from a Tertiary Health Care Centre in North India. Cureus, 13(6), 1-15. doi:https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.15585
  29. Razzaq, S., Shujahat, M., Hussain, S., Nawaz, F., Wang, M., Ali, M., & Tehseen, S. (2018). Knowledge Management, Organizational Commitment and Knowledge-Worker Performance: The Neglected Role of Knowledge Management in the Public Sector. Business Process Management Journal, 25(5), 923-947. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-03-2018-0079
  30. Sahisnu, R. P., & Zaim, I. A. (2025). Mindful Marketing: A Marketing Strategy for Lingkar Organik to Support Sustainability Goals. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic and Practice Studies, 3(2), 347-366. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jomaps.v3i2.3050
  31. Sangtarashani, L. R., & Mehrara, A. (2019). Application Model of Knowledge Management Training Implementation. Iranian Journal of Educational Sociology, 2(2), 78-89. doi:https://doi.org/10.29252/ijes.2.2.78
  32. Spector, A., Revolta, C., & Orrell, M. (2016). The Impact of Staff Training on Staff Outcomes in Dementia Care: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 31(11), 1172-1187. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.4488
  33. Sree, V., & Basariya, S. R. (2019). Designing Implementing and Evaluating Employee Training Programs. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 8(3), 3055-3058. doi:https://doi.org/10.35940/IJRTE.C4863.098319
  34. Srivastava, V., & Ravichandran, N. (2018). Achieving Excellence through Training Initiatives. Review of Professional Management, 16(1), 57-69. doi:https://doi.org/10.20968/rpm/2018/v16/i1/129254
  35. Suroso, Novitasari, D., Nugroho, Y. A., Chidir, G., & Asbari, M. (2021). Managing MSME Innovation Performance: Analysis of Knowledge-Oriented Leadership and Knowledge Management Capability. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 3(6), 4541-4555. doi:https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v3i6.1506
  36. Syazwina, A. D., & Ikhwan, A. (2024). Pengembangan Knowledge Management System Untuk Peningkatan Pemahaman Pegawai di Badan Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Daerah Kota Medan. Jurnal Inovtek Polbeng-Seri Informatika, 9(1), 203-213. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.35314/isi.v9i1.4039
  37. Umar, A., Tamsah, H., Mattalatta, M., Baharuddin, B., & Latief R, A. (2020). Training-Effectiveness and Team-Performance in Public Organization. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(11), 1021-1031. doi:https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no11.1021
  38. Upadhyay, P., & Kumar, A. (2020). The Intermediating Role of Organizational Culture and Internal Analytical Knowledge Between the Capability of Big Data Analytics and a Firm’s Performance. International Journal of Information Management, 52. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102100
  39. Wang, S., & Noe, R. A. (2010). Human Resource Management Review. Human Resource Management Review, 20(2), 115-131. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2009.10.001
  40. Yu, C., Chunmei, L., & Caiping, S. (2023). A Survey of Nurses' Knowledge, attitudes, and Practices of Nurses Towards Patients with Dysphagia After Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery: A Prospective Multicentre Study. BMC Nursing, 1-15. doi:https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3648207/v1
  41. Yulianti, M. G., Triharini, M., & Wahyudi, A. S. (2024). Model Metode Asuhan Keperawatan Profesional (MAKP) Tim Berbasis Structural Empowerment terhadap Kualitas Kehidupan Kerja Perawat. Journal of Telenursing (JOTING), 6(1), 1278-1286.