Human resources management strategies in enhancing transportation performance and safety in Indonesia

https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v5i2.3001
Published: Jul 9, 2025

Abstract:

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the strategic role of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices—particularly training and development, performance management, and organizational innovation in improving transportation performance and safety in Indonesia. It also explores the moderating effect of employee welfare on these relationships, responding to the growing demands of digital transformation and safety standards in the transportation sector.

Methodology: A quantitative approach was employed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Data were collected from 360 respondents working in the land transportation sector across Indonesia through structured questionnaires.

Results: The findings confirm that training and development, as well as performance management, significantly influence both organizational innovation and transportation safety. Organizational innovation also positively affects transportation performance, which in turn enhances safety. However, the moderating effect of employee welfare on the innovation–performance relationship was found to be statistically insignifican.

Conclusions: High-quality HRM practices, especially in training and performance management, are crucial for enhancing both operational performance and safety in Indonesia’s transportation sector. While innovation contributes to performance, its full benefits may not materialize without stronger welfare systems. Companies should integrate safety-focused training, real-time performance tracking, and inclusive innovation mechanisms into their HR strategy to build a more resilient transportation workforce.

Limitations: This study finds that employee welfare has not yet played a significant moderating role in boosting transportation performance through innovation. Most welfare initiatives remain basic, lacking integration with strategic innovation agendas. This limitation highlights a disconnect between employee well-being and organizational goals, which may affect long-term innovation sustainability.

Contribution: The study contributes to HRM theory by validating the impact of training and performance management on transportation innovation and safety within a developing-country context. Practically, it provides a framework for transportation firms to align HR strategies with digitalization and operational safety goals. It also underscores the need for welfare policies that go beyond minimum standards to actively support innovation and performance excellence.

Keywords:
1. Employee Welfare
2. Organizational Innovation
3. Performance Management
4. Training
5. Transportation Performance
6. Transportation Safety
Authors:
1 . Sarinah Sihombing
Trisakti Institute of Transportation and Logistics, Jakarta, Indonesia
2 . Juliater Simarmata
Trisakti Institute of Transportation and Logistics, Jakarta, Indonesia
3 . Astri Rumondang Banjarnahor
Trisakti Institute of Transportation and Logistics, Jakarta, Indonesia
4 . Sofwan Farisyi
Trisakti Institute of Transportation and Logistics, Jakarta, Indonesia
5 . Adisak Suvittawat
Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
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How to Cite
Sihombing, S., Simarmata, J., Banjarnahor, A. R. ., Farisyi, S., & Suvittawat , A. (2025). Human resources management strategies in enhancing transportation performance and safety in Indonesia. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 5(2), 423–435. https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v5i2.3001
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Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): June
Articles
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References

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    Aloini, D., Colladon, A. F., Gloor, P., Guerrazzi, E., & Stefanini, A. (2021). Enhancing Operations Management Through Smart Sensors: Measuring and Improving Well-Being, Interaction and Performance of Logistics Workers. The TQM Journal, 34(2), 303-329. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-06-2021-0195

    Amanda, C. A., & Susilawati. (2024). Pengaruh Penerapan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) Terhadap Kinerja Pekerja Konstruksi: Tinjauan Literatur. Gudang Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu, 2(7), 21-28. doi:https://doi.org/10.59435/gjmi.v2i7.662

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    Blau, P. M. (1964). Justice in Social Exchange. Sociological Inquiry, 34(2), 193-206. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.1964.tb00583.x

    Budianto, R., Praptapa, A., Herwiyanti, E., Puji, P., Suyono, E., & Rusmana, O. (2022). Technological Innovation in Small and Medium Enterprises: A Bibliometric Analysis. Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Entrepreneurship, 4(1), 55-69. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/joste.v4i1.1707

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    Jozan, M. M. B., Ghorbani, B. D., Khalid, M. S., Lotfata, A., & Tabesh, H. (2023). Impact Assessment of E-Trainings in Occupational Safety and Health: A Literature Review. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 1187. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16114-8

    Kurniawan, R., Darmawati, T., & Puspita, S. (2024). Influence Occupational Health Safety and Work Discipline on Employee Productivity at the Energy and Mineral Resources Department of South Sumatra. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Business Studies, 1(4), 713-723. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jomabs.v1i4.2285

    Kusuma, H. D., Zahiraa, T., Tri, T. D., & Radianto, D. O. (2024). Pengaruh Tingkat Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja di Perusahaan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Journal of Educational Innovation and Public Health, 2(2), 60-71. doi:https://doi.org/10.55606/innovation.v2i2.2848

    Nafi’ah, B. A. (2020). Kajian Ekonomi Politik Transportasi Massa: Studi Kasus Kebijakan Transportasi Massa di DKI Jakarta. Jejaring Administrasi Publik, 12(2), 148-176. doi:https://doi.org/10.20473/jap.v12i2.29353

    Nilsen, E. R., Dugstad, J., Eide, H., Gullslett, M. K., & Eide, T. (2016). Exploring Resistance to Implementation of Welfare Technology in Municipal Healthcare Services - A Longitudinal Case Study. BMC Health Services Research, 16(1), 1-14. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1913-5

    Pardosi, J., Sibarani, R., & Bangun, N. C. (2021). The Role of Human Resources in Lake Transportation to Improve Tourism Service in Lake Toba. Jurnal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, 9(1), 74-89. doi:https://doi.org/10.37064/jpm.v9i1.9023

    Purbasari, R., Novel, N. J. A., & Kostini, N. (2023). Digitalisasi Logistik dalam Mendukung Kinerja E-Logistic di Era Digital: A Literature Review. JOMBLO: Jurnal Organisasi dan Manajemen Bisnis Logistik, 1(2), 177-196. doi:https://doi.org/10.24198/jomblo.v1i2.50762

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    Sahara, S., & Putri, J. S. (2023). Analisis Keselamatan Kerja dan Faktor-Faktor Risiko dalam Kegiatan Bongkar Muat di Terminal Pelabuhan. ADVANCES in Social Humanities Research, 1(10), 2021-2028. doi:https://doi.org/10.46799/adv.v1i10.131

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  2. Alif, M. F. D. S. P., & Ahmadi, M. A. (2024). Peran Evaluasi Kinerja dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Karyawan. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Manajemen & Bisnis, 2(4), 192-203. doi:https://doi.org/10.60023/wyagpr49
  3. Aloini, D., Colladon, A. F., Gloor, P., Guerrazzi, E., & Stefanini, A. (2021). Enhancing Operations Management Through Smart Sensors: Measuring and Improving Well-Being, Interaction and Performance of Logistics Workers. The TQM Journal, 34(2), 303-329. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-06-2021-0195
  4. Amanda, C. A., & Susilawati. (2024). Pengaruh Penerapan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) Terhadap Kinerja Pekerja Konstruksi: Tinjauan Literatur. Gudang Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu, 2(7), 21-28. doi:https://doi.org/10.59435/gjmi.v2i7.662
  5. Barinta, D. D., Lestari, Y. D., & Kharisma, A. P. (2024). Optimalisasi Kualitas Layanan Transportasi Publik: Pendekatan Model P-Transqual dalam Mengevaluasi Kinerja di PO. Moedah. Studi Ilmu Manajemen dan Organisasi, 5(2), 353-363. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/simo.v5i2.3620
  6. Barney, J. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of management, 17(1), 99-120. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
  7. Batarlien?, N., ?iži?nien?, K., Vai?i?t?, K., Šapalait?, I., & Jaraš?nien?, A. (2017). The Impact of Human Resource Management on the Competitiveness of Transport Companies. Procedia Engineering, 187, 110-116. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.356
  8. Batta, A., Bandameeda, G., & Parayitam, S. (2023). Human Resource Management Practices, Job Satisfaction and Performance: Evidence from Transportation Sector in India. Asia-Pacific Journal of Management Research and Innovation, 19(1), 47-62. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/2319510X231166800
  9. Becker, G. S. (1993). Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education (3rd Ed). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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  11. Blau, P. M. (1964). Justice in Social Exchange. Sociological Inquiry, 34(2), 193-206. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.1964.tb00583.x
  12. Budianto, R., Praptapa, A., Herwiyanti, E., Puji, P., Suyono, E., & Rusmana, O. (2022). Technological Innovation in Small and Medium Enterprises: A Bibliometric Analysis. Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Entrepreneurship, 4(1), 55-69. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/joste.v4i1.1707
  13. Ding, M. J., Kam, B. H., Zhang, J. Y., & Jie, F. (2015). Effects of Human Resource Management Practices on Logistics and Supply Chain Competencies–Evidence from China Logistics Service Market. International Journal of Production Research, 53(10), 2885-2903. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2014.946569
  14. Fadlan, Kamaruddin, & Arifai. (2024). Implementasi Traffic Accident Analysis Guna Menanggulangi Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas. Journal Publicuho, 7(3), 1389-1401. doi:https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v7i3.497
  15. Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R: A Workbook. New York: Springer Nature.
  16. Ibrahim, M. N., Logan, D. B., Koppel, S., & Fildes, B. (2024). The Role of Safety in Modal Choice and Shift: A Transport Users’ Perspective in Australia. Journal of Transport & Health, 38, 1-18. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2024.101863
  17. Intifada, W. S. (2025). Analisis Risiko dan Strategi Peningkatan Keselamatan Kerja di Sektor Industri Manufaktur: Tinjauan Literatur. Industrika: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Industri, 9(1), 240-253. doi:https://doi.org/10.37090/indstrk.v9i1.1901
  18. Jemmy, Muhdaliha, E., Lestari, S. D., Riyadi, S., & Kusnawan, A. (2025). Influence of Organizational Innovation on Management Strategy: Strategic Change as a Mediator in the Education. Proceeding of the International Conference on Management, Entrepreneurship, and Business, 1(2), 52-64. doi:https://doi.org/10.61132/icmeb.v1i2.79
  19. Jozan, M. M. B., Ghorbani, B. D., Khalid, M. S., Lotfata, A., & Tabesh, H. (2023). Impact Assessment of E-Trainings in Occupational Safety and Health: A Literature Review. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 1187. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16114-8
  20. Kurniawan, R., Darmawati, T., & Puspita, S. (2024). Influence Occupational Health Safety and Work Discipline on Employee Productivity at the Energy and Mineral Resources Department of South Sumatra. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Business Studies, 1(4), 713-723. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jomabs.v1i4.2285
  21. Kusuma, H. D., Zahiraa, T., Tri, T. D., & Radianto, D. O. (2024). Pengaruh Tingkat Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja di Perusahaan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Journal of Educational Innovation and Public Health, 2(2), 60-71. doi:https://doi.org/10.55606/innovation.v2i2.2848
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  23. Nilsen, E. R., Dugstad, J., Eide, H., Gullslett, M. K., & Eide, T. (2016). Exploring Resistance to Implementation of Welfare Technology in Municipal Healthcare Services - A Longitudinal Case Study. BMC Health Services Research, 16(1), 1-14. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1913-5
  24. Pardosi, J., Sibarani, R., & Bangun, N. C. (2021). The Role of Human Resources in Lake Transportation to Improve Tourism Service in Lake Toba. Jurnal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, 9(1), 74-89. doi:https://doi.org/10.37064/jpm.v9i1.9023
  25. Purbasari, R., Novel, N. J. A., & Kostini, N. (2023). Digitalisasi Logistik dalam Mendukung Kinerja E-Logistic di Era Digital: A Literature Review. JOMBLO: Jurnal Organisasi dan Manajemen Bisnis Logistik, 1(2), 177-196. doi:https://doi.org/10.24198/jomblo.v1i2.50762
  26. Putlely, Z., Lesnussa, Y. A., Wattimena, A. Z., & Matdoan, M. Y. (2021). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) untuk Mengukur Pengaruh Pelayanan, Harga, dan Keselamatan terhadap Tingkat Kepuasan Pengguna Jasa Angkutan Umum Selama Pandemi Covid-19 di Kota Ambon. Indonesian Journal of Applied Statistics, 4(1), 1-13. doi:https://doi.org/10.13057/ijas.v4i1.45784
  27. Putra, D. D., Aufaa, R. D., Luthfiyah, H., & Sahara, S. (2023). Peningkatan Mutu Transportasi Umum Demi Kenyamanan dan Keamanan Pengguna. Mimbar Administrasi Fisip Untag Semarang, 20(1), 112-119. doi:https://doi.org/10.56444/mia.v20i1.659
  28. Putra, M. K. D. (2019). Pengaruh Pelatihan dan Pengembangan terhadap Kinerja Karywan Divisi Keamanan Aviation di Indonesia Angkasa Pura II (Persero) Palembang. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Global Masa Kini, 10(1), 25-31. doi:https://doi.org/10.36982/jiegmk.v10i1.721
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  30. Rizaldy, W., Sihombing, S., Candra, P., & Gultom, S. (2024). Mapping of Human Global Control System to Transportation and Logistics Activity: Review and Synthesis. Proceedings of Forum for University Scholars in Interdisciplinary Opportunities and Networking, 1(1), 621-637.
  31. Sahara, S., & Putri, J. S. (2023). Analisis Keselamatan Kerja dan Faktor-Faktor Risiko dalam Kegiatan Bongkar Muat di Terminal Pelabuhan. ADVANCES in Social Humanities Research, 1(10), 2021-2028. doi:https://doi.org/10.46799/adv.v1i10.131
  32. Susanthi, N. I., & Seruni, I. P. (2016). Pengaruh Pelatihan dan Kesehatan Keselamatan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT Jasa Angkasa Semesta. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Transportasi dan Logistik, 2(3), 448-459. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.54324/j.mbtl.v2i3.935
  33. Syaputra, A., & Sutabri, T. (2024). Perancangan Sistem Monitoring Barang Logistik Berbasis IoT. Switch: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Informasi, 2(5), 102-111. doi:https://doi.org/10.62951/switch.v2i5.288
  34. Wulandari, S., Ali, H., & Hendayana, Y. (2024). Pengaruh Pelatihan dan Pengembangan serta Adopsi Teknologi Terhadap Produktivitas dan Kinerja Karyawan di Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya. Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Sistem Informasi (JEMSI), 6(2), 522-542. doi:https://doi.org/10.38035/jemsi.v6i2.3261
  35. Zanra, S., & Sufnirayanti. (2024). Pengaruh Persepsi Kemudahan, Lingkungan Sosial dan Literasi Keuangan terhadap Minat Penggunaan QRIS. Jurnal Akuntansi, Keuangan, dan Manajemen, 5(3), 177-192. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jakman.v5i3.3122