Mindfulness as a factor in reducing turnover intention in sales employees (the role of work stress and resilience in the process)

https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v5i2.2912
Published: Jul 7, 2025

Abstract:

Purpose: This study aims to examine the role of mindfulness in reducing turnover intention through work stress, and how resilience moderates this relationship among sales employees in Indonesia’s distribution industry.

Methodology/approach: Data were collected from 307 sales professionals through purposive sampling, consisting of employees with at least one year of tenure. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS 4.0.

Results/findings: Results indicate that mindfulness significantly reduces turnover intention by lowering work stress. Work stress fully mediates the relationship between mindfulness and turnover intention. Furthermore, resilience significantly moderates the relationship between mindfulness and work stress, strengthening the stress-reducing impact of mindfulness.

Conclusions: Mindfulness plays a critical role in decreasing employees' intention to leave by alleviating work stress, and resilience enhances this effect. Organizations are encouraged to implement structured mindfulness training programs and resilience-building workshops as part of their employee development strategies to mitigate stress-related turnover.

Limitations: The study was conducted using samples and populations from only one company and was limited to the sales department.

Contribution: This study contributes to the development of HRD management practices by introducing individual interventions focused on mindfulness and resilience. It provides new psychological approaches to reduce turnover caused by work stress.

Keywords:
1. Mindfulness
2. Resilienc
3. Sales Employees
4. Turnover Intention
5. Work Stress
Authors:
1 . Alexander Abraham Daeng Kuma
School of Business & Management (SBM), Bandung Insitute of Technology, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
2 . Henndy Ginting
School of Business & Management (SBM), Bandung Insitute of Technology, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
View PDF
How to Cite
Kuma, A. A. D., & Ginting, H. (2025). Mindfulness as a factor in reducing turnover intention in sales employees (the role of work stress and resilience in the process). Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 5(2), 409–421. https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v5i2.2912
Download Citation
  1. Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
  2. BibTeX

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
Issue & Section
Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): June
Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

References

    Afthanorhan, A., Ghazali, P. L., & Rashid, N. (2021). Discriminant Validity: A Comparison of CBSEM and Consistent PLS using Fornell & Larcker and HTMT Approaches. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1874(1), 1-6. doi:https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1874/1/012085

    Amri, R. N., Ardawiyah, R., Kamil, S. Z., Afrivalino, R., & Qurniawan, Z. E. (2024). Membangun Ketahanan Emosional: Relevansi Pesan Surah Al-Insyirah Ditengah Masa Krisis. Relinesia: Jurnal Kajian Agama dan Multikulturalisme Indonesia, 3(6), 23-33.

    Asthana, A. N. (2021). Effectiveness of Mindfulness in Business Education: Evidence from a Controlled Experiment. The International Journal of Management Education, 19(2). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100492

    Chems-Maarif, R., Cavanagh, K., Baer, R., Gu, J., & Strauss, C. (2025). Defining Mindfulness: A Review of Existing Definitions and Suggested Refinements. Mindfulness, 16(1), 1-20. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-024-02507-2

    Chen, B., Wang, L., Li, B., & Liu, W. (2022). Work Stress, Mental Health, and Employee Performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1-10. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1006580

    Davidson, R. J. (2021). Mindfulness and More: Toward a Science of Human Flourishing. Psychosomatic medicine, 83(6), 665-668. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/psy.0000000000000960

    Dodanwala, T. C., & Santoso, D. S. (2022). The Mediating Role of Job Stress on the Relationship Between Job Satisfaction Facets and Turnover Intention of the Construction Professionals. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 29(4), 1777-1796. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-12-2020-1048

    Dunan, H., & Karundeng, V. E. (2025). Pengaruh Kecerdasan Emosional dan Ketahanan Mental Terhadap Pengambilan Keputusan Trader di Industri Forex. Hirarki: Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen dan Bisnis, 7(1), 224-240. doi:https://doi.org/10.30606/yntjhb21

    Ekayamti, E., Marwan, & Mulyati, S. B. (2023). Gambaran Strategi Coping dalam Menghadapi Stres pada Remaja Kleas 12 IPA SMA Negeri 1 Ngawi. e-Journal Cakra Medika, 10(1), 52-59. doi:https://doi.org/10.55313/ojs.v10i1.149

    Fang, Z., Bao, Y., & Hua, M. (2024). Social Media Use for Work During Non-Work Hours and Turnover Intention: The Mediating Role of Burnout and the Moderating Role of Resilience. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1-10. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1391554

    Fauzan, R., Uce, L., Oktarina, R., & Otafiani, R. (2025). Mindfulness dalam Pendidikan: Meningkatkan Fokus dan Mengurangi Stres pada Peserta Didik Generasi Z. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia: Teori, Penelitian, dan Inovasi, 5(1), 87-94. doi:https://doi.org/10.59818/jpi.v5i1.1046

    Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R: A Workbook. New York: Springer Nature.

    Harsono, H. (2023). Politik Identitas dan Partisipasi Politik di Media Sosial: Analisis Model Struktural pada Generasi Z di Kota Malang. Electoral Governance Jurnal Tata Kelola Pemilu Indonesia, 4(2), 166-187. doi:https://doi.org/10.46874/tkp.v4i2.752

    Hernawan, B. D., & Srimulyani, V. A. (2021). Dampak Kompensasi terhadap Retensi Karyawan dengan Kepuasan Kerja sebagai Pemediasi. Reviu Akuntansi, Manajemen, dan Bisnis, 1(2), 115-125. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/rambis.v1i2.888

    Hommelhoff, S., Keller, F., & Stemmler, M. (2025). Turnover Reasons are More Complex Than “People Quit Bosses”: An Approach-Avoidance Perspective. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 158, 1-24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2025.104099

    Inshyn, M., Pavlichenko, O., Egorova-Lutsenko, T., Epel, O., & Stratiuk, A. (2023). Implementation of a System of Benefits and Incentives in High-Tech Companies: Opportunities for Ukrainian case. Corporate Governance and Organizational Behavior Review, 7(2), 38-49. doi:https://doi.org/10.22495/cgobrv7i2p4

    Jane, A., & Suyasa, P. T. Y. (2025). Mindfulness untuk Peningkatan Subjective Well-Being: Studi pada Caregiver Lansia. J-CEKI: Jurnal Cendekia Ilmiah, 4(2), 1494-1501. doi:https://doi.org/10.56799/jceki.v4i2.6862

    Liang, F., & Cao, L. (2021). Linking Employee Resilience with Organizational Resilience: The Roles of Coping Mechanism and Managerial Resilience. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 14, 1063-1075. doi:https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S318632

    Lu, L., Lu, A. C. C., Gursoy, D., & Neale, N. R. (2016). Work Engagement, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Intentions: A Comparison Between Supervisors and Line-Level Employees. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(4), 737-761. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-07-2014-0360

    Lubis, R., Syafitri, N., Alyani, N. N., Maylinda, R. N., Anda, R., & Zulfiyanti, N. (2024). Job Stress and Turnover Intention in Generation Z Teachers: Resilience as a Moderator. Psikologika: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Penelitian Psikologi, 29(1), 125-142. doi:https://doi.org/10.20885/psikologika.vol29.iss1.art8

    Micklitz, K., Wong, G., & Howick, J. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Programmes to Reduce Stress and Enhance Well-Being at Work: A Realist Review. BMJ Open, 11(3), 1-16. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043525

    Molino, M., Ingusci, E., Signore, F., Manuti, A., Giancaspro, M. L., Russo, V., . . . Cortese, C. G. (2020). Wellbeing Costs of Technology Use during Covid-19 Remote Working: An Investigation Using the Italian Translation of the Technostress Creators Scale. Sustainability, 12(15), 1-20. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su12155911

    Nath, S., Chakraborty, S., & Banerjee, K. (2024). Stress Management and Work Life Balance: A Case Study. International Journal of Research in Human Resource Management, 6(1), 121-124. doi:https://doi.org/10.33545/26633213.2024.v6.i1b.178

    Ningsih, N. S., & Yunita, R. (2024). Hubungan Antara Konflik Kerja dengan Stres Kerja pada Wanita Usia Dewasa Awal. Afeksi: Jurnal Psikologi, 3(5), 1-12.

    Padmanabhanunni, A., Pretorius, T. B., & Khamisa, N. (2023). The Role of Resilience in the Relationship Between Role Stress and Psychological Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. BMC Psychology, 11(1), 1-10. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01082-w

    Patil, Y., Sabbu, K., Iyer, R. B., Philip, S. T., Nadhar, A. A., Thakur, K. S., . . . Iyer, R. (2024). Effect of Heartfulness Meditation on Oxidative Stress and Mindfulness in Healthy Participants. Cureus, 16(6), 1-11. doi:https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.62943

    Putri, A. E., & Laeli, S. (2024). Membangun Resiliensi Sepanjang Rentang Kehidupan: Strategi Menghadapi Tantangan dan Tekanan. Karimah Tauhid, 3(6), 6846-6854. doi:https://doi.org/10.30997/karimahtauhid.v3i6.13871

    Putri, N. H. (2023). Literatur Riview Terhadap Turnover Intention: Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja dan Stres Kerja. Studi Ilmu Manajemen dan Organisasi, 4(1), 51-61. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/simo.v4i1.1728

    Robertson, I. T., Cooper, C. L., Sarkar, M., & Curran, T. (2015). Resilience Training in the Workplace from 2003 to 2014: A Systematic Review. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 88(3), 533-562.

    Saba, Z. I. Z. (2024). Pentingnya Kesehatan Mental Karyawan di Tempat Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. JBK Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling, 2(2), 38-45.

    Sentin, I., Metin Camgoz, S., Bayhan Karapinar, P., Miski Aydin, E., & Tayfur Ekmekci, O. (2025). Does Mindfulness Matter on Employee Outcomes? Exploring its Effects Via Perceived Stress. BMC Psychology, 13(1), 1-14. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02626-y

    Setiawan, A. F. (2024). Peran Regulasi Diri Terhadap Perilaku Phubbing dan Implikasinya Pada Ketahanan Pribadi (Studi pada Mahasiswa Universitas Gadjah Mada). Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, 30(2), 147-160. doi:https://doi.org/10.22146/jkn.97254

    Supi, Noermijati, Wirawan Irawanto, D., & Puspaningrum, A. (2023). Talent Management Practices and Turnover Intention: The Role of Perceived Distributive Justice and Perceived Organizational Support. Cogent Business & Management, 10(3), 1-17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2265089

    Tang, Y.-Y., Hölzel, B. K., & Posner, M. I. (2015). The Neuroscience of Mindfulness Meditation. Nature reviews neuroscience, 16(4), 213-225. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3916

    Tran, T.-T., Nguyen, T.-T., & Nguyen, N.-T. (2025). Determinants Influencing Job-Hopping Behavior and Turnover Intention: An Investigation Among Gen Z in the Marketing Field. Asia Pacific Management Review, 30(2), 1-10. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2025.100358

    Tupper, H., & Ellis, S. (2022). It's Time to Reimagine Employee Retention. Harvard business review, 58(2), 196-212.

    Üngüren, E., Onur, N., Demirel, H., & Tekin, Ö. A. (2024). The Effects of Job Stress on Burnout and Turnover Intention: The Moderating Effects of Job Security and Financial Dependency. Behavioral Sciences, 14(4), 1-21. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14040322

    Universari, N., & Harsono, M. (2021). Antecedents and Consequences of Work Stress Behavior. Economics and Business Solutions Journal, 5(1), 46-63. doi:https://doi.org/10.26623/ebsj.v5i1.3362

    Vadivel, V., Nainee, S., Arumugam, P. R., & Anbalagan, S. (2022). The Impact of Self-Efficacy and Social Support Towards Resilience Among Malaysian Working Adults During COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Techno-Social, 14(2), 8-14. doi:https://doi.org/10.30880/jts.2022.14.02.002

    Wu, A., Roemer, E. C., Kent, K. B., Ballard, D. W., & Goetzel, R. Z. (2021). Organizational Best Practices Supporting Mental Health in the Workplace. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, 63(12), 925-931. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/jom.0000000000002407

    Zhang, D., Lee, E. K., Mak, E. C., Ho, C. Y., & Wong, S. Y. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Interventions: An Overall Review. British Medical Bulletin, 138(1), 41-57. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldab005

    Zulkifli, S., Afifah, N., & Mustaruddin, M. (2024). Factors that Influence and Affect Job Stress: Sebuah Tinjauan Sistematis. Innovative: Journal of Social Science Research, 4(3), 7473-7489. doi:https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v4i3.11294

  1. Afthanorhan, A., Ghazali, P. L., & Rashid, N. (2021). Discriminant Validity: A Comparison of CBSEM and Consistent PLS using Fornell & Larcker and HTMT Approaches. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1874(1), 1-6. doi:https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1874/1/012085
  2. Amri, R. N., Ardawiyah, R., Kamil, S. Z., Afrivalino, R., & Qurniawan, Z. E. (2024). Membangun Ketahanan Emosional: Relevansi Pesan Surah Al-Insyirah Ditengah Masa Krisis. Relinesia: Jurnal Kajian Agama dan Multikulturalisme Indonesia, 3(6), 23-33.
  3. Asthana, A. N. (2021). Effectiveness of Mindfulness in Business Education: Evidence from a Controlled Experiment. The International Journal of Management Education, 19(2). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100492
  4. Chems-Maarif, R., Cavanagh, K., Baer, R., Gu, J., & Strauss, C. (2025). Defining Mindfulness: A Review of Existing Definitions and Suggested Refinements. Mindfulness, 16(1), 1-20. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-024-02507-2
  5. Chen, B., Wang, L., Li, B., & Liu, W. (2022). Work Stress, Mental Health, and Employee Performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1-10. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1006580
  6. Davidson, R. J. (2021). Mindfulness and More: Toward a Science of Human Flourishing. Psychosomatic medicine, 83(6), 665-668. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/psy.0000000000000960
  7. Dodanwala, T. C., & Santoso, D. S. (2022). The Mediating Role of Job Stress on the Relationship Between Job Satisfaction Facets and Turnover Intention of the Construction Professionals. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 29(4), 1777-1796. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-12-2020-1048
  8. Dunan, H., & Karundeng, V. E. (2025). Pengaruh Kecerdasan Emosional dan Ketahanan Mental Terhadap Pengambilan Keputusan Trader di Industri Forex. Hirarki: Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen dan Bisnis, 7(1), 224-240. doi:https://doi.org/10.30606/yntjhb21
  9. Ekayamti, E., Marwan, & Mulyati, S. B. (2023). Gambaran Strategi Coping dalam Menghadapi Stres pada Remaja Kleas 12 IPA SMA Negeri 1 Ngawi. e-Journal Cakra Medika, 10(1), 52-59. doi:https://doi.org/10.55313/ojs.v10i1.149
  10. Fang, Z., Bao, Y., & Hua, M. (2024). Social Media Use for Work During Non-Work Hours and Turnover Intention: The Mediating Role of Burnout and the Moderating Role of Resilience. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1-10. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1391554
  11. Fauzan, R., Uce, L., Oktarina, R., & Otafiani, R. (2025). Mindfulness dalam Pendidikan: Meningkatkan Fokus dan Mengurangi Stres pada Peserta Didik Generasi Z. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia: Teori, Penelitian, dan Inovasi, 5(1), 87-94. doi:https://doi.org/10.59818/jpi.v5i1.1046
  12. Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R: A Workbook. New York: Springer Nature.
  13. Harsono, H. (2023). Politik Identitas dan Partisipasi Politik di Media Sosial: Analisis Model Struktural pada Generasi Z di Kota Malang. Electoral Governance Jurnal Tata Kelola Pemilu Indonesia, 4(2), 166-187. doi:https://doi.org/10.46874/tkp.v4i2.752
  14. Hernawan, B. D., & Srimulyani, V. A. (2021). Dampak Kompensasi terhadap Retensi Karyawan dengan Kepuasan Kerja sebagai Pemediasi. Reviu Akuntansi, Manajemen, dan Bisnis, 1(2), 115-125. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/rambis.v1i2.888
  15. Hommelhoff, S., Keller, F., & Stemmler, M. (2025). Turnover Reasons are More Complex Than “People Quit Bosses”: An Approach-Avoidance Perspective. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 158, 1-24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2025.104099
  16. Inshyn, M., Pavlichenko, O., Egorova-Lutsenko, T., Epel, O., & Stratiuk, A. (2023). Implementation of a System of Benefits and Incentives in High-Tech Companies: Opportunities for Ukrainian case. Corporate Governance and Organizational Behavior Review, 7(2), 38-49. doi:https://doi.org/10.22495/cgobrv7i2p4
  17. Jane, A., & Suyasa, P. T. Y. (2025). Mindfulness untuk Peningkatan Subjective Well-Being: Studi pada Caregiver Lansia. J-CEKI: Jurnal Cendekia Ilmiah, 4(2), 1494-1501. doi:https://doi.org/10.56799/jceki.v4i2.6862
  18. Liang, F., & Cao, L. (2021). Linking Employee Resilience with Organizational Resilience: The Roles of Coping Mechanism and Managerial Resilience. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 14, 1063-1075. doi:https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S318632
  19. Lu, L., Lu, A. C. C., Gursoy, D., & Neale, N. R. (2016). Work Engagement, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Intentions: A Comparison Between Supervisors and Line-Level Employees. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(4), 737-761. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-07-2014-0360
  20. Lubis, R., Syafitri, N., Alyani, N. N., Maylinda, R. N., Anda, R., & Zulfiyanti, N. (2024). Job Stress and Turnover Intention in Generation Z Teachers: Resilience as a Moderator. Psikologika: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Penelitian Psikologi, 29(1), 125-142. doi:https://doi.org/10.20885/psikologika.vol29.iss1.art8
  21. Micklitz, K., Wong, G., & Howick, J. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Programmes to Reduce Stress and Enhance Well-Being at Work: A Realist Review. BMJ Open, 11(3), 1-16. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043525
  22. Molino, M., Ingusci, E., Signore, F., Manuti, A., Giancaspro, M. L., Russo, V., . . . Cortese, C. G. (2020). Wellbeing Costs of Technology Use during Covid-19 Remote Working: An Investigation Using the Italian Translation of the Technostress Creators Scale. Sustainability, 12(15), 1-20. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su12155911
  23. Nath, S., Chakraborty, S., & Banerjee, K. (2024). Stress Management and Work Life Balance: A Case Study. International Journal of Research in Human Resource Management, 6(1), 121-124. doi:https://doi.org/10.33545/26633213.2024.v6.i1b.178
  24. Ningsih, N. S., & Yunita, R. (2024). Hubungan Antara Konflik Kerja dengan Stres Kerja pada Wanita Usia Dewasa Awal. Afeksi: Jurnal Psikologi, 3(5), 1-12.
  25. Padmanabhanunni, A., Pretorius, T. B., & Khamisa, N. (2023). The Role of Resilience in the Relationship Between Role Stress and Psychological Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. BMC Psychology, 11(1), 1-10. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01082-w
  26. Patil, Y., Sabbu, K., Iyer, R. B., Philip, S. T., Nadhar, A. A., Thakur, K. S., . . . Iyer, R. (2024). Effect of Heartfulness Meditation on Oxidative Stress and Mindfulness in Healthy Participants. Cureus, 16(6), 1-11. doi:https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.62943
  27. Putri, A. E., & Laeli, S. (2024). Membangun Resiliensi Sepanjang Rentang Kehidupan: Strategi Menghadapi Tantangan dan Tekanan. Karimah Tauhid, 3(6), 6846-6854. doi:https://doi.org/10.30997/karimahtauhid.v3i6.13871
  28. Putri, N. H. (2023). Literatur Riview Terhadap Turnover Intention: Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja dan Stres Kerja. Studi Ilmu Manajemen dan Organisasi, 4(1), 51-61. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/simo.v4i1.1728
  29. Robertson, I. T., Cooper, C. L., Sarkar, M., & Curran, T. (2015). Resilience Training in the Workplace from 2003 to 2014: A Systematic Review. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 88(3), 533-562.
  30. Saba, Z. I. Z. (2024). Pentingnya Kesehatan Mental Karyawan di Tempat Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. JBK Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling, 2(2), 38-45.
  31. Sentin, I., Metin Camgoz, S., Bayhan Karapinar, P., Miski Aydin, E., & Tayfur Ekmekci, O. (2025). Does Mindfulness Matter on Employee Outcomes? Exploring its Effects Via Perceived Stress. BMC Psychology, 13(1), 1-14. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02626-y
  32. Setiawan, A. F. (2024). Peran Regulasi Diri Terhadap Perilaku Phubbing dan Implikasinya Pada Ketahanan Pribadi (Studi pada Mahasiswa Universitas Gadjah Mada). Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, 30(2), 147-160. doi:https://doi.org/10.22146/jkn.97254
  33. Supi, Noermijati, Wirawan Irawanto, D., & Puspaningrum, A. (2023). Talent Management Practices and Turnover Intention: The Role of Perceived Distributive Justice and Perceived Organizational Support. Cogent Business & Management, 10(3), 1-17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2265089
  34. Tang, Y.-Y., Hölzel, B. K., & Posner, M. I. (2015). The Neuroscience of Mindfulness Meditation. Nature reviews neuroscience, 16(4), 213-225. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3916
  35. Tran, T.-T., Nguyen, T.-T., & Nguyen, N.-T. (2025). Determinants Influencing Job-Hopping Behavior and Turnover Intention: An Investigation Among Gen Z in the Marketing Field. Asia Pacific Management Review, 30(2), 1-10. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2025.100358
  36. Tupper, H., & Ellis, S. (2022). It's Time to Reimagine Employee Retention. Harvard business review, 58(2), 196-212.
  37. Üngüren, E., Onur, N., Demirel, H., & Tekin, Ö. A. (2024). The Effects of Job Stress on Burnout and Turnover Intention: The Moderating Effects of Job Security and Financial Dependency. Behavioral Sciences, 14(4), 1-21. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14040322
  38. Universari, N., & Harsono, M. (2021). Antecedents and Consequences of Work Stress Behavior. Economics and Business Solutions Journal, 5(1), 46-63. doi:https://doi.org/10.26623/ebsj.v5i1.3362
  39. Vadivel, V., Nainee, S., Arumugam, P. R., & Anbalagan, S. (2022). The Impact of Self-Efficacy and Social Support Towards Resilience Among Malaysian Working Adults During COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Techno-Social, 14(2), 8-14. doi:https://doi.org/10.30880/jts.2022.14.02.002
  40. Wu, A., Roemer, E. C., Kent, K. B., Ballard, D. W., & Goetzel, R. Z. (2021). Organizational Best Practices Supporting Mental Health in the Workplace. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, 63(12), 925-931. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/jom.0000000000002407
  41. Zhang, D., Lee, E. K., Mak, E. C., Ho, C. Y., & Wong, S. Y. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Interventions: An Overall Review. British Medical Bulletin, 138(1), 41-57. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldab005
  42. Zulkifli, S., Afifah, N., & Mustaruddin, M. (2024). Factors that Influence and Affect Job Stress: Sebuah Tinjauan Sistematis. Innovative: Journal of Social Science Research, 4(3), 7473-7489. doi:https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v4i3.11294