Determining the performance of public sector organizations: An analysis of competence, motivation, career paths, and compensation through job satisfaction

https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v5i4.3365
Published: Dec 11, 2025

Abstract:

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of competence, motivation, career path, competence, and job satisfaction on organizational performance in public sector companies in Indonesia.

Methodology: This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using a comparative literature review method. Data were collected from previous relevant studies obtained through reputable academic databases, including Thomson Reuters, Springer, Taylor & Francis, Scopus, Emerald, Elsevier, Sage, Web of Science, Sinta 2–5 Journals, DOAJ, EBSCO, Google Scholar, Copernicus, and digital reference books to analyze relationships among key variables.

Results: The findings indicate that competence, motivation, career path, and compensation each positively influence job satisfaction and organizational performance. Job satisfaction also directly enhances organizational performance. Furthermore, competence, motivation, career path, and compensation indirectly affect organizational performance through the mediating role of job satisfaction.

Conclusions: Competence, motivation, career path, and compensation significantly enhance job satisfaction and organizational performance in Indonesia’s public sector.

Limitations: This study is limited to Organizational Performance and Job Satisfaction in the public sector in Indonesia.

Contribution: This study examines how competence, motivation, career path, compensation, and job satisfaction influence public sector organizational performance.

Keywords:
1. Career Path
2. Compensation
3. Job Satisfaction
4. Organizational Performance
5. Public Sector
Authors:
1 . Sismiati Sismiati
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Tunas Nusantara, Jakarta, Indonesia
2 . Primadi Candra Susanto
Institut Transportasi dan Logistik Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
3 . Aang Gunawan
Institut Transportasi dan Logistik Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
4 . Basri Fahriza
Institut Transportasi dan Logistik Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
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How to Cite
Sismiati, S., Susanto, P. C., Gunawan, A., & Fahriza, B. (2025). Determining the performance of public sector organizations: An analysis of competence, motivation, career paths, and compensation through job satisfaction. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 5(4), 135–153. https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v5i4.3365
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Issue & Section
Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): December
Articles
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    Maharani, A., & Saputra, F. (2021). Relationship of Investment Motivation, Investment Knowledge and Minimum Capital to Investment Interest. Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities, 2(1), 23-32. doi:https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v2i1.84

    Manjoo, N., Rajlal, A., & Utete, R. (2023). The Influence of Career Pathing Practice on Employee Retention: Evidence From a Leading Organisation in South Africa. The Seybold Report, 18(2), 1151-1164. doi:https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/BN62C

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  1. Afuan, M. A., Ali, H., & Zefriyenni, Z. (2024). Determination of Performance Through Job Satisfaction: Competence, Motivation and Organizational Commitment at the Central Statistics Agency in West Sumatra. Qubahan Academic Journal, 4(3), 662-677. doi:https://doi.org/10.48161/qaj.v4n3a810
  2. Ali, H., Istianingsih, S., & Farhan, S. (2022). Pengukuran Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Beban Kerja, Budaya Kerja dan Motivasi (Studi Literature Review). Jurnal Ilmu Multidisiplin, 1(1), 83-93. doi:https://doi.org/10.38035/jim.v1i1.16
  3. Anh, V. T. V. (2023). Sustainable Performance Measurement in Public Sectors: A Systematic Literature Review. VNU Journal of Economics and Business, 3(6), 58-67. doi:https://doi.org/10.57110/vnujeb.v3i6.225
  4. Anugra, Nurrahmi, M., Hustia, A., & Bahieta, B. (2023). The Effect of Compensation and Work Discipline on Employee Performance. Proceedings International Conference on Business, Economics & Management, 1, 715-730. doi:https://doi.org/10.47747/icbem.v1i1.1247
  5. Arshad, M. A., Kalimullah, Khan, S., & Shahid, Z. (2020). High Performance Organisation: The Only Way to Sustain Public Sector Organisations. International Journal of Public Sector Performance Management, 6(6), 806-816. doi:https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.110985
  6. Christianto, R. D. P. (2021). The Influence of Servant Leadership and Employee Compensation on Employee Engagement Through Employee Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable at PT Indonesia Power Suralaya Power Generation Unit. Journal of Business and Behavioural Entrepreneurship, 5(2), 118-128. doi:https://doi.org/10.21009/JOBBE.005.2.14
  7. Darmadi, & Suwanto. (2025). The Effect of Compensation System and Career Development on Job Satisfaction in the Retail Industry. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan, 13(4), 2361-2372. doi:https://doi.org/10.37641/jimkes.v13i4.3367
  8. Fikri, M. A. R., & Tjenreng, M. B. Z. (2025). Manajemen Pelayanan Publik. Jurnal PKM Manajemen Bisnis, 5(1), 291-304. doi:https://doi.org/10.37481/pkmb.v5i1.1300
  9. Hajiali, I., Kessi, A. M. F., Budiandriani, B., Prihatin, E., & Sufri, M. M. (2022). Determination of Work Motivation, Leadership Style, Employee Competence on Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, 2(1), 57-69. doi:https://doi.org/10.52970/grhrm.v2i1.160
  10. Hanum, N., Munandar, J. M., & Purwono, J. (2020). The Influence of Competence and Knowledge Management on Performance. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 18(2), 252-260. doi:https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2020.018.02.05
  11. Hasibuan, J. S., & Bayzura, N. (2021). The Effect of Transformational Leadership, Compensation and Motivation on Employee Performance at PT Asam Jawa Medan. Journal of International Conference Proceedings, 4(2), 584-591. doi:https://doi.org/10.32535/jicp.v4i2.1317
  12. Jumawan, Saputra, F., & Prabowo, P. B. (2023). Determinasi Pelatihan Florist dan Kualitas Pelayanan Kewirausahaan Pada Kejutbypugo Kota Bekasi. OPTIMAL: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen, 3(4), 216-227. doi:https://doi.org/10.55606/optimal.v3i4.2333
  13. Kahfi, D. S., Wibowo, I., & Widodo, D. S. (2022). The Effect of Organizational Culture and Transformational Leadership on Organizational Performance Through Employee Motivation as a Mediation Variable at Mercubuana University. Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, 1(1), 1-9. doi:https://doi.org/10.47742/jhssr.v1n1p1
  14. Kalogiannidis, S. (2021). Impact of Employee Motivation on Organizational Performance. A Scoping Review Paper for Public Sector. The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 996(3), 984-996. doi:https://doi.org/10.61426/sjbcm.v8i3.2064
  15. Katabalo, C. V., & Mwita, K. M. (2024). The Role of Compensation on Job Satisfaction, Employee Performance and Organisational Performance. Science Mundi, 4(1), 137-148. doi:https://doi.org/10.51867/scimundi.4.1.12
  16. Kumari, K., Ali, S. B., & Abbas, J. (2021). Examining the Role of Motivation and Reward in Employees' Job Performance through Mediating Effect of Job Satisfaction: An Empirical Evidence. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 10(4), 401-420. doi:https://doi.org/10.33844/ijol.2021.60606
  17. Lukman, C. G. F., & Wahyuningtyas, R. (2025). The Influence of Career Path and Compensation on Employee Turnover Intention of PT ABC XYZ Area. International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting, 2(3), 359-367. doi:https://doi.org/10.61132/ijema.v2i3.756
  18. Maharani, A., & Saputra, F. (2021). Relationship of Investment Motivation, Investment Knowledge and Minimum Capital to Investment Interest. Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities, 2(1), 23-32. doi:https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v2i1.84
  19. Manjoo, N., Rajlal, A., & Utete, R. (2023). The Influence of Career Pathing Practice on Employee Retention: Evidence From a Leading Organisation in South Africa. The Seybold Report, 18(2), 1151-1164. doi:https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/BN62C
  20. Mi, W., & Ali, D. A. (2024). Application of Career Management in Improving the Job Satisfaction of Civil Servants. Strategic Management Insights, 1(7). doi:https://doi.org/10.70088/7ycb1w32
  21. Normi, S. (2024). Analysis of Motivation, Career Path and Work Discipline on Employee Performance in the Communications and Informatics Service Medan City. Maker: Jurnal Manajemen, 10(1), 119-128. doi:https://doi.org/10.37403/mjm.v10i1.674
  22. Nugroho, T., Erari, A., & Adji, S. S. (2021). The Effects of Leadership, Competence, and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance Mediated By Employee Satisfaction. Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal, 3(2), 332-346. doi:https://doi.org/10.33258/biohs.v3i2.454
  23. Nuraeni, Nuruly, S., Harun, S. H., & Susanto, P. C. (2022). Organization Development Projection: Analysis of Leadership Style, Teamwork, Competence Employee and Recruitment Process. Journal of Economics, Management, Entrepreneurship, and Business (JEMEB), 2(2), 139-145. doi:https://doi.org/10.52909/jemeb.v2i2.109
  24. Obeidat, A. M., Al-Omari, K. A., Aljawarneh, N. M., & Alkhlouf, I. I. (2022). The Effect of Career Path Planning on Organisational Performance. International Journal of Business Innovation and Research, 27(4), 508-525. doi:https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBIR.2022.122494
  25. Onubi, H. O., Carpio, M., & Hassan, A. S. (2024). Job Satisfaction in Green Construction Projects: Antecedent Roles of Green Work Climate, Pro-Environmental Construction Practice and Green Human Capital. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 31(5), 1857-1878. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-06-2022-0548
  26. Oyebanji, S. O., Folurunsho, I., Dada, O., Adeagbo, K., Adeniji, O., & Olaleye, Z. (2023). Organizational Performance: The Imperatives of Employee Engagement and Job Satisfaction. Nigerian Journal of Management Sciences, 24(1), 120-130.
  27. Putri, G. A. M., Fauzi, A., Saputra, F., Danaya, B. P., & Puspitasari, D. (2023). Pengaruh Pengembangan Karier, Budaya Organisasi dan Beban Kerja terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan (Literature Review MSDM. Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Sistem Informasi (JEMSI), 5(2), 99-110. doi:https://doi.org/10.31933/jemsi.v5i2.1688
  28. Rosalia, P. D., Mintarti, S., & Heksarini, A. (2020). The Effect of Compensation and Motivation on Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance at SMK Medika Samarinda. Saudi Journal of Business and Management Studies, 5(7), 448-454. doi:https://doi.org/10.36348/sjbms.2020.v05i07.009
  29. Saputra, F. (2021). Leadership, Communication, and Work Motivation in Determining the Success of Professional Organizations. Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities, 1(2), 59-70. doi:https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v1i2.54
  30. Saputra, F., & Mahaputra, M. R. (2022). Effect of Job Satisfaction, Employee Loyalty and Employee Commitment on Leadership Style (Human Resource Literature Study). Dinasti International Journal of Management Science, 3(4), 762-772. doi:https://doi.org/10.31933/dijms.v3i4.1324
  31. Saputra, F., Putri, G. A. M., Puspitasari, D., & Danaya, B. P. (2024). Pengaruh Pengembangan Karier dan Budaya Kerja terhadap Loyalitas Karyawan dengan Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening pada PT Graha Sarana Duta Cabang STO Gambir. Trending: Jurnal Manajemen dan Ekonomi, 2(1), 168-186. doi:https://doi.org/10.30640/trending.v2i1.1937
  32. Serang, S., Ritamariani, A., Kamase, J., & Gani, A. (2023). The Influence of Work Motivation, Compensation, and Work Procedures on Job Satisfaction and Field Extension Performance Family Planning in South Sulawesi. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(5), 1-34. doi:https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i5.2180
  33. Setiyarti, T., Subagio, M., Suryaningsih, L., Sugiarti, S., & Mahendra, D. (2024). Determination of Employee Engagement: Analysis Path Career, Organization Culture, Remuneration, and Development Leadership. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary, 3(2), 379-392. doi:https://doi.org/10.38035/ijam.v3i2.653
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