Purpose: Indonesia’s position as the world’s largest archipelagic state makes Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) a critical element of national resilience. This study aims to evaluate Indonesia’s MDA readiness through a multi-layered analytical framework that integrates strategic, operational, and technological dimensions, with particular emphasis on human capital and organizational capability.

Methodology: A mixed-method approach was employed, combining policy analysis, literature synthesis, and quantitative SWOT-based Internal–External Factor Analysis (IFAS–EFAS).

Results: Indonesia’s MDA system demonstrates a moderately strong internal capability (IFAS = 2.95) and a favorable external environment (EFAS = 3.10), positioning the country in a progressive growth quadrant. However, significant gaps remain in interagency coordination, technological distribution, and human capital competencies, particularly in data analytics and in cross-sectoral integration.

Conclusions: This study concludes that strengthening MDA requires an integrated strategy that combines institutional consolidation, technological modernization, and human capital development. In particular, this integration should be operationalized through the establishment of a unified interagency command structure, expansion of real-time maritime data fusion systems supported by AI-based analytics, and implementation of a standardized national competency framework to enhance cross-agency coordination and analytical capability.

Limitations: This study is limited by its reliance on simulated IFAS–EFAS scoring and secondary data sources, which may not fully capture real-time institutional dynamics. Future research should incorporate primary data and longitudinal analyses to validate the model

Contributions: The findings contribute theoretically by extending MDA analysis through a multi-layered resilience framework and practically by providing a policy-oriented roadmap for Indonesia’s maritime governance.