Community Support Groups and Home-Based Care among Persons Living with HIV and AIDS in Lira District, Uganda

https://doi.org/10.35912/ajh.v1i2.1465
Published: Jun 8, 2023

Abstract:

Purpose: This study investigated the contribution of Community support groups on Home based care to Persons Living with HIV in Lira District.

Research Methodology: We adopted a cross-sectional research design among a sample of 226 respondents. Using both the Self-Administered Questionnaires and an Interview Guide.

Results: The findings suggested that Community support groups (?=4.959, SD=0.5393) help in enhancing home-based care for PLHIV in Lira District. Further, Community support groups had a significant effect on Adherence to ART (?=0.641, P<0.05), Nutrition support (?=0.581, P<0.05), and Palliative care (?=0.638, P<0.05).

Limitations: This study covered only one district in the entire Lango sub-region yet if more districts were included, possibly the outcomes would have been different.

Contribution: This study contributes empirical evidence of the association between Community support groups and home-based care to PLHIV in Lira District. Therefore, for improved home-based care for PLHIV, stakeholders are encouraged to mobilize local communities to form Community support groups so that they can be able to offer support to PLHIV.

Practical implication: The study contributes to practice since HBC CSG can be used as a tool for improving the level of palliative care among the PLHIV in the local community given that the care for PLHIV has greatly moved away from the hospital-based to home-based.

Novelty: Studies on Community support groups are still limited since much of the literature originates from other parts save for Uganda and it is worse for Lira district.

Keywords:
1. CSG
2. HBC
3. PLHIV
4. ART
5. nutrition
Authors:
1 . Zamaradi Auma
Public Administration and Management, Lira University, Uganda
2 . Gilbert Obici
Public Administration and Management, Lira University, Uganda
3 . David Mwesigwa
Public Administration and Management, Lira University, Uganda
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How to Cite
Auma, Z., Obici, G., & Mwesigwa, D. . (2023). Community Support Groups and Home-Based Care among Persons Living with HIV and AIDS in Lira District, Uganda. Annals of Justice and Humanity, 1(2), 69–83. https://doi.org/10.35912/ajh.v1i2.1465
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Vol. 1 No. 2 (2022): June
Articles
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References

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    Adula, M., Kant, S., & Birbirsa, Z. A. (2022). Systematic Literature Review on Human Resource Management Effect on Organization Performance. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 2(2), 131-146.

    Al-Mahrezi, A., & Al-Mandhari, Z. (2016). Palliative care: time for action. Oman medical journal, 31(3), 161.

    Ammon, N., Mason, S., & Corkery, J. (2018). Factors impacting antiretroviral therapy adherence among human immunodeficiency virus–positive adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. Public health, 157, 20-31.

    Areri, H. A. (2019). Palliative Care in HIV AND AIDS.

    Bourdieu, P. (1986). The Forms of Capital? in Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, ed. by JG Richardson, Greenwood Press, New York.

    Buss, M. K., Rock, L. K., & McCarthy, E. P. (2017). Understanding palliative care and hospice: a review for primary care providers. Paper presented at the Mayo Clinic Proceedings.

    Byrd, K. K., Hou, J. G., Hazen, R., Kirkham, H., Suzuki, S., Clay, P. G., . . . Delpino, A. (2019). Antiretroviral adherence level necessary for HIV viral suppression using real-world data. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 82(3), 245.

    Chime, O. H., Arinze-Onyia, S. U., & Obionu, C. N. (2018). Do peer support groups have an effect on medication adherence? A study among people living with HIV/AIDS in Enugu State, Nigeria. Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare, 27(4), 256-264.

    Cresswell, K. M., Sadler, S., Rodgers, S., Avery, A., Cantrill, J., Murray, S. A., & Sheikh, A. (2012). An embedded longitudinal multi-faceted qualitative evaluation of a complex cluster randomized controlled trial aiming to reduce clinically important errors in medicines management in general practice. Trials, 13(1), 1-13.

    Derose, K. P., Payán, D. D., Fulcar, M. A., Terrero, S., Acevedo, R., Farías, H., & Palar, K. (2017). Factors contributing to food insecurity among women living with HIV in the Dominican Republic: A qualitative study. PloS one, 12(7), e0181568.

    Dewi, F. G. (2022). Mutations of position and performance of local government public officers: An experimental study. Journal of Governance and Accountability Studies, 2(2), 93-105.

    Florin, J., Lubatkin, M., & Schulze, W. (2003). A social capital model of high-growth ventures. Academy of Management Journal, 46(3), 374-384.

    Halima, M. S., Patricia, A. A., Lisa, L. P., & Asabe, A. M. (2016). Pattern of home-based care in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients attending adult antiretroviral therapy clinic of Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria: A review from September, 2008 to December, 2013. Journal of AIDS and HIV Research, 8(5), 50-59.

    Hodgson, I., Nakiyemba, A., Seeley, J., Bitira, D., & Gitau-Mburu, D. (2012). Only connect–the role of PLHIV group networks in increasing the effectiveness of Ugandan HIV services. AIDS care, 24(11), 1368-1374.

    Iacono, S. L., & Allen, E. (2011). The cooperative model for the delivery of home based care services for people living with HIV. Geneva: International Labour Organization.

    Iezzoni, L. I., Gallopyn, N., & Scales, K. (2019). Historical mismatch between home-based care policies and laws governing home care workers. Health Affairs, 38(6), 973-980.

    Isabirye, R., Puleh, S. S., Opii, D. J., Opio-Ekit, S., Lokiru, L., Isoke, R., . . . Obua, C. (2021). Barriers and Facilitators of Art Adherence Among Hiv Positive Patients in Community Client-led Art Delivery Groups at Lira Regional Referral Hospital.

    Jack, B. A., Kirton, J., Birakurataki, J., & Merriman, A. (2011). ‘A bridge to the hospice’: the impact of a Community Volunteer Programme in Uganda. Palliative Medicine, 25(7), 706-715.

    Jobarteh, K., Shiraishi, R. W., Malimane, I., Samo Gudo, P., Decroo, T., Auld, A. F., . . . Couto, A. (2016). Community ART support groups in Mozambique: the potential of patients as partners in care. PloS one, 11(12), e0166444.

    Kave, S., Khuzwayo, N. F., Hatcher, A., & Sikweyiya, Y. (2019). The role of support groups in linking and retaining newly diagnosed clients in HIV care in a peri-urban location in South Africa. African Journal of AIDS Research, 18(1), 9-17.

    Kothari, A., MacLean, L., Edwards, N., & Hobbs, A. (2011). Indicators at the interface: managing policymaker-researcher collaboration. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 9, 203-214.

    Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610.

    Larki, M., & Roudsari, R. L. (2020). Home-based care, the missing link in caring of patients living with HIV/AIDS and their family members: a narrative review. International Journal of Community Based Nursing and Midwifery, 8(3), 190.

    Latunusa, P. M., Timuneno, T., & Fanggidae, R. E. (2023). The effect of multiple role conflict and work stress on the performance of women nurses during the covid-19 with coping stress as intervening variables (Study at SoE Regional General Hospital). Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic and Practice Studies, 1(1), 53-67.

    MacRae, M. C., Fazal, O., & O'Donovan, J. (2020). Community health workers in palliative care provision in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review of the literature. BMJ Global Health, 5(5), e002368.

    Malale, K. (2011). Home Based Care for People Living with HIV/AIDS; Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Family Care Givers at Ukonga Ward in Ilala District. Dar Es Salaam Medical Students' Journal, 18(1), 23-31.

    Massavon, W., Mugenyi, L., Nsubuga, M., Lundin, R., Penazzato, M., Nannyonga, M., . . . Kironde, S. (2014). Nsambya community Home-Based Care complements national HIV and TB management efforts and contributes to health systems strengthening in Uganda: an observational study. International Scholarly Research Notices.

    Mburu, G., Oxenham, D., Hodgson, I., Nakiyemba, A., Seeley, J., & Bermejo, A. (2013). Community systems strengthening for HIV care: experiences from Uganda. Journal of social work in end-of-life & palliative care, 9(4), 343-368.

    MoH. (2010). The Second National Health Policy: Promoting People's Health to Enhance Socio-economic Development. Retrieved from http://library.health.go.ug/sites/default/files/resources/Second%20National%20Health%20Policy%202010.pdf

    Mokwele, R., & Strydom, H. (2017). The challenges and perceptions of community caregivers with regard to antiretroviral treatment adherence of patients: a phenomenological study. Social Work, 53(1), 26-44.

    Mwesigwa, D., Acanga, A., Chono, O. A., & Oboi, A. (2023). Firming non-political actors to enhance the quality of urban service delivery. A review on the City Development Forums in Uganda.

    Mwesigwa, D., Bogere, M., & Ogwal, J. B. (2022). Local citizen participation in Uganda: Examining the political, administrative and financial aspects in Hoima district. Journal of Governance and Accountability Studies, 2(1), 49-63.

    Nyoni, T., Sallah, Y. H., Okumu, M., Byansi, W., Lipsey, K., & Small, E. (2020). The effectiveness of treatment supporter interventions in antiretroviral treatment adherence in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-Analysis. AIDS care, 32(sup2), 214-227.

    Osafo, J., Knizek, B. L., Mugisha, J., & Kinyanda, E. (2017). The experiences of caregivers of children living with HIV and AIDS in Uganda: a qualitative study. Globalization and health, 13(1), 1-13.

    Pokhrel, K. N., Sharma, V. D., Pokhrel, K. G., Neupane, S. R., Mlunde, L. B., Poudel, K. C., & Jimba, M. (2018). Investigating the impact of a community home-based care on mental health and anti-retroviral therapy adherence in people living with HIV in Nepal: a community intervention study. BMC infectious diseases, 18(1), 1-9.

    Preston, R., Waugh, H., Larkins, S., & Taylor, J. (2010). Community participation in rural primary health care: intervention or approach? Australian journal of primary health, 16(1), 4-16.

    Radbruch, L., De Lima, L., Knaul, F., Wenk, R., Ali, Z., Bhatnaghar, S., . . . Burla, C. (2020). Redefining palliative care—a new consensus-based definition. Journal of pain and symptom management, 60(4), 754-764.

    Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2009). Research methods for business students, 2009. England: Pearson Education Limited.

    Suleiman, I. A., & Momo, A. (2016). Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and its determinants among persons living with HIV/AIDS in Bayelsa state, Nigeria. Pharmacy Practice (Granada), 14(1), 0-0.

    Tafuma, T. A., Mahachi, N., Dziwa, C., Moga, T., Baloyi, P., Muyambo, G., . . . Murungu, J. (2018). Barriers to HIV service utilisation by people living with HIV in two provinces of Zimbabwe: Results from 2016 baseline assessment. Southern African journal of HIV medicine, 19(1).

    UAC. (2022). ANNUAL JOINT AIDS REVIEW REPORT FY 2021/22. Retrieved from https://uac.go.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=55:hiv-prevention-29&catid=8&Itemid=101

    Willis, N., Milanzi, A., Mawodzeke, M., Dziwa, C., Armstrong, A., Yekeye, I., . . . James, V. (2019). Effectiveness of community adolescent treatment supporters (CATS) interventions in improving linkage and retention in care, adherence to ART and psychosocial well-being: a randomised trial among adolescents living with HIV in rural Zimbabwe. BMC public health, 19(1), 1-9.

    Wood, E. M., Zani, B., Esterhuizen, T. M., & Young, T. (2018). Nurse led home-based care for people with HIV/AIDS. BMC health services research, 18(1), 1-13.

    Wringe, A., Cataldo, F., Stevenson, N., & Fakoya, A. (2010). Delivering comprehensive home-based care programmes for HIV: a review of lessons learned and challenges ahead in the era of antiretroviral therapy. Health policy and planning, 25(5), 352-362.

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  2. Adula, M., Kant, S., & Birbirsa, Z. A. (2022). Systematic Literature Review on Human Resource Management Effect on Organization Performance. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 2(2), 131-146.
  3. Al-Mahrezi, A., & Al-Mandhari, Z. (2016). Palliative care: time for action. Oman medical journal, 31(3), 161.
  4. Ammon, N., Mason, S., & Corkery, J. (2018). Factors impacting antiretroviral therapy adherence among human immunodeficiency virus–positive adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. Public health, 157, 20-31.
  5. Areri, H. A. (2019). Palliative Care in HIV AND AIDS.
  6. Bourdieu, P. (1986). The Forms of Capital? in Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, ed. by JG Richardson, Greenwood Press, New York.
  7. Buss, M. K., Rock, L. K., & McCarthy, E. P. (2017). Understanding palliative care and hospice: a review for primary care providers. Paper presented at the Mayo Clinic Proceedings.
  8. Byrd, K. K., Hou, J. G., Hazen, R., Kirkham, H., Suzuki, S., Clay, P. G., . . . Delpino, A. (2019). Antiretroviral adherence level necessary for HIV viral suppression using real-world data. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 82(3), 245.
  9. Chime, O. H., Arinze-Onyia, S. U., & Obionu, C. N. (2018). Do peer support groups have an effect on medication adherence? A study among people living with HIV/AIDS in Enugu State, Nigeria. Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare, 27(4), 256-264.
  10. Cresswell, K. M., Sadler, S., Rodgers, S., Avery, A., Cantrill, J., Murray, S. A., & Sheikh, A. (2012). An embedded longitudinal multi-faceted qualitative evaluation of a complex cluster randomized controlled trial aiming to reduce clinically important errors in medicines management in general practice. Trials, 13(1), 1-13.
  11. Derose, K. P., Payán, D. D., Fulcar, M. A., Terrero, S., Acevedo, R., Farías, H., & Palar, K. (2017). Factors contributing to food insecurity among women living with HIV in the Dominican Republic: A qualitative study. PloS one, 12(7), e0181568.
  12. Dewi, F. G. (2022). Mutations of position and performance of local government public officers: An experimental study. Journal of Governance and Accountability Studies, 2(2), 93-105.
  13. Florin, J., Lubatkin, M., & Schulze, W. (2003). A social capital model of high-growth ventures. Academy of Management Journal, 46(3), 374-384.
  14. Halima, M. S., Patricia, A. A., Lisa, L. P., & Asabe, A. M. (2016). Pattern of home-based care in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients attending adult antiretroviral therapy clinic of Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria: A review from September, 2008 to December, 2013. Journal of AIDS and HIV Research, 8(5), 50-59.
  15. Hodgson, I., Nakiyemba, A., Seeley, J., Bitira, D., & Gitau-Mburu, D. (2012). Only connect–the role of PLHIV group networks in increasing the effectiveness of Ugandan HIV services. AIDS care, 24(11), 1368-1374.
  16. Iacono, S. L., & Allen, E. (2011). The cooperative model for the delivery of home based care services for people living with HIV. Geneva: International Labour Organization.
  17. Iezzoni, L. I., Gallopyn, N., & Scales, K. (2019). Historical mismatch between home-based care policies and laws governing home care workers. Health Affairs, 38(6), 973-980.
  18. Isabirye, R., Puleh, S. S., Opii, D. J., Opio-Ekit, S., Lokiru, L., Isoke, R., . . . Obua, C. (2021). Barriers and Facilitators of Art Adherence Among Hiv Positive Patients in Community Client-led Art Delivery Groups at Lira Regional Referral Hospital.
  19. Jack, B. A., Kirton, J., Birakurataki, J., & Merriman, A. (2011). ‘A bridge to the hospice’: the impact of a Community Volunteer Programme in Uganda. Palliative Medicine, 25(7), 706-715.
  20. Jobarteh, K., Shiraishi, R. W., Malimane, I., Samo Gudo, P., Decroo, T., Auld, A. F., . . . Couto, A. (2016). Community ART support groups in Mozambique: the potential of patients as partners in care. PloS one, 11(12), e0166444.
  21. Kave, S., Khuzwayo, N. F., Hatcher, A., & Sikweyiya, Y. (2019). The role of support groups in linking and retaining newly diagnosed clients in HIV care in a peri-urban location in South Africa. African Journal of AIDS Research, 18(1), 9-17.
  22. Kothari, A., MacLean, L., Edwards, N., & Hobbs, A. (2011). Indicators at the interface: managing policymaker-researcher collaboration. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 9, 203-214.
  23. Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610.
  24. Larki, M., & Roudsari, R. L. (2020). Home-based care, the missing link in caring of patients living with HIV/AIDS and their family members: a narrative review. International Journal of Community Based Nursing and Midwifery, 8(3), 190.
  25. Latunusa, P. M., Timuneno, T., & Fanggidae, R. E. (2023). The effect of multiple role conflict and work stress on the performance of women nurses during the covid-19 with coping stress as intervening variables (Study at SoE Regional General Hospital). Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic and Practice Studies, 1(1), 53-67.
  26. MacRae, M. C., Fazal, O., & O'Donovan, J. (2020). Community health workers in palliative care provision in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review of the literature. BMJ Global Health, 5(5), e002368.
  27. Malale, K. (2011). Home Based Care for People Living with HIV/AIDS; Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Family Care Givers at Ukonga Ward in Ilala District. Dar Es Salaam Medical Students' Journal, 18(1), 23-31.
  28. Massavon, W., Mugenyi, L., Nsubuga, M., Lundin, R., Penazzato, M., Nannyonga, M., . . . Kironde, S. (2014). Nsambya community Home-Based Care complements national HIV and TB management efforts and contributes to health systems strengthening in Uganda: an observational study. International Scholarly Research Notices.
  29. Mburu, G., Oxenham, D., Hodgson, I., Nakiyemba, A., Seeley, J., & Bermejo, A. (2013). Community systems strengthening for HIV care: experiences from Uganda. Journal of social work in end-of-life & palliative care, 9(4), 343-368.
  30. MoH. (2010). The Second National Health Policy: Promoting People's Health to Enhance Socio-economic Development. Retrieved from http://library.health.go.ug/sites/default/files/resources/Second%20National%20Health%20Policy%202010.pdf
  31. Mokwele, R., & Strydom, H. (2017). The challenges and perceptions of community caregivers with regard to antiretroviral treatment adherence of patients: a phenomenological study. Social Work, 53(1), 26-44.
  32. Mwesigwa, D., Acanga, A., Chono, O. A., & Oboi, A. (2023). Firming non-political actors to enhance the quality of urban service delivery. A review on the City Development Forums in Uganda.
  33. Mwesigwa, D., Bogere, M., & Ogwal, J. B. (2022). Local citizen participation in Uganda: Examining the political, administrative and financial aspects in Hoima district. Journal of Governance and Accountability Studies, 2(1), 49-63.
  34. Nyoni, T., Sallah, Y. H., Okumu, M., Byansi, W., Lipsey, K., & Small, E. (2020). The effectiveness of treatment supporter interventions in antiretroviral treatment adherence in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-Analysis. AIDS care, 32(sup2), 214-227.
  35. Osafo, J., Knizek, B. L., Mugisha, J., & Kinyanda, E. (2017). The experiences of caregivers of children living with HIV and AIDS in Uganda: a qualitative study. Globalization and health, 13(1), 1-13.
  36. Pokhrel, K. N., Sharma, V. D., Pokhrel, K. G., Neupane, S. R., Mlunde, L. B., Poudel, K. C., & Jimba, M. (2018). Investigating the impact of a community home-based care on mental health and anti-retroviral therapy adherence in people living with HIV in Nepal: a community intervention study. BMC infectious diseases, 18(1), 1-9.
  37. Preston, R., Waugh, H., Larkins, S., & Taylor, J. (2010). Community participation in rural primary health care: intervention or approach? Australian journal of primary health, 16(1), 4-16.
  38. Radbruch, L., De Lima, L., Knaul, F., Wenk, R., Ali, Z., Bhatnaghar, S., . . . Burla, C. (2020). Redefining palliative care—a new consensus-based definition. Journal of pain and symptom management, 60(4), 754-764.
  39. Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2009). Research methods for business students, 2009. England: Pearson Education Limited.
  40. Suleiman, I. A., & Momo, A. (2016). Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and its determinants among persons living with HIV/AIDS in Bayelsa state, Nigeria. Pharmacy Practice (Granada), 14(1), 0-0.
  41. Tafuma, T. A., Mahachi, N., Dziwa, C., Moga, T., Baloyi, P., Muyambo, G., . . . Murungu, J. (2018). Barriers to HIV service utilisation by people living with HIV in two provinces of Zimbabwe: Results from 2016 baseline assessment. Southern African journal of HIV medicine, 19(1).
  42. UAC. (2022). ANNUAL JOINT AIDS REVIEW REPORT FY 2021/22. Retrieved from https://uac.go.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=55:hiv-prevention-29&catid=8&Itemid=101
  43. Willis, N., Milanzi, A., Mawodzeke, M., Dziwa, C., Armstrong, A., Yekeye, I., . . . James, V. (2019). Effectiveness of community adolescent treatment supporters (CATS) interventions in improving linkage and retention in care, adherence to ART and psychosocial well-being: a randomised trial among adolescents living with HIV in rural Zimbabwe. BMC public health, 19(1), 1-9.
  44. Wood, E. M., Zani, B., Esterhuizen, T. M., & Young, T. (2018). Nurse led home-based care for people with HIV/AIDS. BMC health services research, 18(1), 1-13.
  45. Wringe, A., Cataldo, F., Stevenson, N., & Fakoya, A. (2010). Delivering comprehensive home-based care programmes for HIV: a review of lessons learned and challenges ahead in the era of antiretroviral therapy. Health policy and planning, 25(5), 352-362.