AMBuS

Article Details

Vol. 1 No. 4 (2026): August

Health Insurance Allowance, Motivation, and Discipline Effects on Non-Medical Staff Performance

https://doi.org/10.35912/ambus.v1i4.4388

Abstract

Purpose: This study examines the effect of the national health insurance allowance (BPJS Kesehatan), work motivation, and work discipline on the performance of non-medical staff at the Paray Community Health Center in Biak Kota District, Biak Numfor Regency, individually and jointly.

Research Methodology: Using a quantitative approach, questionnaires were distributed to the population of 60 non-medical staff, yielding 46 usable responses. Data were analyzed with multiple linear regression estimated through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling in SmartPLS 4, following validity, reliability, and classical assumption testing, with hypotheses tested through the partial (t) and simultaneous (F) tests and the coefficient of determination.

Results: Work motivation had a positive and significant effect on non-medical staff performance, while the health insurance allowance and work discipline each showed a positive but not statistically significant partial effect; jointly, the three variables had a positive and significant effect on performance, explaining a very large share of its variation.

Conclusions: Staff performance at the health center depends primarily on motivation, with the insurance allowance and discipline functioning as necessary but not individually sufficient supporting conditions.

Limitations: The single-site sample, the modest response rate, and the cross-sectional design restrict how far the findings can be generalized.

Contributions: The study extends motivation and social-insurance theory to a non-medical primary healthcare workforce in a remote Papuan district and offers practical guidance for health center management.

Keywords

Health Insurance Allowance Non-Medical Staff Performance Work Discipline Work Motivation

How to Cite

Publishing, G., Jamlean, S. N., Iek, M., & Urip, T. P. (2026). Health Insurance Allowance, Motivation, and Discipline Effects on Non-Medical Staff Performance. Advances in Management and Business Studies, 1(4), 299–244. https://doi.org/10.35912/ambus.v1i4.4388

Download Citation

Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

References

  1. Acharya, A., Vellakkal, S., Kalita, S., Taylor, F., Masset, E., Satija, A., Burke, M., & Ebrahim, S. (2020). The impact of health insurance schemes for the informal sector in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review. World Development, 134, 105021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105021
  2. Adi Jaya, U., Sugiarto, Y., & Pebriana Gumilar, M. F. (2022). The role of organizational culture in moderating the effect of work discipline on employee performance. Journal Sampurasun: Interdisciplinary Studies for Cultural Heritage, 8(1-2), 313-323. https://doi.org/10.23969/sampurasun.v8i02.5425
  3. Agustina, R., Dartanto, T., Sitompul, R., Susiloretni, K. A., Suparmi, Achadi, E. L., Taher, A., Wirawan, F., Sungkar, S., Sudarmono, P., Shankar, A. H., & Indonesia Health Systems Group. (2020). Universal health coverage in Indonesia: Concept, progress, and challenges. The Lancet, 395(10219), 75-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30301-1
  4. Agustriani, R., Ratnasari, S. L., & Zamora, R. (2022). Pengaruh disiplin kerja, komunikasi, motivasi kerja, dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan. Jurnal Trias Politika, 6(1), 104-122. https://doi.org/10.33373/jtp.v6i1.3930
  5. Ali, I. Y., & Simamora, R. (2022). Effect of work discipline and work motivation on employee performance. Almana: Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, 6(1), 124-135. https://doi.org/10.36555/almana.v6i1.1785
  6. Ampong, I. (2024). Assessing the effect of employee welfare and compensation on organizational performance: A case of Sahel Sahara Bank Ghana limited. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2315690. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2315690
  7. Cecarrio, D. P., Sucipto, R. H., & Annisa, T. I. (2025). Pengaruh disiplin kerja dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Sinarmulia Sukses Makmur. Jurnal Manajemen dan Administrasi Antartika, 2(4), 264-272. https://doi.org/10.70052/juma.v2i4.908
  8. Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2023). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (6th ed.).
  9. Dewi, S. A., Widiartanto, W., & Listyorini, S. (2022). Pengaruh kompensasi dan work life balance terhadap kinerja karyawan melalui kepuasan kerja sebagai variabel intervening. Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis, 11(4), 830-838. https://doi.org/10.14710/jiab.2022.36016
  10. Dunan, H., & Sari, S. Y. (2023). Pengaruh tunjangan kinerja dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai di Kantor Kecamatan Panjang Kota Bandar Lampung. Jurnal EMT KITA, 7(2), 530-537. https://doi.org/10.35870/emt.v7i2.1178
  11. Gajayana, D. O., Priyanto, E. D., Wahyono, G. B., & Handhajani, S. B. P. (2022). Does work motivation and work discipline affect employee performance during Covid-19? Economics, Business, Accounting & Society Review, 1(2), 104–111. https://doi.org/10.55980/ebasr.v1i2.11
  12. Handoko, S. D., Wibowo, N. M., & Hartati, C. S. (2021). Analisis pengaruh lingkungan kerja, kepemimpinan dan kompensasi terhadap kinerja pegawai melalui kepuasan kerja. Jurnal Ema, 6(1), 17-26. https://doi.org/10.47335/ema.v6i1.61
  13. Harry, M., Zein, M., Muhtarom, M., Mulyadi, M., & Septiani, S. (2024). Examining the role of local government's financial performance and capital expenditure in increasing economic growth in Banten Province, Indonesia (2018-2022). Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(10), 456. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17100456
  14. Hasibuan, M. S. P. (2019). Manajemen sumber daya manusia (Rev. ed.). Bumi Aksara.
  15. Ichsan, I., & Zurrahmi, A. (2022). The influence of local original revenue (PAD) and balancing funds on economic growth in all provinces of Indonesia. Jurnal Aplikasi Ilmu Ekonomi, 1(1), 49-58. https://doi.org/10.29103/jaie.v1i1.8897
  16. Ihensekien, O. A., & Joel, A. C. (2023). Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Frederick Herzberg's two-factor motivation theories: Implications for organizational performance. Romanian Economic Journal, 26(85), 31-48. https://doi.org/10.24818/rej/2023/85/04
  17. Illahi, M. R., & Adiwaty, M. R. (2024). The effect of work motivation and work discipline on the performance of employees of the operational division at PT Sucofindo Kalibutuh Surabaya. Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics, 8(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.31538/iijs e.v8i1.5587
  18. Irawati, L., Nariawati, U., Affandi, A., Priadana, S., & Erlangga, H. (2022). The influence of work motivation and work discipline on the performance of non-medical and medical support employees. International Journal of Education, Information Technology, and Others, 5(2), 244-253. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6427117
  19. Kelibulin, E. S., Palutturi, S., Arifin, M. A., Indar, Thamrin, Y., Stang, & Rahmadani, S. (2020). The effect of work discipline on employee performance: The health office case study of Tanimbar Island. Medico-Legal Update, 20(3), 943-947.
  20. Kooij, D. T. A. M., Kanfer, R., Betts, M., & Rudolph, C. W. (2022). Future time perspective: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 107(8), 1361-1388. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000990
  21. Kudratul Alam, I., & Sarpan, S. (2024). Pengaruh kompensasi, disiplin kerja dan lingkungan kerja terhadap produktivitas kerja karyawan pada PT. Lion Wings. Ikraith-Ekonomika, 7(2), 261-267. https://doi.org/10.37817/ikraith-ekonomika.v7i2.3355
  22. Kurniawan, P., Sunarsi, D., & Solihin, D. (2022). The effect of work motivation and work discipline on employee performance at the Health Department of Tangerang Selatan City (Report No. 5).
  23. Kwon, S., & Kim, E. (2021). Universal health coverage and social protection: Lessons from health financing reforms. Health Policy, 125(7), 875-881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2021.05.005
  24. Maharani, M., & Rinova, D. (2026). Analysis of work motivation, work discipline, and compensation on employee performance: Case study PT. Akbar Jaya Development & Engineering Consultant in Bandar Lampung. The Eastasouth Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 3(3), 580-592. https://doi.org/10.58812/esssh.v3i03.1066
  25. Mangkunegara, A. P. (2017). Manajemen sumber daya manusia perusahaan (14th ed.).
  26. Margie, N., Artati, N. E., Rusmawati, A., & Sugiyarti, G. (2023). The influence of career development and compensation through motivation on the performance of healthcare workers in Buaran and Kedungwuni Sub-district Community Health Center. Saudi Journal of Economics and Finance, 7(11), 561-569. https://doi.org/10.36348/sjef.2023.v07i11.011
  27. Medina-Garrido, J. A., Biedma-Ferrer, J. M., & Ramos-Rodriguez, A. R. (2024). Relationship between work-family balance, employee well-being and job performance. Journal of Business Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114123
  28. Mladovsky, P., Rechel, B., Ingleby, D., & McKee, M. (2021). Responding to the challenge of health inequalities through social protection and health systems. European Journal of Public Health, 31(Suppl 4), iv16–iv22. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckab164
  29. Muratin. (2022). The effect of work motivation and discipline on employee performance in Associations Indonesian Hypertension Doctor (PERHI) Jakarta. International Journal of Education, Information Technology, and Others, 5(4), 16-24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6965 163
  30. Natasya, R., Harini, S., & Maulana, L. H. (2024). The influence of work discipline, organizational commitment and motivation on employee performance. International Journal of Management and Business Intelligence, 2(4), 319-330. https://doi.org/10.59890/ijmbi.v2i4.2397
  31. Nguyen, T. H., Nguyen, H. T., & Nguyen, T. M. (2021). Employee benefits, organizational support, and employee performance: The mediating role of job satisfaction. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(5), 1057-1067. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no5.1057
  32. Opoku Asuming, P., Kim, H. B., & Sim, A. (2021). Selection and behavioral responses of health insurance subsidies in the long run: Evidence from a field experiment in Ghana. Journal of Health Economics, 80, 102555.
  33. Pratama, A., & Pinasthika, L. A. (2021). The influence of work discipline and compensation to the employee performance: A case study of PT Temasindo Intipratama, South Jakarta. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research, 5(3), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.35808/ijeba/199
  34. Puspitasari, Y., Malik, N., & Yuliati, U. (2022). The effect of work motivation and work discipline on employee performance through work procedures as intervening variables. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan, 2(2), 83-94. https://doi.org/10.22219/jamanika.v2i02.22041
  35. Rahmawati, T., Partha, M. N., & Piar, C. S. (2022). Pengaruh kompensasi terhadap produktivitas kerja karyawan pada PT. Asuransi Cakrawala Proteksi tahun 2022. Educational Studies: Conference Series, 2(1), 186-192. https://doi.org/10.30872/escs.v2i1.1212
  36. Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2020). Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(7), 698-714. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000424
  37. Rifqi, M., Fajarianto, O., & Thamrin, H. (2023). Recommendations for occupational safety and health (K3) as a means in increasing employee performance productivity. IJESS International Journal of Education and Social Science, 4(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.56371/ijess.v4i1.145
  38. Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2020). Organizational behavior (18th ed.).
  39. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61, 101860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101860
  40. Sari, R., Prasetyo, A., & Nugroho, R. (2023). Employee welfare and organizational commitment in public sector organizations. Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 13(2), 120-135.
  41. Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2020). Research methods for business: A skill-building approach (8th ed.). Sinambela, L. P. (2018). Manajemen sumber daya manusia: Membangun tim kerja yang solid untuk meningkatkan kinerja (2nd ed.).
  42. Sugiyono. (2022). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
  43. Suryani, S., Rahwana, K. A., & Sutrisna, A. (2022). The effect of motivation and work discipline on performance of Tasikmalaya Branch Post Office employees. Journal of Indonesian Management, 2(3), 647-654. https://doi.org/10.53697/jim.v2i3.915
  44. Van den Broeck, A., Howard, J. L., Van Vaerenbergh, Y., Leroy, H., & Gagné, M. (2021). Beyond intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: A meta-analysis on self-determination theory’s multidimensional conceptualization of work motivation. Organizational Psychology Review, 11(3), 240-273. https://doi.org/10.1177/20413866211006173
  45. Zaahidah, A., Susita, D., & Usman, O. (2022). The influence of work discipline on employee performance with motivation and job satisfaction as intervening variables. Devotion: Journal of Research and Community Service, 3(14), 2726-2735. https://doi.org/10.36418/dev.v3i14.332

Authors

1 Goodwood Publishing
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5080-5032
2 Sylvia N. Jamlean
Universitas Cenderawasih, Papua, Indonesia
3 Mesak Iek
Universitas Cenderawasih, Papua, Indonesia
4 Transna Putra Urip
Universitas Cenderawasih, Papua, Indonesia

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Downloads

View PDF

Statistics

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Issue

Vol. 1 No. 4 (2026): August
Section: Articles
WhatsApp Instagram Facebook LinkedIn Email