Leadership, proactive behavior and innovative work behaviors of teachers in Barkin-Ladi

https://doi.org/10.35912/amor.v6i1.1867
Published: Aug 9, 2024

Abstract:

Purpose: This study examines the effects of leadership styles and proactive behavior on the innovative work behaviors of private school teachers in Barkin, Ladi, and Plateau states.

Research Methodology: The study drew a sample of private schoolteachers in Barkin-ladi using a quota sampling technique. The sample numbered 201, being male (82) and female (119), between the ages of 15 and 64 years, with different levels of educational qualification. The scales deployed in measuring innovative work behaviour, proactive behavior, and leadership styles were already standardized scales that were designed to measure the constructs in school settings.

Results: The study found that the sampled teachers exhibited all leadership styles: transformational, transactional, and laissez. Leadership styles and proactive work behavior had a significant effect on teachers’ innovative work behaviors. There was no significant interaction effect between leadership style and proactive work behavior on innovative work behavior.

Limitations: The sample size of this study was limited because the actual population was uncertain.

Contribution: This study shows that transformational and transactional leadership styles, as well as proactive work behaviors, are important to provoke teachers’ innovative work behaviors in private schools in Barkin-ladi.

Novelty: The study has been able to show the teacher plays the role of the leader in the class and his innovative teaching behaviour is provoked by proactive behaviours and transformational/transactional leadership styles.

Keywords:
1. Innovative work behaviours
2. proactive work behaviours
3. leadership styles
Authors:
Kim Dawang Dung
University of Jos Nigeria, Nigeria
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How to Cite
Dung, K. D. (2024). Leadership, proactive behavior and innovative work behaviors of teachers in Barkin-Ladi. Annals of Management and Organization Research, 6(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.35912/amor.v6i1.1867
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Issue & Section
Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024): August
Articles
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

References

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    Armstrong, M. (2012). Armstrong's handbook of management and leadership: developing effective people skills for better leadership and management: Kogan Page Publishers.

    Bateman, T. S., & Crant, J. M. (1993). The proactive component of organizational behavior: A measure and correlates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14(2), 103-118.

    Bhattacherjee, A. (2012). Social science research: Principles, methods, and practices: USA.

    Bruni, E., Cortellazzo, L., Bonesso, S., & Gerli, F. (2018). Leadership Styles Scale: Conceptualization and Initial Validation. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3214162

    Carmeli, A., Meitar, R., & Weisberg, J. (2006). Self?leadership skills and innovative behavior at work. International journal of manpower.

    Crant, J. M. (2000). Proactive Behavior in Organizations. Journal of management, 26(3), 435-462.

    De Spiegelaere, S., Van Gyes, G., Benders, J., & Hootegem, G. V. (2015). The ‘New World of Work’and Innovative Employee Behaviour: A Quantitative Analysis. De Spiegelaere, S., Van Gyes, G., Benders, J., Van Hootegem, G.,(2015) The ‘New world of Work’and innovative employee behaviour: a quantitative analysis. Travail Emploi Formation (13), 140-155.

    Derue, D. S., Nahrgang, J. D., Wellman, N. E., & Humphrey, S. E. (2011). Trait and behavioral theories of leadership: An integration and meta?analytic test of their relative validity. Personnel psychology, 64(1), 7-52.

    Dussault, M., Frenette, É., & Fernet, C. (2013). Leadership: Validation of a self-report scale. Psychological reports, 112(2), 419-436.

    Frese, M., Fay, D., Hilburger, T., Leng, K., & Tag, A. (1997). The concept of personal initiative: Operationalization, reliability and validity in two German samples. Journal of Occupational and organizational Psychology, 70(2), 139-161.

    Gemeda, H. K., & Lee, J. (2020). Leadership styles, work engagement and outcomes among information and communications technology professionals: A cross-national study. Heliyon, 6(4).

    Gkontelos, A., Vaiopoulou, J., & Stamovlasis, D. (2022). Teachers’ innovative work behavior scale: psychometric properties of the Greek version and measurement invariance across genders. Social Sciences, 11(7), 306.

    Gultom, L., Suroso, G., & Gasjirin, J. (2022). The Influence Of Proactive Behavior And Psychological Empowerment On Innovative Work Behavior: Moderating Role Of Job Characteristic. Journal of World Science, 1(9), 674-682.

    Javed, A., Hassan, D. A., & Arshad, T. (2021). Influence of transformational leadership on proactive work behavior: the mediating role of psychological empowerment. Governance and Management Review, 4(1).

    Khan, N. A. (2021). Determinants of proactive work behavior of employees during the COVID-19 crisis: A perspective on toxic leadership in the virtual work setting. European Journal of Psychology Open, 80(1-2), 77.

    Li, W., Gill, S. A., Wang, Y., Safdar, M. A., & Sheikh, M. R. (2022). Proactive Personality and Innovative Work Behavior: Through the Juxtapose of Schumpeter's Theory of Innovation and Broaden-And-Build Theory. Frontiers in psychology, 13, 927458.

    Majid, S.A., Endri, E., Zakaria, M., Setiawan, E.B., & Kamar, K. (2024). The impact of shipmaster leadership style and ship logistics management on ship crews performance: implications for tanker ship operational performance. Jurnal AplikasiBisnis dan Manajemen, 10(1), 18

    Messmann, G., & Mulder, R. H. (2012). Development of a measurement instrument for innovative work behaviour as a dynamic and context-bound construct. Human Resource Development International, 15(1), 43-59.

    Mostafa, S. A.-M. (2023). Effect of Humble Leadership on Staff Nurses’ Proactive and Innovative Work Behaviors. Tanta Scientific Nursing Journal, 32(4), 157-170.

    Murniasih, F. (2023). Role of Proactive Personality on Transformational Leadership and Innovative Work Behavior.

    Nurjaman, K., Marta, M. S., Eliyana, A., Kurniasari, D., & Kurniasari, D. (2019). Proactive work behavior and innovative work behavior: Moderating effect of job characteristics. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 7(6), 373-379.

    Oladipo, K., Jamilah, O., Abduldaud, S., Jeffery, L., & Salami, D. (2013). Review of leadership theories and Organizational performances. International Business Management Journal, 7(1), 50-54.

    Peerzadah, S. A., & Mufti, S. (2023). TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND INNOVATIVE WORK BEHAVIOR AMONG R&D PROFESSIONALS OF INDIA: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION. EPRA International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Studies (EBMS), 10(5), 69-78.

    Riyanto, S., Endri, E., & Hamid, A. (2021). The influence of transformational leadership and the work environment on employee performance: mediating role of discipline. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 27(6), 1-11

    Ryan, J. C., & Tipu, S. A. (2013). Leadership effects on innovation propensity: A two-factor full range leadership model. Journal of Business Research, 66(10), 2116-2129.

    Salessi, S., & Etchevers, M. R. (2020). Innovative Work Behavior: Development and Validation of a Scale for Teachers. Acta de investigación psicológica, 10(3), 112-123.

    Schleicher, A. (2012). Preparing teachers and developing school leaders for the 21st century: Lessons from around the world: ERIC.

    Schmitt, A., Den Hartog, D. N., & Belschak, F. D. (2016). Transformational leadership and proactive work behaviour: A moderated mediation model including work engagement and job strain. Journal of Occupational and organizational Psychology, 89(3), 588-610.

    Thahira, A., Tjahjono, H. K., & Susanto, S. (2020). The Influence of Transactional Leadership on Organization Innovativeness (OI) Mediated by Organizational Learning Capability (OLC) in Medium Small Enterprise Kendari City. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 11(1).

    Trifiletti, E., Capozza, D., Pasin, A., & Falvo, R. (2009). A validation of the proactive personality scale. Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 16(2), 77-93.

    Trottier, T., Van Wart, M., & Wang, X. (2008). Examining the nature and significance of leadership in government organizations. Public Administration Review, 68(2), 319-333.

    Urbach, T., & Weigelt, O. (2019). Time pressure and proactive work behaviour: A week?level study on intraindividual fluctuations and reciprocal relationships. Journal of Occupational and organizational Psychology, 92(4), 931-952.

    Van Dierendonck, D., & Nuijten, I. (2011). The servant leadership survey: Development and validation of a multidimensional measure. Journal of Business and Psychology, 26, 249-267.

    Yang, Y., Li, Z., Liang, L., & Zhang, X. (2021). Why and when paradoxical leader behavior impact employee creativity: Thriving at work and psychological safety. Current Psychology, 40, 1911-1922.

    Yukl, G. (2012). Effective leadership behavior: What we know and what questions need more attention. Academy of management perspectives, 26(4), 66-85.

  1. Armsrong, M. (2012). Armstrong’s handbook of human resource management practice 12th edition: UK Ashford Colur Press.
  2. Armstrong, M. (2012). Armstrong's handbook of management and leadership: developing effective people skills for better leadership and management: Kogan Page Publishers.
  3. Bateman, T. S., & Crant, J. M. (1993). The proactive component of organizational behavior: A measure and correlates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14(2), 103-118.
  4. Bhattacherjee, A. (2012). Social science research: Principles, methods, and practices: USA.
  5. Bruni, E., Cortellazzo, L., Bonesso, S., & Gerli, F. (2018). Leadership Styles Scale: Conceptualization and Initial Validation. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3214162
  6. Carmeli, A., Meitar, R., & Weisberg, J. (2006). Self?leadership skills and innovative behavior at work. International journal of manpower.
  7. Crant, J. M. (2000). Proactive Behavior in Organizations. Journal of management, 26(3), 435-462.
  8. De Spiegelaere, S., Van Gyes, G., Benders, J., & Hootegem, G. V. (2015). The ‘New World of Work’and Innovative Employee Behaviour: A Quantitative Analysis. De Spiegelaere, S., Van Gyes, G., Benders, J., Van Hootegem, G.,(2015) The ‘New world of Work’and innovative employee behaviour: a quantitative analysis. Travail Emploi Formation (13), 140-155.
  9. Derue, D. S., Nahrgang, J. D., Wellman, N. E., & Humphrey, S. E. (2011). Trait and behavioral theories of leadership: An integration and meta?analytic test of their relative validity. Personnel psychology, 64(1), 7-52.
  10. Dussault, M., Frenette, É., & Fernet, C. (2013). Leadership: Validation of a self-report scale. Psychological reports, 112(2), 419-436.
  11. Frese, M., Fay, D., Hilburger, T., Leng, K., & Tag, A. (1997). The concept of personal initiative: Operationalization, reliability and validity in two German samples. Journal of Occupational and organizational Psychology, 70(2), 139-161.
  12. Gemeda, H. K., & Lee, J. (2020). Leadership styles, work engagement and outcomes among information and communications technology professionals: A cross-national study. Heliyon, 6(4).
  13. Gkontelos, A., Vaiopoulou, J., & Stamovlasis, D. (2022). Teachers’ innovative work behavior scale: psychometric properties of the Greek version and measurement invariance across genders. Social Sciences, 11(7), 306.
  14. Gultom, L., Suroso, G., & Gasjirin, J. (2022). The Influence Of Proactive Behavior And Psychological Empowerment On Innovative Work Behavior: Moderating Role Of Job Characteristic. Journal of World Science, 1(9), 674-682.
  15. Javed, A., Hassan, D. A., & Arshad, T. (2021). Influence of transformational leadership on proactive work behavior: the mediating role of psychological empowerment. Governance and Management Review, 4(1).
  16. Khan, N. A. (2021). Determinants of proactive work behavior of employees during the COVID-19 crisis: A perspective on toxic leadership in the virtual work setting. European Journal of Psychology Open, 80(1-2), 77.
  17. Li, W., Gill, S. A., Wang, Y., Safdar, M. A., & Sheikh, M. R. (2022). Proactive Personality and Innovative Work Behavior: Through the Juxtapose of Schumpeter's Theory of Innovation and Broaden-And-Build Theory. Frontiers in psychology, 13, 927458.
  18. Majid, S.A., Endri, E., Zakaria, M., Setiawan, E.B., & Kamar, K. (2024). The impact of shipmaster leadership style and ship logistics management on ship crews performance: implications for tanker ship operational performance. Jurnal AplikasiBisnis dan Manajemen, 10(1), 18
  19. Messmann, G., & Mulder, R. H. (2012). Development of a measurement instrument for innovative work behaviour as a dynamic and context-bound construct. Human Resource Development International, 15(1), 43-59.
  20. Mostafa, S. A.-M. (2023). Effect of Humble Leadership on Staff Nurses’ Proactive and Innovative Work Behaviors. Tanta Scientific Nursing Journal, 32(4), 157-170.
  21. Murniasih, F. (2023). Role of Proactive Personality on Transformational Leadership and Innovative Work Behavior.
  22. Nurjaman, K., Marta, M. S., Eliyana, A., Kurniasari, D., & Kurniasari, D. (2019). Proactive work behavior and innovative work behavior: Moderating effect of job characteristics. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 7(6), 373-379.
  23. Oladipo, K., Jamilah, O., Abduldaud, S., Jeffery, L., & Salami, D. (2013). Review of leadership theories and Organizational performances. International Business Management Journal, 7(1), 50-54.
  24. Peerzadah, S. A., & Mufti, S. (2023). TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND INNOVATIVE WORK BEHAVIOR AMONG R&D PROFESSIONALS OF INDIA: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION. EPRA International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Studies (EBMS), 10(5), 69-78.
  25. Riyanto, S., Endri, E., & Hamid, A. (2021). The influence of transformational leadership and the work environment on employee performance: mediating role of discipline. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 27(6), 1-11
  26. Ryan, J. C., & Tipu, S. A. (2013). Leadership effects on innovation propensity: A two-factor full range leadership model. Journal of Business Research, 66(10), 2116-2129.
  27. Salessi, S., & Etchevers, M. R. (2020). Innovative Work Behavior: Development and Validation of a Scale for Teachers. Acta de investigación psicológica, 10(3), 112-123.
  28. Schleicher, A. (2012). Preparing teachers and developing school leaders for the 21st century: Lessons from around the world: ERIC.
  29. Schmitt, A., Den Hartog, D. N., & Belschak, F. D. (2016). Transformational leadership and proactive work behaviour: A moderated mediation model including work engagement and job strain. Journal of Occupational and organizational Psychology, 89(3), 588-610.
  30. Thahira, A., Tjahjono, H. K., & Susanto, S. (2020). The Influence of Transactional Leadership on Organization Innovativeness (OI) Mediated by Organizational Learning Capability (OLC) in Medium Small Enterprise Kendari City. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 11(1).
  31. Trifiletti, E., Capozza, D., Pasin, A., & Falvo, R. (2009). A validation of the proactive personality scale. Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 16(2), 77-93.
  32. Trottier, T., Van Wart, M., & Wang, X. (2008). Examining the nature and significance of leadership in government organizations. Public Administration Review, 68(2), 319-333.
  33. Urbach, T., & Weigelt, O. (2019). Time pressure and proactive work behaviour: A week?level study on intraindividual fluctuations and reciprocal relationships. Journal of Occupational and organizational Psychology, 92(4), 931-952.
  34. Van Dierendonck, D., & Nuijten, I. (2011). The servant leadership survey: Development and validation of a multidimensional measure. Journal of Business and Psychology, 26, 249-267.
  35. Yang, Y., Li, Z., Liang, L., & Zhang, X. (2021). Why and when paradoxical leader behavior impact employee creativity: Thriving at work and psychological safety. Current Psychology, 40, 1911-1922.
  36. Yukl, G. (2012). Effective leadership behavior: What we know and what questions need more attention. Academy of management perspectives, 26(4), 66-85.