A correlational study on organizational culture and leadership style
Abstract:
Purpose: This study aimed to explore the relationship between organizational culture and leadership styles among Local Government Unit (LGU) departments in the municipality of Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte.
Research Methodology: Prior to data collection, the respondents were presented with a letter requesting their cooperation in completing the questionnaires. The researchers personally introduced themselves, explained the study objectives, and distributed questionnaires. After providing sufficient time for respondents to complete the questionnaires, they were collected.
Results: Results revealed that the independent variable, Organizational Culture, had a mean score of 4.45, which was interpreted as "very high," while the dependent variable, Leadership Style, had a mean score of 4.51, also categorized as "very high." Furthermore, the overall correlation coefficient (r-value) was 0.573, with a p-value of 0.001, leading to rejection of the null hypothesis. This indicates a significant and positive relationship between Organizational Culture and Leadership Style in the LGU departments of Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte. The findings suggest that a stronger organizational culture positively influences leadership style, with higher levels of culture leading to enhanced leadership behaviors.
Conclusions: Overall, the findings show that organizational culture and leadership style are both rated extremely high, with a significant and strong positive relationship between them, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis.
Limitations: This study is limited by its focus on a single municipality and the use of universal sampling, which may restrict the generalizability of the findings to other contexts or organizations.
Contribution: This study offers valuable insights into local government units and organizational development, highlighting the importance of fostering a strong organizational culture to enhance leadership practices and organizational success.
Downloads

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Akpoviroro, K. S., Kadiri, B., & Owotutu, S. O. (2018). Effect of participative leadership style on employee’s productivity. International Journal of Economic Behavior (IJEB), 8(1), 47-60. https://doi.org/10.14276/2285-0430.1927
Algifari, A., Subiyakto, H., & Rohman, I. Z. (2024). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the country's national economy: The Indonesian experience. Journal of Governance and Accountability Studies, 4(1), 61-70. https://doi.org/10.35912/jgas.v4i1.1550
Alshurideh, D. M. (2019). Do electronic loyalty programs still drive customer choice and repeat purchase behaviour? International Journal of Electronic Customer Relationship Management, 12(1), 40-57. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJECRM.2019.098980
Alshurideh, M., Gasaymeh, A., Ahmed, G., Alzoubi, H., & Kurd, B. (2020). Loyalty program effectiveness: Theoretical reviews and practical proofs. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 8(3), 599-612.
Alzoubi, H., & Inairat, M. (2020). Do perceived service value, quality, price fairness and service recovery shape customer satisfaction and delight? A practical study in the service telecommunication context. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 8(3), 579-588. 10.5267/j.uscm.2020.2.005
Asmara, I., Ansir, L., Hasmin, T., Ahmad, F., Aditya, H. P. K. P., & Aan, A. (2019). How digital technology driven millennial consumer behaviour in Indonesia. Journal of Distribution Science.
Ayd?n, B. (2018). The role of organizational culture on leadership styles. MANAS Sosyal Ara?t?rmalar Dergisi, 7(1), 267-280.
Babbie, E. R. (2020). The practice of social research: Cengage Au.
Bautista, M. P. J. T., & Uy, C. (2023). The effects of organizational culture and leadership style on organizational performance in times of COVID-19 pandemic. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 12(1), 175-194.
Carsten, M. K., Uhl-Bien, M., & Huang, L. (2018). Leader perceptions and motivation as outcomes of followership role orientation and behavior. Leadership, 14(6), 731-756. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715017720306
Coelho, F. J., Lages, C. R., & Sousa, C. M. (2018). Personality and the creativity of frontline service employees: linear and curvilinear effects. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 29(17), 2580-2607. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2016.1255982
Davidescu, A. A., Apostu, S.-A., Paul, A., & Casuneanu, I. (2020). Work flexibility, job satisfaction, and job performance among Romanian employees—Implications for sustainable human resource management. Sustainability, 12(15), 6086. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12156086
Dawson, M., Abbott, J., & Shoemaker, S. (2011). The hospitality culture scale: A measure organizational culture and personal attributes. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(2), 290-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2010.10.002
Doan, T. T. T., Nguyen, L. C. T., & Nguyen, T. D. N. (2020). Emotional intelligence and project success: The roles of transformational leadership and organizational commitment. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(3), 223-233. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no3.223
Grant, A. M. (2020). An integrated model of goal?focused coaching: an evidence?based framework for teaching and practice. Coaching researched: A coaching psychology reader, 115-139. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119656913.ch
Hayat Bhatti, M., Ju, Y., Akram, U., Hasnat Bhatti, M., Akram, Z., & Bilal, M. (2019). Impact of participative leadership on organizational citizenship behavior: Mediating role of trust and moderating role of continuance commitment: Evidence from the Pakistan hotel industry. Sustainability, 11(4), 1170. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11041170
Hermina, U. N. (2019). MARKETING STRATEGY TO INCREASE TOURIST VISITS ON NATURE TOURISM OF MEMPAWAH MANGROVE PARK IN THE PASIR VILLAGE OF MEMPAWAH REGENCY. Jurnal Terapan Manajemen dan Bisnis, 5(2), 51-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26737/jtmb.v5i2.1772
Hosseini, S. H., Hajipour, E., Kaffashpoor, A., & Darikandeh, A. (2020). The mediating effect of organizational culture in the relationship of leadership style with organizational learning. Journal of human Behavior in the social environment, 30(3), 279-288. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2019.1680473
Ilies, L., Salagean, H. C., & Beleiu, I. (2017). The impact of quality culture and leadership on customer relationship in organizations from the Romanian metal construction industry. Amfiteatru Economic, 19(11), 1050-1063.
Indarti, S., Fernandes, A. A. R., & Hakim, W. (2017). The effect of OCB in relationship between personality, organizational commitment and job satisfaction on performance. Journal of Management Development, 36(10), 1283-1293. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-11-2016-0250
Kurtessis, J. N., Eisenberger, R., Ford, M. T., Buffardi, L. C., Stewart, K. A., & Adis, C. S. (2017). Perceived organizational support: A meta-analytic evaluation of organizational support theory. Journal of management, 43(6), 1854-1884. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920631557555
Marx, T. G. (2015). The impact of business strategy on leadership. Journal of Strategy and Management, 8(2), 110-126. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSMA-06-2014-0042
Mayshak, R., Sharman, S. J., Zinkiewicz, L., & Hayley, A. (2017). The influence of empathy and self-presentation on engagement with social networking website posts. Computers in Human Behavior, 71, 362-377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.026
Naderi, N., & Jadidi, L. (2014). The Study of the effects between Leadership Style, Organization Culture, Employees Performance on Leadership Performance (Case: Government Hospitals in Isfahan). International Journal of academic research in business and social sciences, 4(12), 187. 10.6007/IJARBSS/v4-i12/1338
Nadler, D. A., & Nadler, M. B. (1998). Champions of change: How CEOs and their companies are mastering the skills of radical change: Jossey-Bass.
Naqshbandi, M. M., Tabche, I., & Choudhary, N. (2019). Managing open innovation: The roles of empowering leadership and employee involvement climate. Management Decision, 57(3), 703-723. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-07-2017-0660
Nguyen, H. M., Mai, L. T., & Huynh, T. L. (2019). The role of transformational leadership toward work performance through intrinsic motivation: A study in the pharmaceutical field in vietnam. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 6(4), 201-212. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2019.vol6.no4.201
Nughat, S. (2024). Self-censorship in using social media in Bangladesh: Does regime structure matter? Journal of Governance and Accountability Studies, 4(1), 43–59. https://doi.org/10.35912/jgas.v4i1.2284
Nur, Y. (2021). The influence of customer relationship management on customer satisfaction. Jurnal Economic Resource, 4(2).
Ogbonna, E., & Harris, L. C. (2000). Leadership style, organizational culture and performance: empirical evidence from UK companies. international Journal of human resource management, 11(4), 766-788. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190050075114
Ojiaku, O. C., Nkamnebe, A. D., & Nwaizugbo, I. C. (2018). Determinants of entrepreneurial intentions among young graduates: perspectives of push-pull-mooring model. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 8, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-018-0109-3
Paais, M., & Pattiruhu, J. R. (2020). Effect of motivation, leadership, and organizational culture on satisfaction and employee performance. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(8), 577-588. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no8.577
Pfeffer, J. (1998). The human equation: Building profits by putting people first. Harvard Business School.
Putri, A. M., Syamsu, S., & Triono, A. (2024). Policy to replace electronic card into population digital in South Lampung Regency. Journal of Governance and Accountability Studies, 4(1), 19-29. https://doi.org/10.35912/jgas.v4i1.1919
Restu, A., Gamayuni, R. R., & Yuliansyah, Y. (2024). Adopting an enterprise resource planning system in village government. Journal of Governance and Accountability Studies, 4(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.35912/jgas.v4i1.1906
Sarkum, S., & SYAMSURI, A. (2021). The role of marketing function for competitive advantage. Quality-Access to Success, 22(180).
Schein, E. H. (2004). Organizational Culture and Leadership: Wiley.
Stogdill, R. (1974). Handbook of leadership: A survey of theory and research: Free Press.
Sylvester, B. D., Curran, T., Standage, M., Sabiston, C. M., & Beauchamp, M. R. (2018). Predicting exercise motivation and exercise behavior: A moderated mediation model testing the interaction between perceived exercise variety and basic psychological needs satisfaction. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 36, 50-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.01.004
Turney, S. (2022). Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r) | Guide & Examples. Retrieved from https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/pearson-correlation-coefficient/
Viernes, M. Z., Binuya, C. P., Lanorio, M. S., & San Pedro, A. B. (2018). The Perceived Leadership Styles of Division Chiefs and Department Heads of the Local Government Unit of Cabanatuan City in the Philippines. Open Access Library Journal, 5(8), 1-13. doi: 10.4236/oalib.1104763
Yao, T., Qiu, Q., & Wei, Y. (2019). Retaining hotel employees as internal customers: Effect of organizational commitment on attitudinal and behavioral loyalty of employees. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 76, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.03.018
Yulianita, A., Subardin, S., & Zulfikri, Z. (2024). Government size and digital inequality in Indonesia. Journal of Governance and Accountability Studies, 4(1), 31-41. https://doi.org/10.35912/jgas.v4i1.1981
- Akpoviroro, K. S., Kadiri, B., & Owotutu, S. O. (2018). Effect of participative leadership style on employee’s productivity. International Journal of Economic Behavior (IJEB), 8(1), 47-60. https://doi.org/10.14276/2285-0430.1927
- Algifari, A., Subiyakto, H., & Rohman, I. Z. (2024). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the country's national economy: The Indonesian experience. Journal of Governance and Accountability Studies, 4(1), 61-70. https://doi.org/10.35912/jgas.v4i1.1550
- Alshurideh, D. M. (2019). Do electronic loyalty programs still drive customer choice and repeat purchase behaviour? International Journal of Electronic Customer Relationship Management, 12(1), 40-57. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJECRM.2019.098980
- Alshurideh, M., Gasaymeh, A., Ahmed, G., Alzoubi, H., & Kurd, B. (2020). Loyalty program effectiveness: Theoretical reviews and practical proofs. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 8(3), 599-612.
- Alzoubi, H., & Inairat, M. (2020). Do perceived service value, quality, price fairness and service recovery shape customer satisfaction and delight? A practical study in the service telecommunication context. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 8(3), 579-588. 10.5267/j.uscm.2020.2.005