Article Details
Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): February
The Role of TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) in Preparing Teachers for the Digital Age
Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to investigate the role of the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework in preparing pre-service teachers for effective teaching in digitally mediated classrooms.
Research Methodology: This study employed a mixed-methods approach in which quantitative data were collected through a structured questionnaire measuring technology integration self-efficacy among 238 pre-service teachers from three universities in North Central Nigeria, while qualitative data were obtained from reflective journals and focus group discussions to explore participants’ experiences and understanding of technology integration in teaching and learning.
Results: The findings show that TPACK-based coursework improves pre-service teachers’ confidence and understanding of integrating technology into teaching, especially through collaborative, reflective, and practical learning experiences.
Conclusions: The study concludes that the systematic integration of TPACK within teacher education curricula is essential. Combining technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge can better prepare future teachers to effectively teach in increasingly digital learning environments.
Limitations: The study is limited to three universities within one region (North Central Nigeria), which may restrict the generalizability of the findings. In addition, the data rely largely on self-reported measures, which may introduce subjective bias, and the study does not directly assess long-term classroom teaching practices.
Contributions: This study provides empirical evidence on the effectiveness of the TPACK framework and emphasizes the importance of integrating technology, pedagogy, and content knowledge to enhance pre-service teachers’ digital competence.
Keywords
How to Cite
Download Citation
References
- Agormedah, E. K., Henaku, E. A., Ayite, D. M. K., & Ansah, E. A. (2020). Online learning in higher education during COVID-19 pandemic: A case of Ghana. Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning, 3(3), 183-210. doi:https://doi.org/10.31681/jetol.726441
- Aisyah, I. A., Sumarno, S., & Isjoni, M. Y. R. (2024). The Relationship between the Use of Social Media and Creativity and the Sustainability of the Chili Cracker MSME Business in Dumai City. Journal of Education Technology Information Social Sciences and Health, 3(1), 578-584.
- Chai, C. S., Koh, J. H. L., & Tsai, C.-C. (2010). Facilitating preservice teachers' development of technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK). J. Educ. Technol. Soc., 13(4), 63-73.
- Chai, C. S., Koh, J. H. L., & Tsai, C.-C. (2013). A review of technological pedagogical content knowledge. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 16(2), 31-51.
- Chatterjee, P. (2025). Innovative disruption in financial technology and payment systems. International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management, 7(2), 289-301. doi:10.35912/ijfam.v7i2.3133
- Depaepe, F., Verschaffel, L., & Kelchtermans, G. (2013). Pedagogical content knowledge: A systematic review of the way in which the concept has pervaded mathematics educational research. Teaching and Teacher Education, 34, 12-25. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2013.03.001
- Fitriani, N. P., Nugroho, A. E. J. K., Samsiyah, I. F., Auliya Rizqi, F., Sugiyanto, & Kusbiarsi, A. (2025). THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL LEARNING TECHNOLOGY ON THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION IN INDONESIA: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW. SOSIOEDUKASI : JURNAL ILMIAH ILMU PENDIDIKAN DAN SOSIAL, 14(4), 3142-3154. doi:https://doi.org/10.36526/sosioedukasi.v14i4.6386
- Garrick, R., Villasmil, L., Dell, E., & Hart, R. (2013). Creating technology rich learning environments for the classroom. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/S2044-9968(2013)6_Part_E
- Grant, P., & Basye, D. (2014). Personalized learning: A guide for engaging students with technology: International Society for Technology in Education.
- Harris, J., Mishra, P., & Koehler, M. (2009). Teachers’ technological pedagogical content knowledge and learning activity types: Curriculum-based technology integration reframed. Journal of research on technology in education, 41(4), 393-416. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2009.10782536
- Kimmons, R., Graham, C. R., & West, R. E. (2020). The PICRAT model for technology integration in teacher preparation. Contemporary issues in technology and teacher education, 20(1), 176-198.
- Koehler, M. J., Mishra, P., & Cain, W. (2013). What is technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK)? Journal of education, 193(3), 13-19. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/002205741319300303
- Lachner, A., Fabian, A., Franke, U., Preiß, J., Jacob, L., Führer, C., . . . Thomas, P. (2021). Fostering pre-service teachers’ technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK): A quasi-experimental field study. Computers & Education, 174, 104304. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104304
- Luptullaevich, K. T. (2025). The practice of accounting for production costs and the process method of determining production costs in cotton and textile clusters and ways to improve it. Advances in Management and Business Studies, 1(1), 33-46. doi:10.35912/ambus.v1i1.3757
- Manalu, N. C. (2025). The Influence of Organizational Culture and Transformational Leadership on Employee Performance PT. Epson in the Digital Era. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 5(3), 713-726. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v5i3.3061
- Mishra, P., & Koehler, M. J. (2006). Technological pedagogical content knowledge: A framework for teacher knowledge. Teachers college record, 108(6), 1017-1054. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9620.2006.00684.x
- Mouza, C., Karchmer-Klein, R., Nandakumar, R., Yilmaz Ozden, S., & Hu, L. (2014). Investigating the impact of an integrated approach to the development of preservice teachers' technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK). Computers & Education, 71, 206-221. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.09.020
- Nkomo, L. M., Daniel, B. K., & Butson, R. J. (2021). Synthesis of student engagement with digital technologies: a systematic review of the literature. International journal of educational technology in higher education, 18(1), 34. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-021-00270-1
- Prahani, B. K., Alfin, J., Fuad, A. Z., Saphira, H. V., Hariyono, E., & Suprapto, N. (2022). Learning Management System (LMS) Research During 1991-2021: How Technology Affects Education. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 17(17), pp. 28-49. doi:https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v17i17.30763
- Rachmawati, I., & Al Amin, I. F. (2025). Generation Y and the Shift to Electric Vehicles in Indonesia: Exploring Key Drivers and Barriers. Jurnal Bisnis dan Pemasaran Digital, 4(2), 133-145. doi:10.35912/jbpd.v4i2.4531
- Rahman, S. A. Y., Rahayu, A., & Hendrayati, H. (2025). Digital marketing evolution: Understanding the role of AI and Big Data in shaping marketing strategies. International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management, 7(2), 197-211. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/ijfam.v7i2.2593
- Rickards, T. (2003). Technology-rich learning environments and the role of effective teaching Technology-rich learning environments: A future perspective (pp. 115-132): World Scientific.
- Schmidt-Crawford, D., Baran, E., Thompson, A., Mishra, P., Koehler, M., & Seob, S. (2009). Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK): The Development and Validation of an Assessment Instrument for Preservice Teachers. Journal of research on technology in education, 42, 123-149. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2009.10782544
- Shulman, L. S. (1986). Those who understand: Knowledge growth in teaching. Educational Researcher, 15(2), 4-14. doi:https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X015002004
- Stinken-Rösner, L., Hofer, E., Rodenhauser, A., & Abels, S. (2023). Technology implementation in pre-service science teacher education based on the transformative view of TPACK: Effects on pre-service teachers’ TPACK, behavioral orientations and actions in practice. Education Sciences, 13(7), 732. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13070732
- Understand, T. W. (1986). Knowledge Growth in Teaching. Educational Researcher, 15(2), 4-14. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/1175860
- Van Driel, J. H., Veal, W. R., & Janssen, F. J. J. M. (2001). Pedagogical content knowledge: an integrative component within the knowledge base for teaching. Teaching and Teacher Education, 17(8), 979-986. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(01)00044-0
- Vogel, D., & Klassen, J. (2001). Technology?supported learning: status, issues and trends. Journal of computer assisted learning, 17(1), 104-114. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2001.00163.x
- Voogt, J., Fisser, P., Pareja Roblin, N., Tondeur, J., & van Braak, J. (2013). Technological pedagogical content knowledge–a review of the literature. Journal of computer assisted learning, 29(2), 109-121. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2012.00487.x
- Wang, W., Schmidt-Crawford, D., & Jin, Y. (2018). Preservice Teachers' TPACK Development: A Review of Literature. Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 34, 234-258. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/21532974.2018.1498039
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.