Purpose: This study set out to assess the level of policy formulation in Hoima district local government for effective service delivery in Uganda. Research methodology: A quantitative case study design was embraced, aiming at 30 local councillors and 60 technical officials. The real sample was 54 respondents. Data were gathered via a self-administered questionnaire and an interview guide. Numerical and non-numerical data were examined by way of descriptive statistics as well as thematic analysis. Results: Results suggest a moderate mean for policy formulation in Hoima as generated from all the five constructs namely; problem identification (µ=2.88; SD= 1.346), problem manifesto (µ=2.76; SD =1.347), policy agenda (µ=2.17; SD =1.268), policy debate (µ=2.58; SD =1.271) and policy decision (µ=2.20; SD =1.268). This was so because the overall mean was 2.52 and the overall SD was 1.300. Nevertheless, the numerous impediments confronted mainly at policy decision disrupted the process. Limitations: The study concentrated on one local government in Uganda and so the results may not be generalised to Uganda. Contribution: These results might be used as contributions for local governments in Uganda to evolve a guide on integrating policy formulation issues during orientation and or retooling local councillors and technical officials for better policy formulation processes. This article contributes to the budding understanding by underlining undertones in policy formulation so that local governments become more efficient in delivering services to the citizenry.

Purpose: The impact of democracy on economic growth is an interesting study of economic institutions and there is still debate about the impact on economic growth. One side of the research finds that democracy has a significant and positive impact on economic growth, but the other side states that the improvement of the country's democracy causes economic growth to decline. This study aims to examine the impact of the quality of democracy on economic growth at the provincial level in Indonesia. Research methodology: The data used in this study use panel data using the Eviews 9.0 analysis tool, so that the best method named the Random Effect Model is obtained. Result: The results show that democracy in Indonesia has a significant impact on economic growth and there is a positive trend in the long run. Other variables used are labor and foreign investment, which statistically, if these variables occur, can increase economic growth in Indonesia and increase employment and data on foreign investment play a role in driving economic growth. Economic growth in Indonesia is already in good condition and the economic growth that occurs is convergence growth which shows that some provinces that are poor/underdeveloped can catch up with developed provinces. Limitations: This study uses fairly short time-series data, so that the addition of a longer time-series will of course give better results. Contribution: Improvements in democracy in Indonesia should also strengthen democratic norms that apply in society, such as reducing corrupt behaviors, especially political corruption and money politics to get public office because if this behavior cannot be corrected, then democracy will have little impact on the economy.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the role of indigenous institutions in implementing the Oetulu village Empowerment Policy of Musi district of North Central Timor regency. Research methodology: The research method in this study was a descriptive research method with a qualitative approach. This study used policy implementation theory models from Donald Van Meter and Carl E. Van Horn (1975)). Results: Six variables affect the implementation, namely: First, policy standards in the form of rules related to indigenous institutions in Oetulu village have been flawed at the formulation stage. Second, the human resources of Oetulu village indigenous institutions are not utilized by the Village Government. Third, communication between organizations and strengthening activities is still not effective. Fourth, the implementing agent has an open level of communication both vertically and horizontally, but this communication is constrained at the vertical level. Fifth, economic conditions in the jurisdiction or implementing organization are not enough to support the implementation of the policy and. Sixth, the disposition of the implementer. Limitations: This research only discusses the role of indigenous institutions in implementing the community empowerment policy of Oetulu village, Musi district of North Central Timor regency. Contribution: This research becomes scientific information for public administration science.