Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze sustainable tourism strategies in the Bali Mangrove Forest area using the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) approach, focusing on its economic, social, and environmental impacts. Methodology/approach: This study employed a literature review method to examine various academic sources and policy documents related to ecotourism management in the Ngurah Rai Grand Forest Park (Tahura), Bali. The research framework was based on the Triple Bottom Line approach, evaluating the sustainability aspects of ecotourism. Results/findings: The findings revealed that ecotourism in the Bali Mangrove Forest provides economic benefits by increasing local community income through fisheries and tourism activities. Socially, community participation in ecotourism enhances environmental awareness and engagement in conservation efforts. From an environmental perspective, ecotourism supports mangrove preservation through collaborative conservation programs involving local communities, government, and private sectors. Conclusions: Ecotourism in the Bali Mangrove Forest demonstrates the potential of the TBL approach to balance economic, environmental, and social objectives. It strengthens community livelihoods, fosters conservation awareness, and ensures ecological sustainability. The success of this model highlights the importance of integrating community involvement and cross-sectoral collaboration in sustainable tourism strategies. Limitations: The study relies solely on secondary data without field observations or quantitative measurement of impacts, limiting the depth of empirical validation. Contribution: This study applies the Triple Bottom Line framework to Bali’s mangrove ecotourism, providing insights for policymakers and practitioners to develop strategies that balance economic growth, social welfare, and environmental conservation.

Purpose: This study aims to examine the role of lexical units in advancing lexicography and understanding how languages evolve across different cultural contexts. The research highlights how lexical fields, dictionary theories, and cultural perceptions influence the categorization and interpretation of reality. Methodology: A qualitative literature review was conducted, drawing from studies in lexicography, sociolinguistics, and comparative linguistics. The analysis focused on three main areas: theoretical frameworks used in dictionaries, the organization of lexical fields, and cross-cultural perspectives on language categorization. Results: Findings indicate that lexical units are central to lexicography not only for dictionary compilation but also for documenting linguistic innovation. Researchers emphasize the importance of lexical fields such as household items, kinship terms, and technological vocabulary, which reveal both semantic shifts and cultural adaptation. Cross-cultural studies further demonstrate that the way nations classify and describe reality reflects deeper worldviews and societal values. Conclusion: Lexical studies strengthen the scientific basis of lexicography by connecting linguistic theory with cultural practices, ensuring that dictionaries remain relevant to contemporary users. Limitations: The study is limited to secondary sources, without primary data collection from fieldwork. Future research could incorporate corpus-based analysis or ethnographic approaches for richer insights. Contribution: This research contributes to lexicographic scholarship by underlining the necessity of analyzing lexical units as dynamic cultural markers. It provides a framework for linguists, lexicographers, and language learners to engage with vocabulary as both a linguistic and cultural phenomenon.