Climate change awareness and adaptation by rice farmers in Surallah, South Cotabato

https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v4i3.1854
Published: May 14, 2024

Abstract:

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the level of awareness and extent of adaptation strategies of upland and lowland local rice farmers in the municipality of Surallah, in the province of South Cotabato, in response to the impacts of climate change.

Methodology/approach: This study utilized a descriptive-correlational research design to evaluate the awareness levels, extent of adaptation strategies, and interrelationships among these variables within upland and lowland local rice farming communities in Surallah, South Cotabato province.

Results/Findings: The research findings highlight the significant differences in awareness levels and adaptation strategies between upland and lowland rice farmers. Upland farmers exhibited lower awareness and sporadic adaptation measures, while their lowland counterparts demonstrated a moderately aware status with a corresponding, albeit moderate, application of adaptive strategies. The study also revealed a meaningful positive relationship between awareness levels and adaptation strategies across both groups.

Limitations: The study focused only on the municipality of Surallah in the Province of South Cotabato, concentrating on upland and lowland farmers.

Contribution: The findings of this study reveal how farmers in different geographical settings respond to the challenges presented by climate change and reveal potential connections between awareness and adaptation strategies, which will become the basis for policy recommendations.

Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in its specific focus on upland and lowland rice farmers in Surallah, South Cotabato, providing a comprehensive examination of awareness and adaptation strategies towards climate change.

Keywords:
1. Awareness
2. Adaptations
3. Climate Change
4. Upland
5. Lowland
Authors:
Jomarie V. Baron
South Cotabato State College, Philippines
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How to Cite
Baron, J. V. (2024). Climate change awareness and adaptation by rice farmers in Surallah, South Cotabato. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 4(3), 193–204. https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v4i3.1854
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Issue & Section
Vol. 4 No. 3 (2024): May
Articles
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

References

    Baron, J. (2022). HIV/AIDS Awareness and the Level of Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Senior High School Students: An Evaluation. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 3(1), 43-55.

    Baron, J. V., & Robles, A. C. M. O. (2023). Structural equation model: Organizational performance among state universities and colleges in Philippines. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 3(4), 307-320.

    Beddington, J. R., Asaduzzaman, M., Fernandez, A., Clark, M. E., Guillou, M., Jahn, M. M., . . . Nobre, C. A. (2012). Achieving food security in the face of climate change: Final report from the Commission on Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change.

    Belay, B., Ambaw, G., Makonnen, B., Amha, Y., Demissie, T. D., & Solomon, D. (2023). Streamlining Climate Education to Tackle Climate Crisis: Call For Action to Empower Ethiopia’s Next Generation with Climate Knowledge and Build Resilience. Retrieved from

    Berrang-Ford, L., Pearce, T., & Ford, J. D. (2015). Systematic review approaches for climate change adaptation research. Regional Environmental Change, 15, 755-769.

    Bojang, F., Traore, S., Togola, A., & Diallo, Y. (2020). Farmers perceptions about climate change, management practice and their on-farm adoption strategies at rice fields in Sapu and Kuntaur of the Gambia, West Africa. American Journal of Climate Change, 9(01), 1.

    Dinesh, D., Zougmore, R. B., Vervoort, J., Totin, E., Thornton, P. K., Solomon, D., . . . Läderach, P. (2018). Facilitating change for climate-smart agriculture through science-policy engagement. Sustainability, 10(8), 2616.

    Ebi, K. L., Vanos, J., Baldwin, J. W., Bell, J. E., Hondula, D. M., Errett, N. A., . . . Spector, J. (2021). Extreme weather and climate change: population health and health system implications. Annual review of public health, 42(1), 293-315.

    Efisue, A., Tongoona, P., Derera, J., Langyintuo, A., Laing, M., & Ubi, B. (2008). Farmers' perceptions on rice varieties in Sikasso region of Mali and their implications for rice breeding. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 194(5), 393-400.

    Emran, S.-A., Krupnik, T. J., Aravindakshan, S., Kumar, V., & Pittelkow, C. M. (2022). Impact of cropping system diversification on productivity and resource use efficiencies of smallholder farmers in south-central Bangladesh: a multi-criteria analysis. Agronomy for sustainable development, 42(4), 78.

    Ensor, J., & Harvey, B. (2015). Social learning and climate change adaptation: evidence for international development practice. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 6(5), 509-522.

    FAO. (2019). FAO’s Work on Climate Change. Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/3/ca7126en/ca7126en.pdf

    Feola, G., Lerner, A. M., Jain, M., Montefrio, M. J. F., & Nicholas, K. A. (2015). Researching farmer behaviour in climate change adaptation and sustainable agriculture: Lessons learned from five case studies. Journal of Rural Studies, 39, 74-84.

    Floranza, J. M. (2023). Understanding the concern to communicate climate change. European Journal of Social Impact and Circular Economy, 4(3), 36-57.

    Higham, J. E., Cohen, S. A., & Cavaliere, C. T. (2014). Climate change, discretionary air travel, and the “Flyers’ Dilemma”. Journal of Travel research, 53(4), 462-475.

    Hyland, J. J., Jones, D. L., Parkhill, K. A., Barnes, A. P., & Williams, A. P. (2016). Farmers’ perceptions of climate change: identifying types. Agriculture and Human Values, 33, 323-339.

    IPCC. (2018). Global Warming of 1.5 ºC. Retrieved from https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/

    Laureta, R. P., Regalado, R. R. H., & De La Cruz, E. B. (2021). Climate vulnerability scenario of the agricultural sector in the Bicol River Basin, Philippines. Climatic Change, 168(1-2), 4.

    Levin, K., Cashore, B., Bernstein, S., & Auld, G. (2012). Overcoming the tragedy of super wicked problems: constraining our future selves to ameliorate global climate change. Policy sciences, 45(2), 123-152.

    Lin, B. B. (2011). Resilience in agriculture through crop diversification: adaptive management for environmental change. BioScience, 61(3), 183-193.

    Luís, S., Vauclair, C.-M., & Lima, M. L. (2018). Raising awareness of climate change causes? Cross-national evidence for the normalization of societal risk perception of climate change. Environmental Science & Policy, 80, 74-81.

    Mapfumo, E., Chanasyk, D. S., Puurveen, D., Elton, S., & Acharya, S. (2023). Historic climate change trends and impacts on crop yields in key agricultural areas of the prairie provinces in Canada: a literature review. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 103(3), 243-258.

    Mochizuki, Y., & Bryan, A. (2015). Climate change education in the context of education for sustainable development: Rationale and principles. Journal of Education for Sustainable Development, 9(1), 4-26.

    Nowotny, J., Dodson, J., Fiechter, S., Gür, T. M., Kennedy, B., Macyk, W., . . . Rahman, K. A. (2018). Towards global sustainability: Education on environmentally clean energy technologies. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 81, 2541-2551.

    Seneviratne, S. I., Adnan, M., Badi, W., Dereczynski, C., Luca, A. D., Ghosh, S., . . . Otto, F. (2022). Weather and climate extreme events in a changing climate Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (pp. 1513-1766): Cambridge University Press.

    Shariatzadeh, M., & Bijani, M. (2022). Towards farmers' adaptation to climate change: The effect of time perspective. Journal of cleaner production, 348, 131284.

    Sheppard, S. R. (2005). Landscape visualisation and climate change: the potential for influencing perceptions and behaviour. Environmental Science & Policy, 8(6), 637-654.

    Simane, B., Beyene, H., Deressa, W., Kumie, A., Berhane, K., & Samet, J. (2016). Review of climate change and health in Ethiopia: status and gap analysis. Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 30(1), 28-41.

    Speranza, C. I. (2010). Resilient adaptation to climate change in African agriculture: Studies.

    Thomas, K., Hardy, R. D., Lazrus, H., Mendez, M., Orlove, B., Rivera?Collazo, I., . . . Winthrop, R. (2019). Explaining differential vulnerability to climate change: A social science review. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 10(2), e565.

    Walker, S., & McNeal, K. (2013). Development and validation of an instrument for assessing climate change knowledge and perceptions: The climate stewardship survey (CSS). International Electronic Journal of Environmental Education, 3(1), 57-73.

  1. Baron, J. (2022). HIV/AIDS Awareness and the Level of Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Senior High School Students: An Evaluation. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 3(1), 43-55.
  2. Baron, J. V., & Robles, A. C. M. O. (2023). Structural equation model: Organizational performance among state universities and colleges in Philippines. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 3(4), 307-320.
  3. Beddington, J. R., Asaduzzaman, M., Fernandez, A., Clark, M. E., Guillou, M., Jahn, M. M., . . . Nobre, C. A. (2012). Achieving food security in the face of climate change: Final report from the Commission on Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change.
  4. Belay, B., Ambaw, G., Makonnen, B., Amha, Y., Demissie, T. D., & Solomon, D. (2023). Streamlining Climate Education to Tackle Climate Crisis: Call For Action to Empower Ethiopia’s Next Generation with Climate Knowledge and Build Resilience. Retrieved from
  5. Berrang-Ford, L., Pearce, T., & Ford, J. D. (2015). Systematic review approaches for climate change adaptation research. Regional Environmental Change, 15, 755-769.
  6. Bojang, F., Traore, S., Togola, A., & Diallo, Y. (2020). Farmers perceptions about climate change, management practice and their on-farm adoption strategies at rice fields in Sapu and Kuntaur of the Gambia, West Africa. American Journal of Climate Change, 9(01), 1.
  7. Dinesh, D., Zougmore, R. B., Vervoort, J., Totin, E., Thornton, P. K., Solomon, D., . . . Läderach, P. (2018). Facilitating change for climate-smart agriculture through science-policy engagement. Sustainability, 10(8), 2616.
  8. Ebi, K. L., Vanos, J., Baldwin, J. W., Bell, J. E., Hondula, D. M., Errett, N. A., . . . Spector, J. (2021). Extreme weather and climate change: population health and health system implications. Annual review of public health, 42(1), 293-315.
  9. Efisue, A., Tongoona, P., Derera, J., Langyintuo, A., Laing, M., & Ubi, B. (2008). Farmers' perceptions on rice varieties in Sikasso region of Mali and their implications for rice breeding. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 194(5), 393-400.
  10. Emran, S.-A., Krupnik, T. J., Aravindakshan, S., Kumar, V., & Pittelkow, C. M. (2022). Impact of cropping system diversification on productivity and resource use efficiencies of smallholder farmers in south-central Bangladesh: a multi-criteria analysis. Agronomy for sustainable development, 42(4), 78.
  11. Ensor, J., & Harvey, B. (2015). Social learning and climate change adaptation: evidence for international development practice. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 6(5), 509-522.
  12. FAO. (2019). FAO’s Work on Climate Change. Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/3/ca7126en/ca7126en.pdf
  13. Feola, G., Lerner, A. M., Jain, M., Montefrio, M. J. F., & Nicholas, K. A. (2015). Researching farmer behaviour in climate change adaptation and sustainable agriculture: Lessons learned from five case studies. Journal of Rural Studies, 39, 74-84.
  14. Floranza, J. M. (2023). Understanding the concern to communicate climate change. European Journal of Social Impact and Circular Economy, 4(3), 36-57.
  15. Higham, J. E., Cohen, S. A., & Cavaliere, C. T. (2014). Climate change, discretionary air travel, and the “Flyers’ Dilemma”. Journal of Travel research, 53(4), 462-475.
  16. Hyland, J. J., Jones, D. L., Parkhill, K. A., Barnes, A. P., & Williams, A. P. (2016). Farmers’ perceptions of climate change: identifying types. Agriculture and Human Values, 33, 323-339.
  17. IPCC. (2018). Global Warming of 1.5 ºC. Retrieved from https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/
  18. Laureta, R. P., Regalado, R. R. H., & De La Cruz, E. B. (2021). Climate vulnerability scenario of the agricultural sector in the Bicol River Basin, Philippines. Climatic Change, 168(1-2), 4.
  19. Levin, K., Cashore, B., Bernstein, S., & Auld, G. (2012). Overcoming the tragedy of super wicked problems: constraining our future selves to ameliorate global climate change. Policy sciences, 45(2), 123-152.
  20. Lin, B. B. (2011). Resilience in agriculture through crop diversification: adaptive management for environmental change. BioScience, 61(3), 183-193.
  21. Luís, S., Vauclair, C.-M., & Lima, M. L. (2018). Raising awareness of climate change causes? Cross-national evidence for the normalization of societal risk perception of climate change. Environmental Science & Policy, 80, 74-81.
  22. Mapfumo, E., Chanasyk, D. S., Puurveen, D., Elton, S., & Acharya, S. (2023). Historic climate change trends and impacts on crop yields in key agricultural areas of the prairie provinces in Canada: a literature review. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 103(3), 243-258.
  23. Mochizuki, Y., & Bryan, A. (2015). Climate change education in the context of education for sustainable development: Rationale and principles. Journal of Education for Sustainable Development, 9(1), 4-26.
  24. Nowotny, J., Dodson, J., Fiechter, S., Gür, T. M., Kennedy, B., Macyk, W., . . . Rahman, K. A. (2018). Towards global sustainability: Education on environmentally clean energy technologies. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 81, 2541-2551.
  25. Seneviratne, S. I., Adnan, M., Badi, W., Dereczynski, C., Luca, A. D., Ghosh, S., . . . Otto, F. (2022). Weather and climate extreme events in a changing climate Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (pp. 1513-1766): Cambridge University Press.
  26. Shariatzadeh, M., & Bijani, M. (2022). Towards farmers' adaptation to climate change: The effect of time perspective. Journal of cleaner production, 348, 131284.
  27. Sheppard, S. R. (2005). Landscape visualisation and climate change: the potential for influencing perceptions and behaviour. Environmental Science & Policy, 8(6), 637-654.
  28. Simane, B., Beyene, H., Deressa, W., Kumie, A., Berhane, K., & Samet, J. (2016). Review of climate change and health in Ethiopia: status and gap analysis. Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 30(1), 28-41.
  29. Speranza, C. I. (2010). Resilient adaptation to climate change in African agriculture: Studies.
  30. Thomas, K., Hardy, R. D., Lazrus, H., Mendez, M., Orlove, B., Rivera?Collazo, I., . . . Winthrop, R. (2019). Explaining differential vulnerability to climate change: A social science review. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 10(2), e565.
  31. Walker, S., & McNeal, K. (2013). Development and validation of an instrument for assessing climate change knowledge and perceptions: The climate stewardship survey (CSS). International Electronic Journal of Environmental Education, 3(1), 57-73.