Purpose: This study aims to examine effective methods for developing the basic physical qualities of general secondary school students, with a focus on strength, endurance, speed, agility, and flexibility. The research seeks to highlight pedagogical conditions and methodological approaches that promote balanced physical development.

Research methodology: The study employs a descriptive-analytical approach, synthesizing findings from pedagogical theory and practical experiences in physical education. Systematic review of methodological practices and structured observation of school-based physical activities are used to identify effective strategies.

Results: The analysis reveals that consistent and well-organized physical education, supported by extracurricular sports activities, significantly improves students’ physical qualities. Structured training methods, when adapted to age-specific needs, enhance endurance, strength, and agility while reducing risks of fatigue or injury. Moreover, integrating flexibility and speed exercises into the curriculum fosters balanced physical development and overall well-being.

Conclusions: The findings emphasize the importance of systematic and age-appropriate physical education. Harmonizing pedagogical methods with students’ developmental stages ensures sustainable improvement in physical fitness and supports the holistic growth of schoolchildren.

Limitations: The study is limited to a theoretical and methodological analysis without extensive experimental testing. The findings may require validation across diverse educational contexts and student populations.

Contribution: This research contributes to the pedagogical field by providing a framework for optimizing physical education programs in schools. It underscores the role of targeted methodology in enhancing students’ health, fitness, and long-term physical development.