Gender roles in tourism development in East Nusa Tenggara -Timor Leste border

https://doi.org/10.35912/joste.v6i1.2166
Published: Oct 2, 2024

Abstract:

Purpose: This research explores the challenges and opportunities of integrating a gender perspective into tourism development in the border regions of East Nusa Tenggara (ENT) and Timor Leste.

Research Methodology: Using a qualitative approach, this study collected data through literature reviews and stakeholder interviews.

Results: The analysis revealed that women face various obstacles to tourism sector development, such as limited access to capital, unequal job opportunities, and societal gender stereotypes. Despite these challenges, there are significant opportunities for women to enhance their participation in the tourism industry, potentially leading to increased wellbeing.

Limitations: This study acknowledges limitations, including the scope of qualitative research and the challenges in generalizing findings to broader contexts beyond ENT and Timor Leste.

Contributions: Based on these findings, this research proposes tourism development strategies focusing on inclusive gender vocational training programs; enhanced collaboration among government, private sector, and educational institutions; and promoting women's leadership and decision-making roles in tourism management.

Novelty: This study highlights the potential for more inclusive tourism development in the ENT-Timor Leste border region, with the aim of providing economic benefits to local communities.

Keywords:
1. Border Tourism
2. economic empowerment
3. inclusive tourism
4. participation
5. empowerment
Authors:
1 . Frederic Winston Nalle
Brawijaya University, Indonesia
2 . Sri Muljaningsih
Brawijaya University, Indonesia
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Nalle, F. W., & Muljaningsih, S. (2024). Gender roles in tourism development in East Nusa Tenggara -Timor Leste border. Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Entrepreneurship, 6(1), 45–64. https://doi.org/10.35912/joste.v6i1.2166
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Issue & Section
Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024): September
Articles
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  1. Abou-Shouk, M. A., Mannaa, M. T., & Elbaz, A. M. (2021). Women's empowerment and tourism development: A cross-country study. Tourism Management Perspectives, 37, 100782.
  2. Acevedo, P., Cruces, G., Gertler, P., & Martinez, S. (2020). How vocational education made women better off but left men behind. Labour Economics, 65, 101824.
  3. Ahmed, S., & Kiester, E. (2021). Do gender differences lead to unequal access to climate adaptation strategies in an agrarian context? Perceptions from coastal Bangladesh. Local Environment, 26(5), 650-665.
  4. Alemayehu, B. A. (2020). Gender inclusive training challenges in higher education institutions in Ethiopia: Implications for reforming training for gender equality. International Journal of Didactical Studies, 1(1), 16-21.
  5. Aragonés-González, M., Rosser-Limiñana, A., & Gil-González, D. (2020). Coeducation and gender equality in education systems: A scoping review. Children and Youth Services Review, 111, 104837.
  6. Arijuddin, A. M., & Nurwahidin, N. (2023). Optimalisasi Peran Wakaf dalam Pengembangan Pariwisata Halal di Indonesia. Jesya (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Ekonomi Syariah), 6(1), 422-435.
  7. Asthu, A. A. (2020). Pengembangan wilayah perbatasan Indonesia menggunakan pendekatan pariwisata. Jurnal Sosioteknologi, 19(1), 75-90.
  8. Ayuningsasi, A., Saraswaty, A. N., & Saientisna, M. (2023). Women And Work Choices In The Tourism Sector: A Form Of Women Empowerment. Journal of Tourism Economics and Policy, 2(3), 186-191.
  9. Azali, R., & Harsanti, T. (2022). Analisis Determinan Status Kemiskinan Rumah Tangga Sektor Pertanian Di Nusa Tenggara Timur Tahun 2020. Paper presented at the Seminar Nasional Official Statistics.
  10. Bakker, M., van der Duim, R., Peters, K., & Klomp, J. (2023). Tourism and inclusive growth: Evaluating a diagnostic framework. Tourism Planning & Development, 20(3), 416-439.
  11. Baten, J., De Haas, M., Kempter, E., & Meier zu Selhausen, F. (2021). Educational gender inequality in Sub?Saharan Africa: A long?term perspective. Population and Development Review, 47(3), 813-849.
  12. Baum, T. (2018). Sustainable human resource management as a driver in tourism policy and planning: a serious sin of omission? Journal of sustainable tourism, 26(6), 873-889.
  13. Biddulph, R., & Scheyvens, R. (2018). Introducing inclusive tourism. Tourism Geographies, 20(4), 583-588.
  14. Bire, C. M. D., & Radja, M. R. (2023). Perlindungan Hak Perempuan Berdasarkan Convention On Elimination Of All Forms Of Discrimination Againts Women (Cedaw) Dalam Tradisi Kawin Tangkap Di Sumba. Jurnal Hukum Samudra Keadilan, 18(1), 131-141.
  15. BPS. (2024). Buklet Ringkasan Data Tenaga Kerja dan Pengangguran Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur 2023. Retrieved from https://ntt.bps.go.id/publication/2024/03/28/40f0ae1f22c0b058bd154ee2/buklet-ringkasan-data-tenaga-kerja-dan-pengangguran-provinsi-nusa-tenggara-timur-2023.html
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  17. Bruce, A. N., Battista, A., Plankey, M. W., Johnson, L. B., & Marshall, M. B. (2015). Perceptions of gender-based discrimination during surgical training and practice. Medical education online, 20(1), 25923.
  18. Bullough, A., Kroeck, K. G., Newbury, W., Kundu, S. K., & Lowe, K. B. (2012). Women's political leadership participation around the world: An institutional analysis. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(3), 398-411.
  19. Bullough, A. M. (2008). Global factors affecting women's participation in leadership. Florida International University.
  20. Chiluwa, I. (2023). Women's online advocacy campaigns for political participation in Nigeria and Ghana Voice, Agency and Resistance (pp. 7-26): Routledge.
  21. Costa, H. A., Costa, C., Breda, Z., Caçador, S., Carvalho, I., & Vieira, R. (2013). Women in Brazil with higher education in tourism: Preliminary results of the Gentour Project. Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento(19), 53-66.
  22. Daniel, A. D., Costa, R. A., Pita, M., & Costa, C. (2017). Tourism Education: What about entrepreneurial skills? Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 30, 65-72.
  23. David, M. E. (2015). Women and gender equality in higher education? Education Sciences, 5(1), 10-25.
  24. Devitasari, D., Fasa, M. I., & Soeharto, S. (2022). Analisis Pengembangan Wisata Halal Dalam Prospek Membantu Meningkatkan Perekonomian Di Indonesia. Jurnal Bina Bangsa Ekonomika, 15(1), 130-139.
  25. Díaz-Carrión, I., & Vizcaino-Suarez, L. P. (2021). Mexican Women's emotions to resist gender stereotypes in rural tourism work. Tourism Geographies, 24, 1-19. doi:10.1080/14616688.2020.1867886
  26. Díaz-Meneses, G., Vilkait?-Vaiton?, N., & Estupiñan-Ojeda, M. (2020). Gaining insight into violence from gender stereotypes and sexist attitudes in the context of tourism. Sustainability, 12(22), 9405.
  27. Farhan, H., & Anwar, K. (2016). The tourism development strategy is based on rural and local wisdom. Journal of Sustainable Development, 9(3), 170-181.
  28. Fennell, S., & Arnot, M. (2008). Gender education and equality in a global context. Sociology of Education.
  29. Gao, J., Ryan, C., Cave, J., & Zhang, C. (2019). Tourism border-making: A political economy of China's border tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 76, 1-13.
  30. Gilbert, M. R., Masucci, M., Homko, C., & Bove, A. A. (2008). Theorizing the digital divide: Information and communication technology use frameworks among poor women using a telemedicine system. Geoforum, 39(2), 912-925.
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  32. Graci, S. (2020). Collaboration and partnership development for sustainable tourism Tourism and Sustainable Development Goals (pp. 232-249): Routledge.
  33. Hao, F., Zhang, S., & Xiao, H. (2021). A return to innocence: Guimi tourism and women empowerment. International journal of tourism research, 23(6), 971-983.
  34. Hardi, T., Kupi, M., Ocskay, G., & Szemerédi, E. (2021). Examining cross-border cultural tourism as an indicator of territorial integration across the Slovak–Hungarian border. Sustainability, 13(13), 7225.
  35. Heintz, J., Kabeer, N., & Mahmud, S. (2018). Cultural norms, economic incentives, and women's labor market behavior: empirical insights from Bangladesh. Oxford Development Studies, 46(2), 266-289.
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