Strategic Agility: A prospect for sustainable performance of micro-businesses in South-Eastern Nigeria

https://doi.org/10.35912/joste.v2i3.799
Published: Oct 11, 2021

Abstract:

Purpose: To investigate the role strategic agility plays in the sustainable performance of micro-businesses, while specifically, it sort to examine the link between micro-businesses decision-making and technology adoption in South-eastern Nigeria

Research methodology: A survey research method was adopted with a population quoted at 210 Micro-business registered owners in South-eastern Nigeria. The sample size of 136 was arrived at using Krejcie and Morgan's (1970) formula. A questionnaire set was designed for data collection and analyzed using the Linear Regression Statistics at a 5% level of significance.

Results: Decision-making and technology adoption have a statistical significant relationship with Micro-businesses in South-eastern Nigeria (R2 = .959; F = 1180.390; p-value < 0.05).

Limitations: The study did not cover all the five states in the region where the study was conducted.

Contribution: The study excruciates strategic agility's role, its prospect for Micro-businesses, and its link with sustainable performance in a turbulent and dynamic business environment.

Keywords:
1. Strategic Agility
2. Sustainable performance
3. Decision-making
4. Technology adoption
5. SMEs
6. Southeast Nigeria
Authors:
1 . Monyei Ezieshi Francis
Department of Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
2 . Okeke Patrick Anene
Department of Business Administration, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
3 . Nwosu Kanayo Chike
Department of Marketing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
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How to Cite
Monyei, . E. F., Okeke, P. A., & Nwosu, K. C. (2021). Strategic Agility: A prospect for sustainable performance of micro-businesses in South-Eastern Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Entrepreneurship, 2(4), 187–198. https://doi.org/10.35912/joste.v2i3.799
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Issue & Section
Vol. 2 No. 4 (2021): June
Articles
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References

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    Akintokunbo, O. O., &Agi, E. (2020). Strategic Agility and Organizational Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Rivers State. International Journal of Innovative Social Sciences & Humanities Research, 8(3), 103-113.

    Alhadid, A. Y. (2016). The effect of organization agility on organization performance. International Review of Management and Business Research, 5(1).

    Al-Romeedy, B. S. (2019). Strategic agility as a competitive advantage in the airlines-Case study: Egypt Air. Journal of the Faculty of Tourism and Hotels-University of Sadat City, 3(1), 1-15.

    Ambrosini, V. (2003). Tacit and Ambiguous Resource as Source of Competitive Advantage. UK: Palgrave Macmillan. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403948083

    Amniattalab, A., & Ansari, R. (2016). The effect of strategic foresight on competitive advantage with the mediating role of organisational ambidexterity. International Journal of Innovation Management, 20(3), 1650040.

    Appelbaum, S. H., Calla, R., Desautels, D., &Hasan, L. (2017). The challenges of organizational agility (Part 1). Industrial and Commercial Training, 49(1), 6-14.

    Arachie, A. E., Nzewi, H. N., Gerald, E., & Ezinne, K. M. (2020). Digital literacy in a post Coronavirus era: a management perspective for small businesses in Africa. Annals of Management and Organization Research, 1(3), 203-212.

    Ariyanto, R., & Kustini, K. (2021). Employer branding and employee value proposition: The key success of startup companies in attracting potential employee candidates. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 1(2), 113-125

    Borodako, K., Berbeka. J., Rudnicki, M., Łapczyński, &Mariusz . (2019). The contribution of human capital to the performance of Knowledge Intensive Business Services. Annals of Management and Organization Research, 1(2), 141-153.

    Christopher, M., &Towill, D. (2001). An Integrated Model for the Design of Agile Supply Chains. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 31(4), 235-246.http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09600030110394914

    Diniz, E. H., Jayo, M., Pozzebon, M., Lavoie, F., &Foguel, F. H. (2014). ICT helping to scale up microfinance. Journal of Global Information Management, 22(1), 34–50.

    Dove, R. (2001). Responsibility: The language, structure, and culture of the agile enterprise. New York: Wiley

    Doz, Y., & Kosonen, M. (2008). The dynamics of strategic agility: Nokia's rollercoaster experience. California Management Review, 50(3), 95-118.

    Emejulu, G., Agbasi, E., & Nosike, C. (2020). Strategic agility and performance of small and medium enterprises in the phase of Covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management, 2(1), 41-50.

    Erande, A., &Verma, A. (2008). Measuring Agility of Organizations – A Comprehensive Agility Measurement Tool (CAMT). Old Dominion University, Proceedings of The 2008 IAJC-IJME International Conference.

    Esbach, J. (2009). Relevance of engineering entrepreneurship: A study at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, 5(3), 108.

    Ganguly, A., Nilchiani, R., & Farr, J. V. (2009). Evaluating agility in corporate enterprises. International Journal of Production Economics, 118(2), 410-423.

    Gerald, E., Obianuju, A., Chukwunonso, N. (2020). Strategic agility and performance of small and medium enterprises in the phase of Covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management, 2(1), 41-50.

    Gunasekaran, A. (1999). Agile Manufacturing: A Framework for Research and Development. International Journal of Production Economics, 62, 87-105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5273(98)00222-9

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    Houghton, R., El Sawy, O. A., Gray, P., Donegan, C., & Joshi, A. (2004). Vigilant Information Systems for Managing Enterprises in Dynamic Supply Chains: Real-Time Dashboards at Western Digital. MISQuarterly Executive, 3(1), 19-35.

    Izza, S., Imache, R., Vincent, L., & Lounis, Y. (2008). An Approach for the Evaluation of the Agility in the Context of Enterprise Interoperability. Enterprise Interoperability, 3, 3-14.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-221-0_1

    Jahanshahi, A. A., Rezaei, M., Nawaser, K., Ranjbar, V., & Pitamber, B. K. (2012). Analyzing the effects of electronic commerce on organizational performance: Evidence from small and medium enterprises. African Journal of Business Management, 6(22), 6486-6496.

    Kauffman, R. J., & Riggins, F. J. (2012). Information and communication technology and the sustainability of microfinance. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 11(5), 450–468.

    Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Educational and Psychological Measurement, 607-610.

    Markos, S., & Sridevi, M. (2010). Employee Engagement: The Key to Improving Performance. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(12).

    Lim, C. H., & Teoh, K. B. (2021). Factors influencing the SME business success in Malaysia. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 1(1), 41-54.

    Matchaba-Hove, T. M., & Goliath, J. E (2007). The entrepreneurial orientation and business performance relationship: A study of young-adult-owned small businesses. Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Southern African Institute of Management Scientists.

    Mathiassen, L., & Pries-Heje, J. (2006). Business Agility and Diffusion of Information Technology. European Journal of Information Systems, (15), 116-119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ejis.3000610

    Mehrabi, S., Siyadat, S., &Allameh, S. (2013). Examining the Degree of Organizational Agility from Employees' Perspective (Agriculture-Jahad Organization of Shahrekord City). International Journal of academic research in Business and Social Sciences, 3(5), 315-323.

    Monyei (2021). Organisational paranoia and sustainable performance of banks in Lagos State, Nigeria. A PhD thesis, submitted in the Department of Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Online at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350277658_ORGANISATIONAL_PARANOIA_AND_WORKFORCE_PRODUCTIVITY_OF_THE_BANKING_SECTOR_IN_LAGOS_STATE_NIGERIA

    Nafei, W. A. (2016). Organizational Agility: The Key to Organizational Success. International Journal of Business and Management, 11(5).

    Nwaise, N.D. (2017). Empowering Nurses through Knowledge and Technology to Decrease Fall Rates. A thesis submitted for the degree of doctor of nursing practice at Walden University, USA. Available online at http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations. Retrieved 18th July 2021.

    Ofoegbu, O. E., &Akanbi, P. A. (2012). The influence of strategic agility on the perceived performance of manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The International Business & Economics Research Journal (Online), 11(2), 153-169.

    Olanipekun, W. D., Abioro, M. A., Akanni, L. F., Arulogun, O. O., &Rabiu, R. O. (2015). Impact of strategic management on competitive advantage and organisational performance– Evidence from Nigerian Bottling Company. Journal of Policy and Development Studies, 9(2), 185-198.

    Oosterhout, M. V., Waarts, E., & Van Hillegersberg, J. (2006). Change Factors Requiring Agility and Implications for It. European Journal of Information Systems, 15(2), 132-145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ejis.3000601

    Oyedijo, A. (2012). Strategic agility and competitive performance in the Nigerian telecommunication industry: An empirical investigation. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 2(3), 227-237.

    Rohrbeck, R., &Kum, M. E. (2018). Corporate foresight and its impact on firm performance: A longitudinal analysis. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 129, 105-116.

    Rozzani, N., Rahman, R. A., Yusuf, I. S., & Syed, S. N. (2013). Applying technology: Issues in microfinance operations. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 17(3).

    Sambamurthy, V., Bharadwaj, A., & Grover, V. (2003). Shaping Agility through Digital Options: Reconceptualizing the Role of Information Technology in Contemporary Firms. MIS Quarterly, 27(2), 237-263.

    Sampath, J. M. (2015). Exploring the significance of strategic agility in building sustainable competitive advantage for retail banks in India. Working Paper Series No. ST-16-01. SVKM's NarseeMonjee Institute of Management Studies, School of Business Management, Deemed University.

    Serrano-Cinca, C., & Gutiérrez-Nieto, B. (2014). Microfinance, the long tail and mission drift. International Business Review, 23(1), 181–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2013.03.006

    Sharifi, H., & Zhang, Z. (2001). Agile Manufacturing in Practice. Application of a Methodology. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 21(5), 772-794.http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443570110390462

    Sherehiy, B. (2008). Relationships between Agility Strategy, Work Organization and Workforce Agility. Doctor Dissertation, University of Louisville.

    Sherehiy, B., Karwowski, W., & Layer, J. (2007). A Review of Enterprise Agility: Concepts, Frameworks, and Attributes. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 37(5), 445-460.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2007.01.007

    Somuyiwa, A. O., Adebayo, I. T., & Akanbi, T. A. (2011). Supply chain performance: An agile supply chain driven by information system (IS) capabilities. British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 1(2), 125-135.

    Sull, D. (2009). How to Thrive in Turbulent Markets. Harvard Business Review, 87(2), 78-88.

    Syafarudin, A. (2016). The strategy of leadership and innovation in improving company performance against competitive advantage: A case study of PT. Pegadaian (Ltd) Indonesia. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 4(6), 471-482.

    Tabe-Khoshnood, N. & Nematizadeh, S. (2017). Strategic agility and its impact on the competitive capabilities in Iranian private banks. International Journal of Business and Management, 12(2), 220-229.

    Tallon, P. P., &Pinsonneault, A. (2011). Competing perspectives on the link between strategic information technology alignment and organizational agility: Insights from a mediation model. MIS Quarterly, 35, 463-486.

    Teece, D. J. (2007). Explicating dynamic capabilities: The nature and micro-foundations of (sustainable) enterprise performance. Strategic Management Journal, 28(13), 1319-1350.

    Teece, D., Peteraf, M., &Leih, S. (2016). Dynamic capabilities and organizational agility: Risk, uncertainty, and strategy in the innovation economy. California Management Review, 58(4), 13-35.

    Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509-533.

    Tsourveloudis, N., &Valavanis, K. (2002). On the Measurement of Enterprise Agility. Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, 33(3), 329-342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015096909316

    Warr, P., & Inceoglu, I. (2012). Job Engagement, Job Satisfaction, and Contrasting Associations with Person–Job Fit. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 17(2), 129-138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0026859

    Weber, Y., & Tarba, S. Y. (2014). Strategic agility: A state of the art introduction to the special section on strategic agility. California Management Review, 56(3), 5-12.

    Whitney, D. (2010). Appreciative Inquiry: Creating Spiritual Resonance in the Workplace. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 1-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14766080903497656

    Yeganegi, K., & Azar, M. (2012). The Effect of IT on Organizational Agility. Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, Istanbul, Turkey.

    Yusuf, Y., Sarhadi, M., & Gunasekaran, A. (1999). Agile Manufacturing: The Drivers, Concepts and Attributes. International Journal of Production Economics, 62(1-2), 33-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5273(98)00219-9

    Zain, M., Rose. R., Abdullah, I., &Masrom, M. (2005). The Relationship between Information Technology Acceptance and Organizational Agility in Malaysia. Information & Management, 42, 829-839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2004.09.001

  1. Abraham, H., & Balogun, I. (2012). Contribution of microfinance to GDP in Nigeria: Is there any? International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(17), 167–176.
  2. Akintokunbo, O. O., &Agi, E. (2020). Strategic Agility and Organizational Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Rivers State. International Journal of Innovative Social Sciences & Humanities Research, 8(3), 103-113.
  3. Alhadid, A. Y. (2016). The effect of organization agility on organization performance. International Review of Management and Business Research, 5(1).
  4. Al-Romeedy, B. S. (2019). Strategic agility as a competitive advantage in the airlines-Case study: Egypt Air. Journal of the Faculty of Tourism and Hotels-University of Sadat City, 3(1), 1-15.
  5. Ambrosini, V. (2003). Tacit and Ambiguous Resource as Source of Competitive Advantage. UK: Palgrave Macmillan. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403948083
  6. Amniattalab, A., & Ansari, R. (2016). The effect of strategic foresight on competitive advantage with the mediating role of organisational ambidexterity. International Journal of Innovation Management, 20(3), 1650040.
  7. Appelbaum, S. H., Calla, R., Desautels, D., &Hasan, L. (2017). The challenges of organizational agility (Part 1). Industrial and Commercial Training, 49(1), 6-14.
  8. Arachie, A. E., Nzewi, H. N., Gerald, E., & Ezinne, K. M. (2020). Digital literacy in a post Coronavirus era: a management perspective for small businesses in Africa. Annals of Management and Organization Research, 1(3), 203-212.
  9. Ariyanto, R., & Kustini, K. (2021). Employer branding and employee value proposition: The key success of startup companies in attracting potential employee candidates. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 1(2), 113-125
  10. Borodako, K., Berbeka. J., Rudnicki, M., ?apczy?ski, &Mariusz . (2019). The contribution of human capital to the performance of Knowledge Intensive Business Services. Annals of Management and Organization Research, 1(2), 141-153.
  11. Christopher, M., &Towill, D. (2001). An Integrated Model for the Design of Agile Supply Chains. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 31(4), 235-246.http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09600030110394914
  12. Diniz, E. H., Jayo, M., Pozzebon, M., Lavoie, F., &Foguel, F. H. (2014). ICT helping to scale up microfinance. Journal of Global Information Management, 22(1), 34–50.
  13. Dove, R. (2001). Responsibility: The language, structure, and culture of the agile enterprise. New York: Wiley
  14. Doz, Y., & Kosonen, M. (2008). The dynamics of strategic agility: Nokia's rollercoaster experience. California Management Review, 50(3), 95-118.
  15. Emejulu, G., Agbasi, E., & Nosike, C. (2020). Strategic agility and performance of small and medium enterprises in the phase of Covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management, 2(1), 41-50.
  16. Erande, A., &Verma, A. (2008). Measuring Agility of Organizations – A Comprehensive Agility Measurement Tool (CAMT). Old Dominion University, Proceedings of The 2008 IAJC-IJME International Conference.
  17. Esbach, J. (2009). Relevance of engineering entrepreneurship: A study at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, 5(3), 108.
  18. Ganguly, A., Nilchiani, R., & Farr, J. V. (2009). Evaluating agility in corporate enterprises. International Journal of Production Economics, 118(2), 410-423.
  19. Gerald, E., Obianuju, A., Chukwunonso, N. (2020). Strategic agility and performance of small and medium enterprises in the phase of Covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management, 2(1), 41-50.
  20. Gunasekaran, A. (1999). Agile Manufacturing: A Framework for Research and Development. International Journal of Production Economics, 62, 87-105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5273(98)00222-9
  21. Hill, C., & Jones, G. (2009). Strategic Management: An Integrated approach (13th Ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
  22. Houghton, R., El Sawy, O. A., Gray, P., Donegan, C., & Joshi, A. (2004). Vigilant Information Systems for Managing Enterprises in Dynamic Supply Chains: Real-Time Dashboards at Western Digital. MISQuarterly Executive, 3(1), 19-35.
  23. Izza, S., Imache, R., Vincent, L., & Lounis, Y. (2008). An Approach for the Evaluation of the Agility in the Context of Enterprise Interoperability. Enterprise Interoperability, 3, 3-14.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-221-0_1
  24. Jahanshahi, A. A., Rezaei, M., Nawaser, K., Ranjbar, V., & Pitamber, B. K. (2012). Analyzing the effects of electronic commerce on organizational performance: Evidence from small and medium enterprises. African Journal of Business Management, 6(22), 6486-6496.
  25. Kauffman, R. J., & Riggins, F. J. (2012). Information and communication technology and the sustainability of microfinance. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 11(5), 450–468.
  26. Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Educational and Psychological Measurement, 607-610.
  27. Markos, S., & Sridevi, M. (2010). Employee Engagement: The Key to Improving Performance. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(12).
  28. Lim, C. H., & Teoh, K. B. (2021). Factors influencing the SME business success in Malaysia. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 1(1), 41-54.
  29. Matchaba-Hove, T. M., & Goliath, J. E (2007). The entrepreneurial orientation and business performance relationship: A study of young-adult-owned small businesses. Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Southern African Institute of Management Scientists.
  30. Mathiassen, L., & Pries-Heje, J. (2006). Business Agility and Diffusion of Information Technology. European Journal of Information Systems, (15), 116-119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ejis.3000610
  31. Mehrabi, S., Siyadat, S., &Allameh, S. (2013). Examining the Degree of Organizational Agility from Employees' Perspective (Agriculture-Jahad Organization of Shahrekord City). International Journal of academic research in Business and Social Sciences, 3(5), 315-323.
  32. Monyei (2021). Organisational paranoia and sustainable performance of banks in Lagos State, Nigeria. A PhD thesis, submitted in the Department of Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Online at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350277658_ORGANISATIONAL_PARANOIA_AND_WORKFORCE_PRODUCTIVITY_OF_THE_BANKING_SECTOR_IN_LAGOS_STATE_NIGERIA
  33. Nafei, W. A. (2016). Organizational Agility: The Key to Organizational Success. International Journal of Business and Management, 11(5).
  34. Nwaise, N.D. (2017). Empowering Nurses through Knowledge and Technology to Decrease Fall Rates. A thesis submitted for the degree of doctor of nursing practice at Walden University, USA. Available online at http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations. Retrieved 18th July 2021.
  35. Ofoegbu, O. E., &Akanbi, P. A. (2012). The influence of strategic agility on the perceived performance of manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The International Business & Economics Research Journal (Online), 11(2), 153-169.
  36. Olanipekun, W. D., Abioro, M. A., Akanni, L. F., Arulogun, O. O., &Rabiu, R. O. (2015). Impact of strategic management on competitive advantage and organisational performance– Evidence from Nigerian Bottling Company. Journal of Policy and Development Studies, 9(2), 185-198.
  37. Oosterhout, M. V., Waarts, E., & Van Hillegersberg, J. (2006). Change Factors Requiring Agility and Implications for It. European Journal of Information Systems, 15(2), 132-145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ejis.3000601
  38. Oyedijo, A. (2012). Strategic agility and competitive performance in the Nigerian telecommunication industry: An empirical investigation. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 2(3), 227-237.
  39. Rohrbeck, R., &Kum, M. E. (2018). Corporate foresight and its impact on firm performance: A longitudinal analysis. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 129, 105-116.
  40. Rozzani, N., Rahman, R. A., Yusuf, I. S., & Syed, S. N. (2013). Applying technology: Issues in microfinance operations. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 17(3).
  41. Sambamurthy, V., Bharadwaj, A., & Grover, V. (2003). Shaping Agility through Digital Options: Reconceptualizing the Role of Information Technology in Contemporary Firms. MIS Quarterly, 27(2), 237-263.
  42. Sampath, J. M. (2015). Exploring the significance of strategic agility in building sustainable competitive advantage for retail banks in India. Working Paper Series No. ST-16-01. SVKM's NarseeMonjee Institute of Management Studies, School of Business Management, Deemed University.
  43. Serrano-Cinca, C., & Gutiérrez-Nieto, B. (2014). Microfinance, the long tail and mission drift. International Business Review, 23(1), 181–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2013.03.006
  44. Sharifi, H., & Zhang, Z. (2001). Agile Manufacturing in Practice. Application of a Methodology. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 21(5), 772-794.http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443570110390462
  45. Sherehiy, B. (2008). Relationships between Agility Strategy, Work Organization and Workforce Agility. Doctor Dissertation, University of Louisville.
  46. Sherehiy, B., Karwowski, W., & Layer, J. (2007). A Review of Enterprise Agility: Concepts, Frameworks, and Attributes. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 37(5), 445-460.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2007.01.007
  47. Somuyiwa, A. O., Adebayo, I. T., & Akanbi, T. A. (2011). Supply chain performance: An agile supply chain driven by information system (IS) capabilities. British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 1(2), 125-135.
  48. Sull, D. (2009). How to Thrive in Turbulent Markets. Harvard Business Review, 87(2), 78-88.
  49. Syafarudin, A. (2016). The strategy of leadership and innovation in improving company performance against competitive advantage: A case study of PT. Pegadaian (Ltd) Indonesia. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 4(6), 471-482.
  50. Tabe-Khoshnood, N. & Nematizadeh, S. (2017). Strategic agility and its impact on the competitive capabilities in Iranian private banks. International Journal of Business and Management, 12(2), 220-229.
  51. Tallon, P. P., &Pinsonneault, A. (2011). Competing perspectives on the link between strategic information technology alignment and organizational agility: Insights from a mediation model. MIS Quarterly, 35, 463-486.
  52. Teece, D. J. (2007). Explicating dynamic capabilities: The nature and micro-foundations of (sustainable) enterprise performance. Strategic Management Journal, 28(13), 1319-1350.
  53. Teece, D., Peteraf, M., &Leih, S. (2016). Dynamic capabilities and organizational agility: Risk, uncertainty, and strategy in the innovation economy. California Management Review, 58(4), 13-35.
  54. Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509-533.
  55. Tsourveloudis, N., &Valavanis, K. (2002). On the Measurement of Enterprise Agility. Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, 33(3), 329-342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015096909316
  56. Warr, P., & Inceoglu, I. (2012). Job Engagement, Job Satisfaction, and Contrasting Associations with Person–Job Fit. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 17(2), 129-138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0026859
  57. Weber, Y., & Tarba, S. Y. (2014). Strategic agility: A state of the art introduction to the special section on strategic agility. California Management Review, 56(3), 5-12.
  58. Whitney, D. (2010). Appreciative Inquiry: Creating Spiritual Resonance in the Workplace. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 1-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14766080903497656
  59. Yeganegi, K., & Azar, M. (2012). The Effect of IT on Organizational Agility. Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, Istanbul, Turkey.
  60. Yusuf, Y., Sarhadi, M., & Gunasekaran, A. (1999). Agile Manufacturing: The Drivers, Concepts and Attributes. International Journal of Production Economics, 62(1-2), 33-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5273(98)00219-9
  61. Zain, M., Rose. R., Abdullah, I., &Masrom, M. (2005). The Relationship between Information Technology Acceptance and Organizational Agility in Malaysia. Information & Management, 42, 829-839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2004.09.001