AFCL

Article Details

Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): February

Online Gambling Crimes and Criminal Liability: Digital Jurisdiction Challenges in Cross-Border Cybercrime Cases in Batam

https://doi.org/10.35912/afcl.v1i1.4367
27 Feb 2026

Abstract

Purpose: This study examines how digital jurisdiction can be applied to strengthen criminal liability for cross-border online gambling fraud operating through Batam's Free Trade Zone, a corridor directly adjacent to Singapore and Malaysia.

Research Methodology: The research uses normative legal methods combining a statute approach, a conceptual approach, and a case approach, supported by descriptive-analytical qualitative analysis of primary legal materials, including the 2023 Criminal Code, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, and Free Trade Zone regulations, together with secondary legal literature.

Results: The existing framework remains fragmented and largely territorial, leaving corporate operators, payment facilitators, and affiliate marketers beyond the practical reach of Indonesian criminal law once transactions and servers are routed offshore. Overlapping mandates among the Batam Business Entity, the police, the communications ministry, and the financial intelligence unit further weaken enforcement.

Conclusions: A reconstructed liability model built on long-arm jurisdiction, corporate criminal liability, and a digital presence standard can close the accountability gap without abandoning territorial sovereignty.

Limitations: The doctrinal design does not incorporate quantitative enforcement data or comparative field interviews with regulators.

Contributions: The study offers a synchronization framework linking criminal law, electronic transaction law, and free trade zone governance that can inform legislative drafting and joint task force design in comparable border economies facing transnational financial crime.

Keywords

Corporate Criminal Liability Cross-Border Fraud Digital Jurisdiction Free Trade Zone Online Gambling

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